Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics最新文献_第10页

Capacity Reconceptualized: From Assessment Tool to Clinical Intervention. 重新认识能力：从评估工具到临床干预

IF 1.8 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-24 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000105

Omar F Mirza, Jacob M Appel

引用次数: 2

More Process, Less Principles: The Ethics of Deploying AI and Robotics in Medicine. 多过程，少原则：在医学中部署人工智能和机器人技术的伦理问题》（The Ethics of Deploying AI and Robotics in Medicine）。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000087

Amitabha Palmer, David Schwan

{"title":"More Process, Less Principles: The Ethics of Deploying AI and Robotics in Medicine.","authors":"Amitabha Palmer, David Schwan","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000087","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000087","url":null,"abstract":"Current national and international guidelines for the ethical design and development of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics emphasize ethical theory. Various governing and advisory bodies have generated sets of broad ethical principles, which institutional decisionmakers are encouraged to apply to particular practical decisions. Although much of this literature examines the ethics of designing and developing AI and robotics, medical institutions typically must make purchase and deployment decisions about technologies that have already been designed and developed. The primary problem facing medical institutions is not one of ethical design but of ethical deployment. The purpose of this paper is to develop a practical model by which medical institutions may make ethical deployment decisions about ready-made advanced technologies. Our slogan is \"more process, less principles.\" Ethically sound decisionmaking requires that the process by which medical institutions make such decisions include participatory, deliberative, and conservative elements. We argue that our model preserves the strengths of existing frameworks, avoids their shortcomings, and delivers its own moral, practical, and epistemic advantages.","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"121-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9446319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vulnerability Ethics, Abortion, and Organ Donation 脆弱性伦理、堕胎和器官捐赠

IF 1.8 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1017/s0963180123000579

Elizabeth Latham

引用次数: 0

Leveraging a Sturdy Norm: How Ethicists Really Argue? 利用坚固的规范：伦理学家究竟如何争论？

IF 1.8 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1017/s0963180123000592

David DeGrazia

引用次数: 0

Teaching Bioethics Today: Waking from Dogmatic Curricular Slumbers. 《今日生物伦理学教学：从教条式的课程沉睡中醒来》。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000178

Leonard M Fleck

引用次数: 0

Theoretical Neurobiology of Consciousness Applied to Human Cerebral Organoids. 意识的理论神经生物学应用于人类大脑类器官。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000543

Matthew Owen, Zirui Huang, Catherine Duclos, Andrea Lavazza, Matteo Grasso, Anthony G Hudetz

{"title":"Theoretical Neurobiology of Consciousness Applied to Human Cerebral Organoids.","authors":"Matthew Owen, Zirui Huang, Catherine Duclos, Andrea Lavazza, Matteo Grasso, Anthony G Hudetz","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000543","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000543","url":null,"abstract":"Organoids and specifically human cerebral organoids (HCOs) are one of the most relevant novelties in the field of biomedical research. Grown either from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, HCOs can be used as in vitro three-dimensional models, mimicking the developmental process and organization of the developing human brain. Based on that, and despite their current limitations, it cannot be assumed that they will never at any stage of development manifest some rudimentary form of consciousness. In the absence of behavioral indicators of consciousness, the theoretical neurobiology of consciousness being applied to unresponsive brain-injured patients can be considered with respect to HCOs. In clinical neurology, it is difficult to discern a capacity for consciousness in unresponsive brain-injured patients who provide no behavioral indicators of consciousness. In such scenarios, a validated neurobiological theory of consciousness, which tells us what the neural mechanisms of consciousness are, could be used to identify a capacity for consciousness. Like the unresponsive patients that provide a diagnostic difficulty for neurologists, HCOs provide no behavioral indicators of consciousness. Therefore, this article discusses how three prominent neurobiological theories of consciousness apply to human cerebral organoids. From the perspective of the Temporal Circuit Hypothesis, the Global Neuronal Workspace Theory, and the Integrated Information Theory, we discuss what neuronal structures and functions might indicate that cerebral organoids have a neurobiological capacity to be conscious.","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subject and Family Perspectives from the Central Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Trial for Traumatic Brain Injury: Part II. 中枢丘脑深部脑刺激试验治疗创伤性脑损伤的受试者和家庭视角：第二部分。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000518

Joseph J Fins, Megan S Wright, Kaiulani S Shulman, Jaimie M Henderson, Nicholas D Schiff

{"title":"Subject and Family Perspectives from the Central Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Trial for Traumatic Brain Injury: Part II.","authors":"Joseph J Fins, Megan S Wright, Kaiulani S Shulman, Jaimie M Henderson, Nicholas D Schiff","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000518","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000518","url":null,"abstract":"This is the second paper in a two-part series describing subject and family perspectives from the CENTURY-S (CENtral Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain InjURY-Safety) first-in-human invasive neurological device trial to achieve cognitive restoration in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI). To participate, subjects were independently assessed to formally establish decision-making capacity to provide voluntary informed consent. Here, we report on post-operative interviews conducted after a successful trial of thalamic stimulation. All five msTBI subjects met a pre-selected primary endpoint of at least a 10% improvement in completion time on Trail-Making-Test Part B, a marker of executive function. We describe narrative responses of subjects and family members, refracted against that success. Interviews following surgery and the stimulation trial revealed the challenge of adaptation to improvements in cognitive function and emotional regulation as well as altered (and restored) relationships and family dynamics. These improvements exposed barriers to social reintegration made relevant by recoveries once thought inconceivable. The study's success sparked concerns about post-trial access to implanted devices, financing of device maintenance, battery replacement, and on-going care. Most subjects and families identified the need for supportive counseling to adapt to the new trajectory of their lives.","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hard Choices: How Does Injustice Affect the Ethics of Medical Aid in Dying? 艰难抉择：不公正如何影响临终医疗救助的伦理？

IF 1.8 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000531

Brent M Kious

引用次数: 0

Xenotransplantation Clinical Trials and Equitable Patient Selection. 异种移植临床试验和公平的患者选择。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1017/S096318012300052X

Christopher Bobier, Daniel Rodger

引用次数: 0

Federalism for Bioethics? 生物伦理学的联邦制?

IF 1.8 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4540992

L. Francis, J. Francis

{"title":"Federalism for Bioethics?","authors":"L. Francis, J. Francis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4540992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4540992","url":null,"abstract":"In the wake of the Dobbs decision withdrawing federal constitutional protection for reproductive rights, the United States is in the throes of federalist conflicts. Some states are enacting draconian prohibitions of abortion or gender-affirming care, whereas other states are attempting to shield providers and their patients seeking care. This article explores standard arguments supporting federalism, including that it allows for cultural differences to remain along with a structure that provides for the advantages of common security and commerce, that it provides a laboratory for confined experiments, that it is government closer to the people and thus more informed about local needs and preferences, and that it creates layers of government that can constrain one another and thus doubly protect rights. We contend that these arguments do not justify significant differences among states with respect to the recognition of important aspects of well-being; significant injustices among subnational units cannot be justified by federalism. However, as nonideal theorists, we also observe that federalism presents the possibility of some states protecting rights that others do not. Assuming that movement among subnational units is protected, those who are fortunate enough to be able to travel will be able to access rights they cannot access at home. Nonetheless, movement may not be readily available to minors, people without documentation, people with disabilities, people who lack economic resources, or people who have responsibilities that preclude travel. Only rights protection at the federal level will suffice in such cases.","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":"115 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79351829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0