Experimental Techniques最新文献

{"title":"Development and Performance Evaluation of a Block-Stiffened Fretting Fixture for Accurate Load Transfer in Fretting Tests","authors":"P. Bangaru,&nbsp;V. Kaliveeran,&nbsp;R.M. Raveesh,&nbsp;S. Kundapura","doi":"10.1007/s40799-025-00823-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-025-00823-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study introduces a novel fretting fixture designed for fretting and full sliding tests, which minimizes recalibration and integrates multiple sensors for measuring contact tractions. The fixture features an additional “Z”-type supporting structure that enables horizontal chassis length adjustments and is compatible with various fatigue testing machines. Adjustable components, such as vertical stiffeners reinforced with rigid blocks, facilitate achieving the target Load Transfer Ratio (LTR) of 50%. The LTR can be adjusted by repositioning the rigid blocks using a bolt-nut assembly. The fretting tests are conducted with and without blocks attached to the vertical stiffeners. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and experimental methods are employed to ealuate the LTR, yielding results of 59–60% and 58–59%, respectively. Supported by FEA and experimental validation, the fixture demonstrates effectiveness and reliability for fretting studies. The stiffened fretting fixture is evaluated under higher normal loads and increased frequencies, showing a notable increase in the Q/P ratio. This increase highlights intensified surface interaction and pronounced tribological effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"50 3","pages":"393 - 411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148060682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Metrology Analysis for the Thermomechanical Characterization of an Open-Cell Polyurethane Foam Under Compression","authors":"A. Furst,&nbsp;M. Foster,&nbsp;J. Morton,&nbsp;L. Lamberson","doi":"10.1007/s40799-025-00817-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-025-00817-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Digital image correlation (DIC) is a powerful, non-contact technique for quantifying strain fields, yet its accuracy in materials undergoing large deformations remains a challenge due to decorrelation, feature loss, and strain definition sensitivity. This study investigates the application of incremental DIC to capture the thermomechanical response of an open-cell polyurethane foam subjected to compressive strain 65% at temperatures ranging from 10<span>(^{circ })</span>C to 40<span>(^{circ })</span>C and strain rates between 10<span>(^{-3})</span> and 10<span>(^{-1})</span> s<span>(^{-1})</span>. Conventional and incremental DIC approaches were compared using multiple strain definitions, revealing that global extensometer-based measurements underestimated strain heterogeneity by up to 15%. The Biot strain provided the most reliable bulk deformation representation, while a localized small strain definition improved the spatial resolution of strain gradients. Incremental DIC mitigated decorrelation effects at large strains, maintaining higher correlation coefficients, but introduced accumulated image noise over successive frames. These findings underscore the need for careful selection of the definition of strain and experimental design when applying DIC to highly deformable, energy-absorbing materials, informing improved methodologies for protective system development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"50 3","pages":"381 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148060911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-Simulated Sliding Mode Intelligent Control Considering Partial Uncertainty of Magneto-Rheological Damper in Structural Vibration","authors":"W. Li,&nbsp;X. Ge,&nbsp;M. Liang,&nbsp;X. Deng,&nbsp;Z. Lin,&nbsp;L. Liu","doi":"10.1007/s40799-025-00796-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-025-00796-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magneto-rheological (MR) dampers are widely used in vibration control systems due to their excellent controllability of output characteristics. Over prolonged operation, MR dampers tend to lose damping effectiveness, mainly due to temperature rise, MR fluid leakage, and magnetic coil failure. Notably, conventional control schemes for MR systems often overlook the inherent damping loss phenomenon. This study begins with an empirical investigation of the effect of temperature on the damping force of MR dampers. A comprehensive scaled three-story structural model incorporating an MR damper is then developed, accounting for temperature effects as a partial uncertainty factor. An innovative sliding mode observer is proposed to estimate the damping force loss caused by temperature increase. Using the acquired uncertainty data, a novel control strategy called Human Simulated Sliding Mode Control is introduced. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is evaluated through simulations using seismic excitations from the El Centro, Taft, and Kobe earthquakes. To further validate the proposed control strategy, a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) test system using dSPACE is established. Control strategies tolerant to uncertainties, addressing partial uncertainty in MR dampers under different frequency sine wave excitations, are systematically examined. The results confirm that the proposed control scheme effectively reduces the negative impact of actuator uncertainty on the performance of MR semi-active three-story structural systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"50 3","pages":"365 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Travel and High Gain, Miniature Piezo-Stack Actuator Amplifier","authors":"P. Knapkiewicz,&nbsp;B. Kawa","doi":"10.1007/s40799-025-00821-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-025-00821-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents the innovative development