Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy最新文献_第2页

A Review of the Impact on Aquatic Communities of Inputs from Peatlands Drained for Peat Extraction 泥炭地抽干投入物对水生群落的影响

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.1353/bae.2022.0010

Thomas Donahue, F. Renou-Wilson, C. Pschenyckyj, M. Kelly-Quinn

{"title":"A Review of the Impact on Aquatic Communities of Inputs from Peatlands Drained for Peat Extraction","authors":"Thomas Donahue, F. Renou-Wilson, C. Pschenyckyj, M. Kelly-Quinn","doi":"10.1353/bae.2022.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2022.0010","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Peatlands, which account for 21% of total land area in the Republic of Ireland, have been subjected to large-scale drainage and extraction of peat for fuel since the Industrial Revolution, continuing throughout the twentieth and early twenty-first century. Though the effects of this extraction on the water quality of streams draining peatlands have received extensive study, little research has investigated the direct effects of peat drainage and extraction on the aquatic biota (e.g. fish, macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, phytobenthos) of these streams and no studies have yet been published on these effects in Irish peatland streams. This paper reviewed the available data on the effects of physico-chemical stressors such as ammonia, heavy metals and peat sedimentation associated with drainage and extraction on the aquatic biota of peatland streams. Results suggest that peatland drainage and extraction provide several serious challenges to aquatic life, including increased mortality, reduced richness, behavioural changes, habitat alterations and changes in community structure. This review also details the benefits of peatland restoration via drain-blocking on aquatic biota and highlights the extensive knowledge gaps that exist in understanding the effects of peatland derived stressors on surface water communities. These include the impact of peat sedimentation on aquatic biota, the paucity of information on the effects on phytobenthos communities and a lack of knowledge of how the various peat-derived stressors interact to impact aquatic communities in addition to inadequate knowledge of the responses of stream biota to peatland restoration.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"78 1","pages":"145 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84526279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ash Dieback and Other Pests and Pathogens of Fraxinus on the Island of Ireland 爱尔兰岛白蜡属植物白蜡枯梢病及其他病虫害

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1353/bae.2022.0007

Erika Soldi, A. Tiley, R. O’Hanlon, B. Murphy, T. Hodkinson

引用次数: 2

New survey of Clare Island. Volume 9: Birds ed. by T.K. Kelly (review) 克莱尔岛的新调查。第九卷:鸟类，T.K. Kelly主编(书评)

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1353/bae.2022.0009

J. Furphy

引用次数: 0

Living with the Impact of Ash Dieback Disease – Local Mitigation Practices Against Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus on the Island of Ireland 生活在白蜡树枯梢病的影响下——爱尔兰岛当地针对黄膜隐虫的缓解措施

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1353/bae.2022.0006

A. Tiley, R. O’Hanlon

{"title":"Living with the Impact of Ash Dieback Disease – Local Mitigation Practices Against Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus on the Island of Ireland","authors":"A. Tiley, R. O’Hanlon","doi":"10.1353/bae.2022.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2022.0006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) have considerable environmental, cultural and economic value on the island of Ireland. However, the species is currently succumbing to widespread damage from the invasive fungal pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz and Hosoza, which has swept across Europe. This pathogen is the causal agent of ash dieback disease, an infection with symptoms that were initially reported in Poland in the early 1990s. Hymenoscyphus fraxineus has since spread across Europe and now largely matches the natural distribution of F. excelsior. The first detection of the disease on the island of Ireland was in 2012 at a forestry plantation in Co. Leitrim, although it is unknown when the disease was first introduced onto the island. The pathogen has now been detected in all 26 counties in Ireland and 6 counties in Northern Ireland, and it is considered too difficult to eradicate. Management of the impact of the disease is now of vital importance. Considerable research efforts have been made internationally to understand the biology of H. fraxineus and to develop management strategies against it. This review provides an update of current knowledge of H. fraxineus biology and epidemiology. It explores examples of mitigation techniques that have been trialled in Europe, in order to identify strategies that may be feasible for disease management at a local level on the island of Ireland. Finally, five key avenues of research are outlined that have the potential to provide breakthroughs in methods to protect valuable F. excelsior resources.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"32 1","pages":"67 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85406019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Twin Pressures of Intensification and Abandonment Negatively Impact Grassland Biodiversity in the Burren 集约化与撂荒双重压力对草地生物多样性的负面影响

