Biopreservation and Biobanking最新文献

{"title":"The Influences of Cryopreservation Methods on RNA, Protein, Microstructure and Cell Viability of Skeletal Muscle Tissue.","authors":"Xiang Huang, Jingjing Jiang, Junmin Shen, Ziying Xu, Fangyan Gu, Jinlian Pei, Licheng Zhang, Peifu Tang, Pengbin Yin","doi":"10.1089/bio.2023.0005","DOIUrl":"10.1089/bio.2023.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Different experiments require different sample storage methods. The commonly used preservation methods in biobank practice cannot fully meet the multifarious requirements of experimental techniques. Programmable controlled slow freezing (PCSF) can maintain the viability of tissue. In this study, we hypothesized that PCSF-preserved samples have potential advantages in matching subsequent experiments compared with existing methods. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We compared the differences on skeletal muscle tissue RNA integrity, protein integrity, microstructure integrity, and cell viability between four existing cryopreservation methods: liquid nitrogen (LN₂) snap-freezing, LN₂-cooled isopentane snap-freezing, RNAlater^®-based freezing, and PCSF. RNA integrity was evaluated using agarose gel electrophoresis and RNA integrity number. Freezing-related microstructural damage in the muscle tissue was evaluated using ice crystal diameter and muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Protein integrity was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. Cell viability was evaluated using trypan blue staining after primary muscle cell isolation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> PCSF preserved RNA integrity better than LN₂ and isopentane, with a statistically significant difference. RNAlater preserved RNA integrity best. PCSF best controlled ice crystal size in myofibers, with a significant difference compared with LN₂. The PCSF method best preserved the integrity of protein epitopes according to the mean fluorescence intensity results, with a significant difference. Cell viability was best preserved in the PCSF method compared with the other three methods, with a significant difference. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> PCSF protected the RNA integrity, microstructural integrity, protein integrity, and cell viability of skeletal muscle tissue. The application of PCSF in biobank practice is recommended as a multi-experiment-compatible cryopreservation method.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10400901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Biorepository to Support Sickle Cell Disease Genomics and Clinical Research: A Practical Approach to Link Patient Data and Biospecimens from Muhimbili Sickle Cell Program, Tanzania.","authors":"Upendo Masamu, Raphael Z Sangeda, Josephine Mgaya, Siana Nkya, Beatrice Octavian, Frank R Mtiiye, Joyce Nduguru, Agnes Jonathan, Daniel Kandonga, Irene K Minja, Paschal Rugajo, Emmanuel Balandya, Julie Makani","doi":"10.1089/bio.2023.0060","DOIUrl":"10.1089/bio.2023.0060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Africa, sickle cell disease phenotypes' genetic contributors remain understudied due to the dearth of databases that pair biospecimens with demographic and clinical details. The absence of biorepositories in these settings can exacerbate this issue. This article documents the physical verification process of biospecimens in the biorepository, connecting them to patient clinical and demographic data and aiding in the planning of future genomic and clinical research studies' experience from the Muhimbili Sickle Cell Program in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The biospecimen database was updated with the current biospecimen position following the physical verification and then mapping this information to its demographic and clinical data using demographic identifiers. The biorepository stored 74,079 biospecimens in three -80°C freezers, including 63,345 from 5159 patients enrolled in the cohort between 2004 and 2016. Patients were identified by a control (first visit), entry (when confirmed sickle cell homozygous), admission (when hospitalized), and follow-up numbers (subsequent visits). Of 63,345 biospecimens, follow-ups were 46,915 (74.06%), control 8067 (12.74%), admission 5517 (8.71%), and entry 2846 (4.49%). Of these registered patients, females were 2521 (48.87%) and males were 2638 (51.13%). The age distribution was 1-59 years, with those older than 18 years being 577 (11.18%) and children 4582 (88.82%) of registered patients. The notable findings during the process include a lack of automated biospecimen checks, laboratory information management system, and tubes with volume calibration; this caused the verification process to be tedious and manual. Biospecimens not linked to clinical and demographic data, date format inconsistencies, and lack of regular updating of a database on exhausted biospecimens and updates when biospecimens are moved between positions within freezers were other findings that were found. A well-organized biorepository plays a crucial role in answering future research questions. Enforcing standard operating procedures and quality control will ensure that laboratory users adhere to the best biospecimen management procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11301703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72016147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Evaluation of an Educational Video to Support Consent to a Pediatric Malignancy Biobank.","authors":"Eden G Robertson, Rebecca Komesaroff, David D Eisenstat, Alexandra Robertson, Louise E Ludlow","doi":"10.1089/bio.2024.