of a compact piezo-stack actuator amplifier that effectively combines high load capacity, extended travel range, and a minimal form factor. By integrating a piezo-stack element with a compliant mechanism, the authors enhance the actuator’s displacement capabilities, overcoming the limitations typically associated with miniature actuators. The study identifies a significant gap in the availability of precise, lightweight devices that can exert forces greater than 2 N while maintaining a compact structure of less than 1 cm³. To address this need, the authors developed an actuator capable of achieving precise motion at a nanometric scale with substantial travel distances, employing iterative simulations and optimization algorithms to establish an efficient operating principle. Additionally, an in-house measurement station was meticulously crafted to evaluate the actuator’s performance with nanometric accuracy. Experimental results show a maximum hysteresis value of no more than 9.7% and open-loop drift below 1%, aligning with industry standards. This innovative actuator design not only fills a critical gap in high-precision, lightweight solutions but also demonstrates significant potential for applications in small observational telescopes, particularly in space settings. By addressing the need for high-precision positioning, this work contributes valuable advancements to the field of miniature piezoelectric actuators and paves the way for next-generation optical component manipulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"50 3","pages":"351 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40799-025-00821-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Wind-Induced Vibration Noise of Stay Cables","authors":"S. Li,&nbsp;Z. Hui,&nbsp;Y. Xue,&nbsp;H. Wang,&nbsp;L. Wang,&nbsp;L. Xie","doi":"10.1007/s40799-025-00820-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-025-00820-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the primary load-bearing components of cable-stayed bridges, stay cables require health monitoring to ensure their safe operation. Acoustic emission (AE) technology can detect wire breakages in steel strands within stay cables; however, it is prone to noise interference, which compromises monitoring accuracy. Addressing the insufficient understanding of wind-induced noise characteristics in stay cables, this study investigates their time-domain and frequency-domain properties, examining the influence of wind speed, cable length, the number of stay cables connected in parallel to waveguides, and monitoring location on wind-induced noise signals. The results indicate that wind-induced noise signals exhibit significant variability, notable time-domain fluctuations, and prolonged duration. Moreover, the amplitude, peak frequency, and duration of the noise signals increase with higher wind speeds and greater cable lengths. A strong linear correlation (R² = 0.99) exists between the noise signal amplitude and the number of stay cables connected in parallel to waveguides, with each additional cable increasing the amplitude by approximately 13.3 mV. The hit rate follows an exponential growth relationship (R² = 0.989) with the number of parallel stay cables. Additionally, the amplitude and duration of wind-induced noise signals at the anchorage end are lower than those at the cable end.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"50 2","pages":"305 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Cover: miniBLAST: A Novel Experimental Setup for Laboratory Testing of Structures Under Blast Loads","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s40799-025-00819-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-025-00819-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"49 4","pages":"565 - 565"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Temperature and Residual Stress Distribution in Friction Stir Welded Tailored Blank of Dissimilar Aluminium Alloy: Insights from Numerical Simulation and Experimental Observations","authors":"P. Shrivastava,&nbsp;S. Chavhan","doi":"10.1007/s40799-025-00816-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-025-00816-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the thermomechanical and microstructural evolution in dissimilar thin aluminium alloy sheets, AA6061 and AA5182-H34, joined using Friction Stir Welding (FSW), widely adopted in the automotive and aerospace industries for high-strength, lightweight structural applications. Blanks produced via FSW face challenges in joint strength and residual stress development, primarily influenced by peak temperatures generated through frictional heating during the process. A three-dimensional coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model was developed to simulate the FSW process. Experimental validation was achieved using embedded thermocouples and strain rosettes placed strategically along the weld path. Simulation results confirmed successful solid-state bonding, with thermal cycles remaining below the melting points of both alloys. The peak von Mises stress and equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ) occurred near the tool shoulder and advancing side, indicating zones of strain localization and mechanical vulnerability. Longitudinal residual stresses exhibited a distinct M-shaped asymmetric distribution, with peak tensile values reaching 39.21 MPa on the advancing side, while the retreating side showed comparatively lower tensile stresses (36.66 MPa). Transverse residual stresses were significantly lower (~ 70%) and therefore considered secondary in structural assessment. Furthermore, micro-residual stress analysis was performed in conjunction with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) metrics. Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) maps revealed plastic deformation gradients within the nugget zone and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), further validating the simulated and experimentally assessed macro residual stress and PEEQ predictions. Dislocation density estimations, derived from KAM values, indicated elevated densities in the weld nugget, confirming residual lattice strain accumulation consistent with differential thermal contraction. The integration of finite element modelling with macro and microscopic residual stress indicators provides a holistic understanding of weld performance. The results contribute to optimized process parameter design and enhance predictive capabilities for fatigue resistance, dimensional stability, and overall joint reliability in thin-sheet dissimilar FSW applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"50 2","pages":"271 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of Thermal and Thermo-Elastic Responses in Fixed-Free Functionally Graded Beams Under Localized Heating","authors":"P. Malik,&nbsp;R. Kadoli","doi":"10.1007/s40799-025-00818-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-025-00818-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The combination of multiple constituent materials, when spatially graded, enables the creation of composite materials with tailored physical properties, making them ideal for applications in defense, aerospace, energy, and medical sectors. This study focuses on developing functionally graded materials (FGMs) with two extreme physical properties: high-temperature resistance and high strength, specifically investigating SUS316-Al₂O₃ beam composites. SUS316-Al₂O₃ beams were fabricated using the plasma spraying technique. The microstructural analysis revealed distinct gradation patterns, with plasma-sprayed beams exhibiting a layered gradation. The thermo-elastic behavior of FGM, along with pure SUS316 beams, was evaluated under thermal loads ranging from 2.925 W to 23.9 W. The SUS316-Al₂O₃ FGM beams displayed elastic deflection at higher thermal loads, indicating their potential for high-performance applications. A 2.23% decrease in frequency and thermal deflection of 0.6 mm was observed when the beam was heated to a temperature of 89⁰C for about 5 min. The findings suggest that functionally graded SUS316-Al₂O₃ beams offer enhanced thermo-elastic properties, making them suitable for demanding applications requiring high-temperature resistance and strength.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"50 2","pages":"289 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Detection Probability Curve of Ultrasonic Testing for Inner Surface Cracks in Long-Term Service Pressure Vessels","authors":"L. Wu,&nbsp;W. Zhang,&nbsp;S. Liu,&nbsp;Z. Liu,&nbsp;Y. Xing,&nbsp;Y. Li,&nbsp;S. Ao","doi":"10.1007/s40799-025-00815-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-025-00815-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to corrosion, fatigue, welding defects and especially crack-related defects, timely inspection is essential to ensure the safety of pressure vessels. Nondestructive testing (NDT) is a non-invasive method used to assess these vessels' reliability. This study uses NDT techniques to investigate crack damage in cryogenic pressure vessels by creating artificial notches to simulate internal cracks. Three ultrasonic testing methods—conventional, time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD), and phased array—were employed. Probability of detection (POD) data were collected and fitted using three function models (two-parameter Weibull, exponential, and power function) to generate POD curves at 50% and 95% confidence levels. The study reveals that phased array ultrasonic testing achieves a detection rate of 76% for cracks ranging from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, outperforming the other methods. Among the function models, the two-parameter Weibull function closely approximates the ideal hit/miss model, while the exponential function model shows better fit with increasing NDT reliability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"50 2","pages":"255 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Fabrication of a Cost-Effective Izod Impact Testing Experimental Set-Up for Evaluation of 3D Printed Plastics By Statistical Analysis Performed in Python Environment","authors":"I. Pereyra,&nbsp;L.E. Lugo-Uribe,&nbsp;M.A. González-López,&nbsp;J.L. Marín-Martínez,&nbsp;M. Dehonor-Gomez,&nbsp;G.M. de Oca-Ramírez,&nbsp;J. Mayen-Pereyra,&nbsp;J. Mayen","doi":"10.1007/s40799-025-00812-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-025-00812-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The research introduces a budget-friendly Izod impact testing system for plastic evaluation and analysis through Python. The system received validation through experiments which combined design of experiments with finite element method (FEM) simulations and statistical analysis. The research applied Python data analysis to study how 3D printing parameters, such as extrusion temperature, layer height, infill density, and geometry, affect absorbed energy and impact toughness. The Izod impact testing bench operates by converting gravitational potential energy into absorbed energy which can be measured by calculating the pendulum's initial and final heights. The HTML application, specifically designed for this purpose, analyzed the experimental measurements of impact toughness. The experimental results were analyzed through Python data analysis and FEM methodology to obtain impact test outcomes. The measured properties showed no change due to extrusion temperature, but the infill density, geometry, and layer height significantly affected printed components' energy absorption and impact toughness. The research findings confirm previous studies about how design and printing parameters influence plastic mechanical properties. The FEM analysis confirmed the experimental results which validated the developed impact testing setup for 3D printing optimization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"50 2","pages":"319 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}