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1353/bae.2022.0008

Caroline M. McKeon, Alain Finn, M. Long, I. Donohue, Y. Buckley

{"title":"Twin Pressures of Intensification and Abandonment Negatively Impact Grassland Biodiversity in the Burren","authors":"Caroline M. McKeon, Alain Finn, M. Long, I. Donohue, Y. Buckley","doi":"10.1353/bae.2022.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2022.0008","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:A major component of Earth's dry surface is human-managed grassland, making the relationships among management actions, grassland biodiversity and ecosystem services of great ecological interest. Common management practices—fertiliser addition and large herbivore grazing—influence grassland diversity and productivity. The Nutrient Network, a distributed research effort, investigates these relationships across grasslands at a global scale. The Burren contains internationally important grasslands with high biodiversity maintained by traditional farming practices. Using six years of data from the Slieve Carran Nutrient Network site, we examine the effects of fertilisation and large mammal herbivory on plant diversity and biomass in a unique Irish context. We find 1) fertiliser addition and herbivore exclusion both decrease diversity and increase biomass, and 2) independent of our experimental treatments, biomass increased throughout the study. Our findings on treatment effects align with results from the wider Nutrient Network experiment. Additionally, the increase in biomass during the study is consistent with an abandonment effect. This research shows twin pressures of agricultural intensification and abandonment of traditional management practises detrimentally impact Burren grassland biodiversity. This is relevant to future management decisions, as biodiversity provides key ecosystem services in the Burren, including supporting tourism that contributes to local economies.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"488 1","pages":"123 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79989220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Vitamins C and E On Nonylphenol–Induced Dna Damage and Tefu Gene Expression in Drosophila Melanogaster 维生素C和E对壬基酚诱导的黑胃果蝇Dna损伤和Tefu基因表达的影响

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/bae.2022.0005

Fahriye Zemheri-Navruz, N. Bulut, Y. Şenses, C. Uğuz

引用次数: 1

Upward Shifts of Species Range in mediterranean High-Mountain forests Under Current Climate change: A Review 当前气候变化下地中海高山森林物种范围的向上移动研究进展

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.1353/bae.2022.0002

Mariem Ben-Said

{"title":"Upward Shifts of Species Range in mediterranean High-Mountain forests Under Current Climate change: A Review","authors":"Mariem Ben-Said","doi":"10.1353/bae.2022.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2022.0002","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Anthropogenic global warming represents a serious threat to mountain forest ecosystems. For more than two decades studies have increasingly reported altitudinal range shifts in tree species in response to climate change. This paper is primarily addressed to ecologists with limited background on this topic and presents a review of the main studies investigating the impact of global warming on the upward migration of trees in high-mountain forests around the Mediterranean Basin. Various scientific databases were consulted, covering published literature between 2000 and 2021 that clearly indicate an upward shift of the main Mediterranean tree species (e.g. Pinus, Quercus, Abies and Fagus). From these studies, we retrieved 1) the status of the upward shift of tree species; 2) the main drivers of this shift; and 3) the most common assessment methods used. The results indicated that several tree species in the Mediterranean Basin are experiencing expansion and/or retraction at leading- and/or trailing-edges, respectively, although some are showing opposite movements or no changes. Climate warming and land-use changes are considered the main drivers of species range shifts. These shifts are frequently assessed through monitoring tree line changes along elevational gradients. Despite the considerable advances in these studies, there are large gaps for some Mediterranean tree species, which need particular attention.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"18 1","pages":"39 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87646092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Review and Analysis of Life Cycle Assessment Tendencies in the Brazilian Soybean Supply Chain 巴西大豆供应链生命周期评估趋势综述与分析

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.1353/bae.2022.0003

Thyago Rodrigues do Carmo Brito, J. Aranha, A. Fernandes-Silva, Leovigildo Aparecido Costa Santos, Rui Manuel de Sousa Fragoso