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2024.0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The collection of biological specimens is necessary to support basic and translational research. However, the complexity of biobanking introduces numerous ethical issues, particularly regarding informed consent. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate the acceptability and perceived benefits of an educational video facilitating the consent process for the Children's Cancer Centre Biobank. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We invited individuals who had previously consented to be (or their child to be) part of the Biobank, and health professionals who were involved in obtaining consent. Participants watched the video and completed a purpose-designed online survey. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 16 health professionals (invited = 30) and 15 patients/caregivers (invited = 127) participated. Most patients/caregivers felt informed about the Biobank at consent, however, noted how overwhelmed they were at the time and that they did not engage with the written information. Overall, both patients/caregivers and health professionals rated the video favorably regarding the information provided and format. Participants valued that it was simple and clear, with several health professionals noting the need for linguistic translations to better support the families they work with. Most patients/caregivers agreed that the video provided enough information to begin considering participation. This aligned with the health professionals' feedback that the video was most effective when used as a conversation starter to help formalize the written consent. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings suggest that our video is an acceptable and beneficial tool to assist in the Biobank consenting process, from both the perspective of decision-makers and health professionals obtaining consent. It appears particularly valuable as a precursor to an interactive, formal consent discussion. Further work is required to determine whether our video has a significant impact on outcomes such as decision-making satisfaction and knowledge, and to determine the value to adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apoptotic-Related MiRNAs Correlated with Functional and Flow Cytometric Parameters in Asthenozoospermic Holstein Bulls After Freeze-Thaw Process.","authors":"Morteza Taravat, Amirmahdi Roshanzamir, Maryam Rahbar, Tohid Rezaei Topraggaleh, Reza Asadpour, Mustafa Numan Bucak","doi":"10.1089/bio.2023.0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2023.0135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many cellular processes in spermatozoa, including apoptosis and motility, are regulated by miRNA. Different miRNAs and molecular pathways are involved in asthenozoospermia (AS) conditions, which are thought to be one of the causes of infertility with reduced sperm motility. Thirty-two semen samples from four Holstein bulls with normozoospermia (NS), total motility ≥ 70%, and progressive motility ≥ 60%, and 32 semen samples from four bulls with AS, total motility ≤ 40%, and progressive motility ≤ 32% were used to investigate the function of apoptosis-related miRNAs in the AS group. Samples were then aspirated into a 0.5 mL straw after dilution with a Tris-egg yolk extender and frozen at -196°C. After freezing, semen samples were thawed for 2 weeks at 37°C and sperm kinematic parameters, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis status, and expression of apoptosis-related miRNAs (miR-2114, miR-296-3p, miR-455-3p, and miR345-3p) were evaluated. Our results showed that the functional and flow cytometric parameters of the NS group were significantly better than those of the AS group. In the NS group, miR-455-3pp and miR-2412 were upregulated, while miR-345-3p was downregulated compared with the AS group. In the AS group, miR-296-39, miR-2412, and miR-345-3p levels were strongly correlated with membrane integrity, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis status. The findings demonstrated that the selected miRNAs based on bioinformatic analysis in AS and NS samples had a substantial association with functional and flow cytometry indicators and may be involved in regulating apoptosis and motility in AS samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability and Qualification of a Legacy Fungal Collection.","authors":"Mennat El Ghalid, Adriana Chiarelli, Sylvain Brisse, Fay Betsou, Dea Garcia-Hermoso","doi":"10.1089/bio.2023.0154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2023.0154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Microbial culture collections are valuable repositories for qualified and diverse microorganisms, playing a pivotal role in research, education, innovation, as well as in our response to current and emerging public health and