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Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics最新文献

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On Matti Häyry's "Exit Duty Generator". 关于 Matti Häyry 的 "退出义务生成器"。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000142
Karim Akerma
{"title":"On Matti Häyry's \"Exit Duty Generator\".","authors":"Karim Akerma","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000142","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Matti Häyry presents a new ethical theory that he calls \"conflict-responsive need-based negative utilitarianism.\"<sup>1</sup> In this commentary, I present my critical observations on his main points against the more general background of utilitarianism and theories of value.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"232-237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9536120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strategic Ambiguity: The Pragmatic Utopianism of Daniel Callahan's "Bioethics as a Discipline". 战略模糊性：丹尼尔-卡拉汉 "作为一门学科的生命伦理学 "的实用乌托邦主义。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000440
Mathias Schütz
{"title":"Strategic Ambiguity: The Pragmatic Utopianism of Daniel Callahan's \"Bioethics as a Discipline\".","authors":"Mathias Schütz","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000440","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article highlights the continuing relevance of a classic bioethical text, \"Bioethics as a Discipline,\" published by the Hastings Center's cofounder Daniel Callahan in 1973. Connecting the text's programmatic recommendations with later reflections and interventions Callahan wrote about the development of bioethics illuminates how the vision Callahan established and the reality this vision helped create were interrelated-just not in the way Callahan had hoped for. Although this portrait relies on an individual perception of the development of bioethics, it might nevertheless, through its unique linkage of different bioethical temporalities, contribute to a broader reassessment of what bioethics became and why.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"167-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10042585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Picture Theory of Disability. 残疾的图画理论
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-05 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000154
Steven J Firth
{"title":"The Picture Theory of Disability.","authors":"Steven J Firth","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000154","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The leading models of disability struggle to fully encompass all aspects of \"disability.\" This difficulty arises, the author argues, because the models fundamentally misunderstand the nature of disability. Current theoretical approaches to disability can be understood as \"nounal,\" in that they understand disability as a thing that is caused or embodied. In contrast, this paper presents an <i>adverbial</i> perspective on disability, which shows that disability is <i>experienced</i> as a personally irremediable impediment to daily-living tasks or goals-like-ours. The picture theory of disability technically constitutes a species of relational approach because its analysis references the interplay between an individual and their environment; it differs from other relational accounts, however, by interpreting disability as a certain kind of negative experience-rather than a function of that relationship. This purely descriptive theory makes no normative claims about disability and operates as both a mechanism for the evaluation of the experience of disability and a heuristic device for the proper interpretation of disability. When disability is reframed in this way, the theory offers a particularist perspective which <i>shows</i> if, when, where, and how disability is experienced.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"198-216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9248366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Applying the Peter Parker Principle to Healthcare. 将彼得-帕克原则应用于医疗保健。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180122000275
James E Stahl, William A Nelson
{"title":"Applying the Peter Parker Principle to Healthcare.","authors":"James E Stahl, William A Nelson","doi":"10.1017/S0963180122000275","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180122000275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of power in healthcare can raise many ethical challenges. Power is ownership, whether given, ceded, or taken of another person's autonomy. When a person has power over someone else, they can control or strongly influence the decision-making freedom of that person. From the principalist perspective<sup>1,2</sup> of healthcare ethics, denying a person their freedom to choose, should only occur when justifying conditions related to beneficence and nonmaleficence are sufficiently satisfied. In healthcare, it is rare to be able to identify situations where paternalism is justified. However, experience suggests that abusive power in healthcare is used too frequently without justifying criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"271-274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10356548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What's Wrong with Restrictivism? 限制主义有什么问题？
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180124000033
William M Simkulet
{"title":"What's Wrong with Restrictivism?","authors":"William M Simkulet","doi":"10.1017/S0963180124000033","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180124000033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emily Carroll and Parker Crutchfield propose a new inconsistency argument against abortion restrictivism. In response, I raised several objections to their argument. Recently Carroll and Crutchfield have replied and seem to be under the impression that I'm a restrictivist. This is puzzling, since my criticism of their view included a very thinly veiled, but purposely more charitable, anti-restrictivist inconsistency argument. In this response, I explain how Carroll and Crutchfield mischaracterize my position and that of the restrictivist.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"296-299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140040974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exit Duty Generator. 出口值班发电机。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1017/S096318012300004X
Matti Häyry
