Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics最新文献_第7页

Xenotransplantation Clinical Trials and Equitable Patient Selection. 异种移植临床试验和公平的患者选择。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1017/S096318012300052X

Christopher Bobier, Daniel Rodger

引用次数: 0

Ethics Education in Health Sciences Should Engage Contentious Social Issues: Here Is Why and How. 健康科学伦理教育应涉及有争议的社会问题：原因和方法如下。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000567

Jon Tilburt, Fred Hafferty, Andrea Leep Hunderfund, Ellen Meltzer, Bjorg Thorsteinsdottir

{"title":"Ethics Education in Health Sciences Should Engage Contentious Social Issues: Here Is Why and How.","authors":"Jon Tilburt, Fred Hafferty, Andrea Leep Hunderfund, Ellen Meltzer, Bjorg Thorsteinsdottir","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000567","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000567","url":null,"abstract":"Teaching ethics is crucial to health sciences education. Doing it well requires a willingness to engage contentious social issues. Those issues introduce conflict and risk, but avoiding them ignores moral diversity and renders the work of ethics education irrelevant. Therefore, when (not if) contentious issues and moral differences arise, they must be acknowledged and can be addressed with humility, collegiality, and openness to support learning. Faculty must risk moments when not everyone will \"feel safe,\" so the candor implied in psychological safety can emerge. The deliberative and social work of ethics education involves generous listening, wading into difference, and wondering together if our beliefs and arguments are as sound as we once thought. By forecasting the need for candid engagement with contentious issues and moral difference, establishing ground rules, and bolstering due process structures for faculty and students, a riskier and more relevant ethics pedagogy can emerge. Doing so will prepare everyone for the moral diversity they can expect in our common life and in practice.","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"435-439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Virtues of Interpretable Medical AI. 可解释医疗人工智能的优点。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180122000664

Joshua Hatherley, Robert Sparrow, Mark Howard

{"title":"The Virtues of Interpretable Medical AI.","authors":"Joshua Hatherley, Robert Sparrow, Mark Howard","doi":"10.1017/S0963180122000664","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180122000664","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have demonstrated impressive performance across a variety of clinical tasks. However, notoriously, sometimes these systems are \"black boxes.\" The initial response in the literature was a demand for \"explainable AI.\" However, recently, several authors have suggested that making AI more explainable or \"interpretable\" is likely to be at the cost of the accuracy of these systems and that prioritizing interpretability in medical AI may constitute a \"lethal prejudice.\" In this paper, we defend the value of interpretability in the context of the use of AI in medicine. Clinicians may prefer interpretable systems over more accurate black boxes, which in turn is sufficient to give designers of AI reason to prefer more interpretable systems in order to ensure that AI is adopted and its benefits realized. Moreover, clinicians may be justified in this preference. Achieving the downstream benefits from AI is critically dependent on how the outputs of these systems are interpreted by physicians and patients. A preference for the use of highly accurate black box AI systems, over less accurate but more interpretable systems, may itself constitute a form of lethal prejudice that may diminish the benefits of AI to-and perhaps even harm-patients.","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"323-332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10514452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning to Live with Strange Error: Beyond Trustworthiness in Artificial Intelligence Ethics. 学会与奇怪的错误共存：超越人工智能伦理中的可信性》。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180122000688

Charles Rathkopf, Bert Heinrichs

{"title":"Learning to Live with Strange Error: Beyond Trustworthiness in Artificial Intelligence Ethics.","authors":"Charles Rathkopf, Bert Heinrichs","doi":"10.1017/S0963180122000688","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180122000688","url":null,"abstract":"Position papers on artificial intelligence (AI) ethics are often framed as attempts to work out technical and regulatory strategies for attaining what is commonly called trustworthy AI. In such papers, the technical and regulatory strategies are frequently analyzed in detail, but the concept of trustworthy AI is not. As a result, it remains unclear. This paper lays out a variety of possible interpretations of the concept and concludes that none of them is appropriate. The central problem is that, by framing the ethics of AI in terms of trustworthiness, we reinforce unjustified anthropocentric assumptions that stand in the way of clear analysis. Furthermore, even if we insist on a purely epistemic interpretation of the concept, according to which trustworthiness just means measurable reliability, it turns out that the analysis will, nevertheless, suffer from a subtle form of anthropocentrism. The paper goes on to develop the concept of strange error, which serves both to sharpen the initial diagnosis of the inadequacy of trustworthy AI and to articulate the novel epistemological situation created by the use of AI. The paper concludes with a discussion of how strange error puts pressure on standard practices of assessing moral culpability, particularly in the context of medicine.","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"333-345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10553771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: The Ethical Implications of Using AI in Medicine. 社论：在医学中使用人工智能的伦理意义。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000671