societal challenges. However, such precious holdings, when not integrated in professional biobank infrastructures, may be vulnerable to major risks such as staff retirement, changes in the institutional strategy, or natural disasters. The process of preserving and rescuing \"historical\" collections can be long and treacherous with a loss of a part of the collection. At the Biological Resource Center of Institut Pasteur, we undertook the challenge of rescuing the dormant legacy fungal collection. <b><i>Materials and Methods</i>:</b> A total of 64 freeze-dried strains, including yeasts and filamentous fungi, were characterized by using a polyphasic approach combining morphological features and molecular data. We assessed the viability, purity, and authenticity of selected strains isolated from multiple sources and stored for more than 20 years. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our preliminary results show long-term stability of the selected strains and successful qualification in terms of purity and authentication. Moreover, based on the most recent taxonomic revisions, we updated and revised the nomenclature, where applicable. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings demonstrated the potential value of reviving historical microbial collections for biobanking and research activities and reassure us about the collection's future reopening.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study of B Cell Blast Isolation Methods from Bone Marrow Aspirates of Pediatric Leukemia Patients.","authors":"Tanmaya Atre, Vi Nguyen, Veronica Chow, Gregor S D Reid, Suzanne Vercauteren","doi":"10.1089/bio.2023.0133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2023.0133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Density gradient centrifugation is a conventional technique widely utilized to isolate bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) from bone marrow (BM) aspirates obtained from pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients. Nevertheless, this technique achieves incomplete recovery of mononuclear cells and is relatively time-consuming and expensive. Given that B-ALL is the most common childhood malignancy, alternative methods for processing B-ALL samples may be more cost-effective. In this pilot study, we use several readouts, including immune phenotype, cell viability, and leukemia-initiating capacity in immune-deficient mice, to directly compare the density gradient centrifugation and buffy coat processing methods. Our findings indicate that buffy coat isolation yields comparable BM-MNC product in terms of both immune and leukemia cell content and could provide a viable, lower cost alternative for biobanks processing pediatric leukemia samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure of the Multicenter Archipelago of Ovarian Cancer Research Biobank: A Potential Blueprint for Other Biobanks.","authors":"Hein S Zelisse, Sander de Ridder, Mignon D J M van Gent, Constantijne H Mom, G Bea A Wisman, Eva-Maria Roes, Anna K L Reyners, Jurgen M Piek, Gatske M Nieuwenhuyzen-de Boer, Christianne A R Lok, Cornelis D de Kroon, Loes F S Kooreman, Marc-Jan Janssen, Maurice Phm Jansen, Hugo M Horlings, Margriet Collée, Annegien Broeks, Ingrid A Boere, Joost Bart, Anne M van Altena, Marlou Heeling, I Matthijs Stoter, Quirinus J Voorham, Marc J van de Vijver, Frederike Dijk, Jeroen A M Belien","doi":"10.1089/bio.2023.0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2023.0118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> Biobanks play a crucial role in fundamental and translational research by storing valuable biomaterials and data for future analyses. However, the design of their information technology (IT) infrastructures is often customized to specific requirements, thereby lacking the ability to be used for biobanks comprising other (types of) diseases. This results in substantial costs, time, and efforts for each new biobank project. The Dutch multicenter Archipelago of Ovarian Cancer Research (AOCR) biobank has developed an innovative, reusable IT infrastructure capable of adaptation to various biobanks, thereby enabling cost-effective and efficient implementation and management of biobank IT systems. <b><i>Methods and Results:</i></b> The AOCR IT infrastructure incorporates preexisting biobank software, mainly managed by Health-RI. The web-based registration tool Ldot is used for secure storage and pseudonymization of patient data. Clinicopathological data are retrieved from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Dutch nationwide pathology databank (Palga), both established repositories, reducing administrative workload and ensuring high data quality. Metadata of collected biomaterials are stored in the OpenSpecimen system. For digital pathology research, a hematoxylin and eosin-stained slide from each patient's tumor is digitized and uploaded to Slide Score. Furthermore, adhering to the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles, genomic data derived from the AOCR samples are stored in cBioPortal. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The IT infrastructure of the AOCR biobank represents a new standard for biobanks, offering flexibility to handle diverse diseases and types of biomaterials. This infrastructure bypasses the need for disease-specific, custom-built software, thereby being cost- and time-effective while ensuring data quality and legislative compliance. The adaptability of this infrastructure highlights its potential to serve as a blueprint for the development of IT infrastructures in both new and existing biobanks.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140861734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Approach to Evaluate the Costs and Outputs of Academic Biobanks.","authors":"A. Rush, Daniel R. Catchpoole, Peter H Watson, Jennifer A. Byrne","doi":"10.1089/bio.2023.0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2023.0112","url":null,"abstract":"Academic biobanks commonly report sustainability challenges, which may be exacerbated by a lack of information on biobank value. To better understand the costs and supported outputs that contribute to biobank value, we developed a systematic, generalizable methodology to determine biobank inputs and publications arising from biobank-supported research. We then tested this in a small cohort (n = 12) of academic cancer biobanks in New South Wales, Australia. A proforma was developed to capture monetary and in-kind biobank costing data from biobank managers and publicly available sources. Participating biobanks were grouped and compared according to the following two classifications: open- versus restricted-access and high versus low total annual costs. Our methodology provides a feasible approach for capturing comprehensive costing data for a defined period. Characterization of biobanks using this approach showed that median total costs, as well as median staffing and in-kind costs, were comparable for open- and restricted-access biobanks, as were the quantity and journal impact metrics of supported publications. High- and low-cost biobanks supported similar median numbers of publications; however, high-cost biobanks supported publications with higher median journal impact factor and Altmetric scores. Overall, 9 of 10 biobanks had higher Field-Weighted Citation Impact scores than the global average for similar publications. This is the first tested, generalizable approach to analyze the costs and publications arising from biobank-supported research. By determining explicit cost and output data, academic biobanks, funders, and policymakers can engage in or support informed redirection of resourcing and/or benchmark setting with the aim of improving biobank support of research.","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140652538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Biobank Internship: Focusing on Undergraduates' Hands-on Experience in LMICs.","authors":"Amr M Abdelhameed, Hadeer Ghonim, Suha A Farraj, Remon S. Azer, Maryam Awadh, Laila Gadelrub","doi":"10.1089/bio.2024.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2024.0043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140653703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delta-S-Cys-Albumin as a Marker of Pediatric Biospecimen Integrity.","authors":"Schuyler Kremer, Valentina Shakhnovich, Amanda K Riffel, Lisa Harvey, Chad R Borges","doi":"10.1089/bio.2023.0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2023.0121","url":null,"abstract":"Blood plasma storage is a crucial element of pediatric biobanking. Improperly stored or handled specimens (e.g., at > -30°C) can result in altered biomolecular compositions that no longer reflects in vivo reality. We report application of a previously developed assay in adults-the ΔS-Cys-Albumin assay, which facilitates estimation of plasma and serum exposure to thawed conditions-to a population of pediatric EDTA plasma samples from patients aged 3-18 years to determine the assay's applicability, estimate its reference range for pediatric samples, and assess the impact of pre-centrifugation delay at 0°C. In addition, the effect of plasma thawed-state exposure to a range of times at 23°C, 4°C, and -20°C on ΔS-Cys-Albumin was evaluated. Using 98 precollected and processed pediatric EDTA plasma specimens, no difference was found in ΔS-Cys-Albumin under conditions of pre-centrifugation delay for up to 10 hours at 0°C. This lack of change allowed us to estimate a pediatric reference range for ΔS-Cys-Albumin of 7.0%-22.5% (mean of 12.8%) with a modest Pearson correlation between ΔS-Cys-Albumin and age (p = 0.0037, R2 = 0.29). ΔS-Cys-Albumin stability in six specimens at 23°C, 4°C, and -20°C was also evaluated. Plateaus in the decay curves were reached by 1 day, 7 days, and 14-28 days at these respective temperatures. The estimated pediatric reference range observed in children was lower than that previously observed in 180 adults of 12.3%-30.6% (mean of 20.0%), and the slope of the age correlation in children was twice as steep as that from adults. ΔS-Cys-Albumin decay curves at 23°C, 4°C, and -20°C were similar to those previously observed in adults. The data reported here support the use of ΔS-Cys-Albumin in evaluating the integrity and overall exposure of pediatric EDTA plasma specimens to thawed conditions. In doing so, they add an important quality control tool to the biobanker's arsenal.","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140666915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}