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Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics最新文献

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A Call to Revise the Declaration of Helsinki's Placebo Guidelines. 呼吁修订《赫尔辛基宣言》的安慰剂指南。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000397
Dien Ho
{"title":"A Call to Revise <i>the Declaration of Helsinki's</i> Placebo Guidelines.","authors":"Dien Ho","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000397","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since its introduction in 1964, the World Medical Association's <i>Declaration of Helsinki-Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects</i> has enshrined the importance of safeguarding the well-being of human subjects in clinical research. <i>The Declaration</i> has undergone seven revisions, often in response to requests for clarification. I want to argue that <i>the Declaration</i> is in need of another revision in light of recent discoveries in placebo research.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"141-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9874218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence and Human Enhancement: Can AI Technologies Make Us More (Artificially) Intelligent? 人工智能与人类增强：人工智能技术能否让我们更加（人工）智能？
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000464
Sven Nyholm
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Human Enhancement: Can AI Technologies Make Us More (Artificially) Intelligent?","authors":"Sven Nyholm","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000464","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper discusses two opposing views about the relation between artificial intelligence (AI) and human intelligence: on the one hand, a worry that heavy reliance on AI technologies might make people less intelligent and, on the other, a hope that AI technologies might serve as a form of cognitive enhancement. The worry relates to the notion that if we hand over too many intelligence-requiring tasks to AI technologies, we might end up with fewer opportunities to train our own intelligence. Concerning AI as a potential form of cognitive enhancement, the paper explores two possibilities: (1) AI as extending-and thereby enhancing-people's minds, and (2) AI as enabling people to behave in artificially intelligent ways. That is, using AI technologies might enable people to behave as if they have been cognitively enhanced. The paper considers such enhancements both on the level of individuals and on the level of groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"76-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10468291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
If You Must Give Them a Gift, Then Give Them the Gift of Nonexistence. 如果你必须给他们一份礼物，那就给他们一份 "不存在 "的礼物。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180122000317
Matti Häyry
{"title":"If You Must Give Them a Gift, Then Give Them the Gift of Nonexistence.","authors":"Matti Häyry","doi":"10.1017/S0963180122000317","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180122000317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I present a qualified new defense of antinatalism. It is intended to empower potential parents who worry about their possible children's life quality in a world threatened by environmental degradation, climate change, and the like. The main elements of the defense are an understanding of antinatalism's historical nature and contemporary varieties, a positional theory of value based on Epicurean hedonism and Schopenhauerian pessimism, and a sensitive guide for reproductive decision-making in the light of different views on life's value and risk-taking. My conclusion, main message, to the concerned would-be parents is threefold. If they believe that life's ordinary frustrations can make it not worth living, they should not have children. If they believe that a noticeably low life quality makes it not worth living and that such life quality can be reasonably expected, they should not have children, either. If they believe that a noticeably low life quality is not reasonably to be expected or that the risk is worth taking, they can, in the light of their own values and beliefs, have children. The conclusion is supported by a combination of the extant arguments for reproductive abstinence, namely the arguments from consent, moral asymmetry, life quality, and risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"48-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10682866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Daring to Taste: A Review of Living as a Bird by Vinciane Despret. 敢于品尝：Vinciane Despret 的《像鸟儿一样生活》评论。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000129
Jason D Keune
{"title":"Daring to Taste: A Review of <i>Living as a Bird</i> by Vinciane Despret.","authors":"Jason D Keune","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000129","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a certain sigh of relief-a sense of coming home-when encountering a concept that deeply reinforces a scholarly path that you have been on for over a decade, especially when that concept is better articulated than anything you have ever produced yourself. It was that home that I found in Vinciane Despret's <i>Living as a Bird.</i> My mind perked up when I read, \"if we are to sound like economists, there is also a price to be paid,\"<sup>1</sup> and then really connected with a sentence where she explains that in addition to being particularly punishing to read, studies of bird territories and territorialization, which are rooted in a clean, quantitative economics approach, have certain things that fail to be said, due to an \"element of negligence.\"<sup>2</sup> Finally, she turns to a quotation by Bruno Latour that rang wonderfully true with a sense of where I have lived over the last several years.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"143-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9240452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toward a Social Bioethics Through Interpretivism: A Framework for Healthcare Ethics. 通过诠释主义实现社会生物伦理学：医疗保健伦理框架》。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000452
Ryan J Dougherty, Joseph J Fins