{"title":"Exit Duty Generator.","authors":"Matti Häyry","doi":"10.1017/S096318012300004X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S096318012300004X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents a revised version of negative utilitarianism. Previous versions have relied on a hedonistic theory of value and stated that suffering should be minimized. The traditional rebuttal is that the doctrine in this form morally requires us to end all sentient life. To avoid this, a need-based theory of value is introduced. The frustration of the needs not to suffer and not to have one's autonomy dwarfed should, <i>prima facie</i>, be decreased. When decreasing the need frustration of some would increase the need frustration of others, the case is deferred and a fuller ethical analysis is conducted. The author's perceptions on murder, extinction, the right to die, antinatalism, veganism, and abortion are used to reach a reflective equilibrium. The new theory is then applied to consumerism, material growth, and power relations. The main finding is that the burden of proof should be on those who promote the <i>status quo.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"217-231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Exceptionalism in the Evolution of Bioethical Regulation. 例外论在生物伦理法规演变中的作用。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000336
Sergei Shevchenko, Alexey Zhavoronkov
{"title":"The Role of Exceptionalism in the Evolution of Bioethical Regulation.","authors":"Sergei Shevchenko, Alexey Zhavoronkov","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000336","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper aims to present a critical analysis of the phenomenon and notion of exceptionalism in bioethics. The authors demonstrate that exceptionalism pertains to phenomena that are not (yet) entirely familiar to us and could potentially bear risks regarding their regulation. After an overview of the state of the art, we briefly describe the origins and evolution of the concept, compared to exception and exclusion. In the second step, they look at the overall development debates on genetic exceptionalism, compared to other bioethical debates on exceptionalism, before presenting a detailed analysis of a specific case of early regulation of genetic screening. In the last part, the authors explain the historical background behind the connection between exceptionalism and exclusion in these debates. Their main conclusion is that while the initial stage of the discussion is shaped by the concept of exceptionalism and awareness of risks of exclusion, the later development centers around exceptions that are needed in detailed regulatory procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"185-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9646286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bioethics Without Theory? 没有理论的生命伦理学？
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000348
Søren Holm
{"title":"Bioethics Without Theory?","authors":"Søren Holm","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000348","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The question that this paper tries to answer is Q: \"Can good academic bioethics be done without commitment to moral theory?\" It is argued that the answer to Q is an unequivocal \"Yes\" for most of what we could call \"critical bioethics,\" that is, the kind of bioethics work that primarily criticizes positions or arguments already in the literature or put forward by policymakers. The answer is also \"Yes\" for much of empirical bioethics. The second part of the paper then provides an analysis of Q in relation to \"constructive bioethics,\" that is, bioethics work aimed at providing an argument for a particular position. In this part, it is argued that a number of the approaches or methods used that initially look like they involve no commitment to moral theory, nevertheless, involve such a commitment. This is shown to be the case for reflective equilibrium, mid-level theory, the use of theory fragments, and argument by analogy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"159-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9874216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Baseball and Bioethics Revisited: The Pitch Clock and Age Discrimination in a Timeless Pastime. 棒球与生物伦理学再谈：永恒的业余时间里的球场时钟与年龄歧视。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1017/S096318012300049X
Joseph J Fins
{"title":"Baseball and Bioethics Revisited: The Pitch Clock and Age Discrimination in a Timeless Pastime.","authors":"Joseph J Fins","doi":"10.1017/S096318012300049X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S096318012300049X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this essay, the author reflects on a decade's old essay on baseball and bioethics inspired by a conversation with the late David Thomasma. In a reprise of his earlier paper, Fins worries that modernity has come to baseball with the advent of the pitch clock and that this innovation brings age discrimination to a timeless pastime.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"267-270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imposing a Lifestyle: A New Argument for Antinatalism. 强加一种生活方式：反生育主义的新论点。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000385
Matti Häyry, Amanda Sukenick
{"title":"Imposing a Lifestyle: A New Argument for Antinatalism.","authors":"Matti Häyry, Amanda Sukenick","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000385","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antinatalism is an emerging philosophy and practice that challenges pronatalism, the prevailing philosophy and practice in reproductive matters. We explore justifications of antinatalism-the arguments from the quality of life, the risk of an intolerable life, the lack of consent, and the asymmetry of good and bad-and argue that none of them supports a concrete, understandable, and convincing moral case for not having children. We identify concentration on possible future individuals who may or may not come to be as the main culprit for the failure and suggest that the focus should be shifted to people who already exist. Pronatalism's hegemonic status in contemporary societies imposes upon us a lifestyle that we have not chosen yet find almost impossible to abandon. We explicate the nature of this imposition and consider the implications of its exposure to different stakeholders with varying stands on the practice of antinatalism. Imposition as a term has figured in reproductive debates before, but the argument from postnatal, mental, and cultural imposition we launch is new. It is the hitherto overlooked and underdeveloped justification of antinatalism that should be solid and comprehensible enough to be used even by activists in support of their work.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"238-259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10253066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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