{"title":"A Review and Analysis of Life Cycle Assessment Tendencies in the Brazilian Soybean Supply Chain","authors":"Thyago Rodrigues do Carmo Brito, J. Aranha, A. Fernandes-Silva, Leovigildo Aparecido Costa Santos, Rui Manuel de Sousa Fragoso","doi":"10.1353/bae.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Recently, there has been an increase in the number of supply chain Life Cycle Assessments, from local cultivation to the final product and its disposal. Globally, the soybean supply chain has expanded. In the 2019/20 season, Brazil was the largest producer and exporter of this commodity worldwide. Currently, LCA publications addressing the environmental impacts of the Brazilian soybean supply chain are scarce, and a review with multiple results is necessary. In the current paper, we performed a search on the 'Web of Knowledge' database using the following search strings: 'Soybean Life Cycle Assessment' and 'Soybean Supply Chain Brazil Assessment'. The search initially retrieved 335 papers. Screening of the identified studies eventually reduced the sample down to 27 relevant papers. We then extracted data that included diverse system boundaries, functional units, life cycle inventories, allocation, impact assessments, and LCA interpretations from each of the studies. Interestingly, the results showed that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change method and the environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions appeared most (13 times each). Additionally, the SimaPro software was used in nine studies, and the cradle-to-grave concept was addressed in 15 publications. Furthermore, due to the use of various inputs, the agricultural phase has the most significant environmental impact on the soybean supply chain, followed by the transport phase.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"39 1","pages":"53 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89622265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Plant Communities in the Gradient from Raised Bog to Fen in a Near-Intact Lagg Zone in Carrownagappul Bog, Ireland 爱尔兰Carrownagappul沼泽近乎完整的滞后带中从凸起沼泽到沼泽梯度的植物群落

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-05-25 DOI: 10.1353/bae.2022.0001

W. Crowley, George F. Smith, F. Mackin

{"title":"Plant Communities in the Gradient from Raised Bog to Fen in a Near-Intact Lagg Zone in Carrownagappul Bog, Ireland","authors":"W. Crowley, George F. Smith, F. Mackin","doi":"10.1353/bae.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Despite the importance of lagg zones in the function and restoration of raised bog systems, there have been limited studies on their vegetation communities and environmental characteristics. Given their importance and lack of study, the vegetation in the near-intact lagg zone in the south-south-west of Carrownagappul Bog in Co. Galway was sampled along four transects in July 2020. Cluster analysis separated the vegetation, encompassing 97 species, into 5 vegetation types. There were affinities between these vegetation types and a range of Irish Vegetation Classification (IVC) bog, heath, grassland and fen communities, as well as two Habitats Directive Annex I habitat types, transition mires and alkaline fen. In addition, a population of the Annex II listed Marsh Fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775)) was recorded from the area. In general, the vegetation communities reflected a gradient of increasing alkalinity, moisture and nutrient status from ombrotrophic raised bog to minerotrophic fen. The diversity of the vegetation over a small area and its near-natural conditions underscore the conservation significance of the lagg zone, and these findings accentuate the hydrological perspective that restoration of the lagg should, where possible, be a key element in raised bog restoration. The current lack of a characterisation of the lagg types found in Ireland is a barrier to developing a sound restoration and conservation management strategy.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"2017 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86775661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Landscape Structure Affect the Presence of Woodland Specialist Pollinators in Farmland? Implications for Agri-Environment Scheme Design 景观结构是否影响农田林地专业传粉者的存在?对农业环境方案设计的启示

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.1353/bae.2022.0000

S. Ruas, Ruth Kelly, Karzan S. D. Ahmed, S. Maher, Ellen O'Hora, A. Volpato, D. Ó hUallacháin, M. Gormally, J C Stout, J. Moran

{"title":"Does Landscape Structure Affect the Presence of Woodland Specialist Pollinators in Farmland? Implications for Agri-Environment Scheme Design","authors":"S. Ruas, Ruth Kelly, Karzan S. D. Ahmed, S. Maher, Ellen O'Hora, A. Volpato, D. Ó hUallacháin, M. Gormally, J C Stout, J. Moran","doi":"10.1353/bae.2022.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2022.0000","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Some pollinator species found in agricultural areas are strongly dependent on surrounding areas of natural or semi-natural habitats to nest and/or forage. Landscape structure has been shown to influence pollinator communities and understanding how landscape structure affects farmland pollinators can improve Agri-Environment Schemes (AES). This study explored how landscape metrics affect the presence of pollinators associated with woody vegetation in farmland in the Republic of Ireland. Two study regions were selected, and pollinators were collected using pan traps placed in farm linear features. Hoverfly and bee species were selected based on their body size and association with woody vegetation. Relevant landscape structure metrics were extracted from around each trap and used to develop explanatory models for the abundance of pollinators. The total abundance of target species was relatively low but correlated with three explanatory variables: the connectivity of the linear feature to woodlands; the distance from the trap to the closest woodland; and edge density. Hoverfly and bee abundance data, when analysed separately, showed significant differences within regions. Results seem to indicate that incentivising the connectivity of farm linear features to surrounding woodland patches and increasing optimal habitat availability in agricultural landscapes could benefit woodland specialists. This information is helpful to improving AES design.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"416 1","pages":"17 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75760785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0