Orsolya Friedrich, Sebastian Schleidgen

引用次数: 0

Reflection Machines: Supporting Effective Human Oversight Over Medical Decision Support Systems. 反思机器：支持人类对医疗决策支持系统的有效监督。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180122000718

Pim Haselager, Hanna Schraffenberger, Serge Thill, Simon Fischer, Pablo Lanillos, Sebastiaan van de Groes, Miranda van Hooff

{"title":"Reflection Machines: Supporting Effective Human Oversight Over Medical Decision Support Systems.","authors":"Pim Haselager, Hanna Schraffenberger, Serge Thill, Simon Fischer, Pablo Lanillos, Sebastiaan van de Groes, Miranda van Hooff","doi":"10.1017/S0963180122000718","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180122000718","url":null,"abstract":"Human decisions are increasingly supported by decision support systems (DSS). Humans are required to remain \"on the loop,\" by monitoring and approving/rejecting machine recommendations. However, use of DSS can lead to overreliance on machines, reducing human oversight. This paper proposes \"reflection machines\" (RM) to increase meaningful human control. An RM provides a medical expert not with suggestions for a decision, but with questions that stimulate reflection about decisions. It can refer to data points or suggest counterarguments that are less compatible with the planned decision. RMs think against the proposed decision in order to increase human resistance against automation complacency. Building on preliminary research, this paper will (1) make a case for deriving a set of design requirements for RMs from EU regulations, (2) suggest a way how RMs could support decision-making, (3) describe the possibility of how a prototype of an RM could apply to the medical domain of chronic low back pain, and (4) highlight the importance of exploring an RM's functionality and the experiences of users working with it.","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"380-389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10514450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine Ethics in Care: Could a Moral Avatar Enhance the Autonomy of Care-Dependent Persons? 护理中的机器伦理：道德阿凡达能否增强依赖护理者的自主性？

IF 1.5 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000555

Catrin Misselhorn

引用次数: 0

Healthy Mistrust: Medical Black Box Algorithms, Epistemic Authority, and Preemptionism. 健康的不信任：医疗黑盒算法、认识论权威和先发制人。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000646

Andreas Wolkenstein

引用次数: 0

Sam's Story: Reflections on Suicide and the Doctor/Patient Relationship. 山姆的故事：关于自杀和医患关系的思考》。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000610

William Andereck

引用次数: 0

Naming and Describing Disability in Law and Medicine. 在法律和医学中命名和描述残疾。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180123000609

Heloise Robinson, Jonathan Herring

{"title":"Naming and Describing Disability in Law and Medicine.","authors":"Heloise Robinson, Jonathan Herring","doi":"10.1017/S0963180123000609","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0963180123000609","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the effects of naming and describing disability in law and medicine. Instead of focusing on substantive issues like medical treatment or legal rights, it will address questions which arise in relation to the use of language itself. When a label which is attached to a disability is associated with a negative meaning, this can have a profound effect on the individual concerned and can create stigma. Overly negative descriptions of disabilities can be misleading, not only for the individual, but also more broadly in society, if there are inaccurate perceptions about disability in the social context. This article will examine some relevant examples of terminology, where these issues arise. It will also suggest that the role of medicine and the law in naming and describing disability is particularly important because in these areas there is, perhaps more than anywhere else, a recognized source of authority for the choice of terminology. Labels and descriptions used in the medical and legal contexts can not only perpetuate existing stigmatization of disabled people, but can also contribute to creating stigma at its source, given that the words used in these contexts can constitute an exercise of power.","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"401-412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0