{"title":"Toward a Social Bioethics Through Interpretivism: A Framework for Healthcare Ethics.","authors":"Ryan J Dougherty, Joseph J Fins","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000452","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent global events demonstrate that analytical frameworks to aid professionals in healthcare ethics must consider the pervasive role of social structures in the emergence of bioethical issues. To address this, the authors propose a new sociologically informed approach to healthcare ethics that they term \"social bioethics.\" Their approach is animated by the interpretive social sciences to highlight how social structures operate vis-à-vis the everyday practices and moral reasoning of individuals, a phenomenon known as social discourse. As an exemplar, the authors use social bioethics to reframe common ethical issues in psychiatric services and discuss potential implications. Lastly, the authors discuss how social bioethics illuminates the ways healthcare ethics consultants in both policy and clinical decision-making participate in and shape broader social, political, and economic systems, which then cyclically informs the design and delivery of healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"6-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10058571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Surrogacy and the Fiction of Medical Necessity. 代孕与医疗必要性的虚构。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000269
Teresa Baron
{"title":"Surrogacy and the Fiction of Medical Necessity.","authors":"Teresa Baron","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000269","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of countries and states prohibit surrogacy except in cases of \"medical necessity\" or for those with specific medical conditions. Healthcare providers in some countries have similar policies restricting the provision of clinical assistance in surrogacy. This paper argues that surrogacy is never medically necessary in any ordinary understanding of this term. The author aims to show first that surrogacy per se is a socio-legal intervention and not a medical one and, second, that the intervention in question does not treat, prevent, or mitigate any actual or potential harm to health. Legal regulations and healthcare-provider policies of this kind therefore codify a fiction-one which both obscures the socio-legal motivations for surrogacy and inhibits critical examination of those motivations while mobilizing normative connotations of appeals to medical need. The persisting distinction, in law and in moral discourse, between \"social\" and \"medical\" surrogacy, is unjustified.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"40-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9799390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On Moral Nose. 道德的鼻子
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180122000184
Fabrizio Turoldo
{"title":"On Moral Nose.","authors":"Fabrizio Turoldo","doi":"10.1017/S0963180122000184","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180122000184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are many authors who consider the so-called \"moral nose\" a valid epistemological tool in the field of morality. The expression was used by George Orwell, following in Friedrich Nietzsche's footsteps and was very clearly described by Leo Tolstoy. It has also been employed by authors such as Elisabeth Anscombe, Bernard Williams, Noam Chomsky, Stuart Hampshire, Mary Warnock, and Leon Kass. This article examines John Harris' detailed criticism of what he ironically calls the \"olfactory school of moral philosophy.\" Harris' criticism is contrasted with Jonathan Glover's defense of the moral nose. Glover draws some useful distinctions between the various meanings that the notion of moral nose can assume. Finally, the notion of moral nose is compared with classic notions such as Aristotelian phronesis, Heideggerian aletheia, and the concept of \"sentiment\" proposed by the philosopher Thomas Reid. The conclusion reached is that morality cannot be based only on reason, or-as David Hume would have it-only on feelings.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"102-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10724787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lost in Translation. 翻译中的迷失
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000403
Robert A Burton
{"title":"Lost in Translation.","authors":"Robert A Burton","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000403","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Scleroderma,\" the rheumatologist said after examining my stiff swollen arms and legs. \"Unfortunately, given your biomarkers, it's likely to get worse before it gets better, but you never know.\" She gave a quick rundown of what I might expect-rapidly progressive skin and joint tightening, GI symptoms, high likelihood of multi-organ involvement…. \"Let's hope for the best.\" She paused, then asked if I had any questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"135-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10037253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Breathe. 呼吸。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000373
Renee J Flores
{"title":"Breathe.","authors":"Renee J Flores","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000373","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a personal essay about breasts. It focuses on my experiences as a young girl, moving through adolescence to a history of breast cancer in my family, including my mother's breast cancer diagnosis. As a physician, patient, and wife, I reflect on the choices that I have to make and what this means for my identity as a woman and mother.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"137-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Xenotransplantation Can Be Safe-A Reply. 异种器官移植是安全的--答复。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180122000767
Joachim Denner
{"title":"Xenotransplantation Can Be Safe-A Reply.","authors":"Joachim Denner","doi":"10.1017/S0963180122000767","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180122000767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"148-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10536142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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