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Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics最新文献

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The Impact of a Study Trip to Auschwitz: Place-based Learning for Bioethics Education and Professional Identity Formation. 奥斯维辛学习之旅的影响：基于地点的生物伦理教育学习与专业身份的形成。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180124000306
Maxwell Li, Ramona Stamatin, Hedy S Wald, Jason Adam Wasserman
{"title":"The Impact of a Study Trip to Auschwitz: Place-based Learning for Bioethics Education and Professional Identity Formation.","authors":"Maxwell Li, Ramona Stamatin, Hedy S Wald, Jason Adam Wasserman","doi":"10.1017/S0963180124000306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180124000306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are increasing calls for coverage of medicine during the Holocaust in medical school curricula. This article describes outcomes from a Holocaust and medicine educational program featuring a study trip to Poland, which focused on physician complicity during the Holocaust, as well as moral courage in health professionals who demonstrated various forms of resistance in the ghettos and concentration camps. The trip included tours of key sites in Krakow, Oswiecim, and the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camps, as well as meeting with survivors, lectures, reflective writings, and discussions. In-depth interviews and reflective writings were qualitatively analyzed. Resulting themes centered on greater understanding of the relationship between bioethics and the Holocaust, recognizing the need for moral courage and social awareness, deeper appreciation for the historical roles played by dehumanization and medical power and their contemporary manifestations, and the power of presence and experiential learning for bioethics education and professional identity formation. These findings evidence the significant impact of the experience and suggest broader adoption of pedagogies that include place-based and experiential learning coupled with critical reflection can amplify the impact of bioethics and humanism education as well as the process of professional identity formation of medical students.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bioethics and the Value of Human Life. 生物伦理学与人类生命的价值。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180124000331
Matti Häyry
{"title":"Bioethics and the Value of Human Life.","authors":"Matti Häyry","doi":"10.1017/S0963180124000331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180124000331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioethics as a philosophical discipline deals with matters of life and death. How it deals with them, however, depends on the kind of life particular bioethicists focus on and the kind of value they assign to it. Natural-law ethicists and conservative Kantians emphasize biological human life regardless of its developmental stage. Integrative bioethicists also embrace nonhuman life if it can be protected without harming humans. Liberal and utilitarian moralists concentrate on life that is sentient and aware of itself, to the exclusion of biological existence devoid of these. Extinctionist and antinatalist philosophers believe that life's value is negative and that its misery should be alleviated and terminated by not bringing new individuals into existence. As the last-mentioned approach reverses the idea of life's positive value, it could be called oibethics.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interprofessional Ethics Simulations and Debriefing to Develop Collaborative Skills 跨专业伦理模拟和汇报，培养协作技能
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1017/s096318012400029x
Amy Haddad, Kimberley Begley, Ann Ryan Haddad
{"title":"Interprofessional Ethics Simulations and Debriefing to Develop Collaborative Skills","authors":"Amy Haddad, Kimberley Begley, Ann Ryan Haddad","doi":"10.1017/s096318012400029x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s096318012400029x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Interprofessional Education Collaborative’s (IPEC’s) core competencies are accreditation standards of most, if not all, healthcare professions (Interprofessional Education Collaborative Expert Panel [2016, <span>Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice: 2016 Update.</span> Washington, DC: IPEC]). Limited literature exists on interprofessional (IP) learning outcomes in healthcare ethics; even fewer studies include debrief sessions. Interprofessional education (IPE) case discussion using web-based technology is a promising way to incorporate ethics content. This article summarizes a model for healthcare programs to create, conduct, and assess synchronous IPE ethics discussions and debrief sessions. Specifically, this article highlights debrief sessions that followed a standardized patient (SP) IP interaction with students from pharmacy and advanced practice nursing. Qualitative analysis of debrief comments identified four themes: the benefit of IP collaboration, the importance of patient-centered care, the need to adapt clinical recommendations with ethical challenges, and the importance of trust among team members. The findings indicate web-based, synchronous IP/SP ethics simulations and debrief sessions are an effective, albeit laborious, method for collaboration and reflection.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why Not Phase Out Animal Experimentation? Considering Objections from Freedom of Inquiry and Cross-Border Displacement 为什么不逐步停止动物实验？考虑来自调查自由和跨境流离失所的反对意见
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1017/s0963180124000288
Nico D. Müller
{"title":"Why Not Phase Out Animal Experimentation? Considering Objections from Freedom of Inquiry and Cross-Border Displacement","authors":"Nico D. Müller","doi":"10.1017/s0963180124000288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0963180124000288","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Animal experimentation raises value conflicts between animal protection and other goods, such as freedom of inquiry or health and safety. If governments can phase out the practice by non-prohibitive incentive-setting, the <span>pro tanto</span> moral rationale for doing so is obvious. So why should they not? This article first sketches a fictional scenario in which a government adopts a phase-out plan for animal experimentation. It then considers two moral objections to this plan: First, the plan unduly restricts freedom of inquiry, and second, it merely displaces animal experimentation across borders and thus fails to reduce animal suffering. Both arguments are refined premise by premise to articulate their strongest versions. The two objections can help to narrow down desiderata for good phase-out plans. However, they do not provide a compelling case against phase-out planning as such because they miss its incremental and constructive nature. Unless better arguments can be provided, it appears that government inaction on phasing out animal experimentation lacks moral justification.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":"283 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gray Rainbows. 灰色彩虹
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180124000276
Robert Burton
{"title":"Gray Rainbows.","authors":"Robert Burton","doi":"10.1017/S0963180124000276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180124000276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"You fooled me. I never dreamt,\" George said to the pasty gray face in the mirror. As a child, he had worked out complicated schemes of how the world must be constructed. This led to that, and that led to this. When this and that no longer fit together, he began to squint, and limit his view to the essential. At any moment, the sky might break open and rain body parts and end times. He never imagined that it would be colors that would give way.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Operationalizing the Intolerable Suffering Criterion in Advance Requests for Medical Assistance in Dying for People Living with Dementia in Canada. 加拿大痴呆症患者死亡医疗协助预先申请中难以忍受的痛苦标准的操作化。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180124000264
Hayden P Nix
{"title":"Operationalizing the Intolerable Suffering Criterion in Advance Requests for Medical Assistance in Dying for People Living with Dementia in Canada.","authors":"Hayden P Nix","doi":"10.1017/S0963180124000264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180124000264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Canada, there is interest in expanding medical assistance in dying (MAID) to include advance requests (AR) for people living with dementia (PLWD). However, operationalizing the intolerable suffering criterion for MAID in ARs for PLWD is complicated by the Canadian legal context-in which MAID is understood as a medical intervention and suffering is conceptualized as subjective-and the degenerative nature of dementia. ARs that express a wish to receive MAID when the PLWD develops pre-specified impairments are problematic because people are unlikely to accurately predict the conditions that will cause intolerable suffering. ARs that express a wish to receive MAID when the PLWD exhibits pre-specified behaviors that likely represent suffering are problematic because they are inconsistent with the subjective conceptualization of suffering. Further research is required to determine whether adopting an objective conceptualization of suffering is justified in these cases and, if so, how to reliably identify intolerable suffering in PLWD.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When Suicide is not a Self-Killing: Advance Decisions and Psychological Discontinuity-Part II. 当自杀不是自尽时：预先决定和心理中断--第二部分。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180124000239
Suzanne E Dowie
{"title":"When Suicide is not a <i>Self</i>-Killing: Advance Decisions and Psychological Discontinuity-Part II.","authors":"Suzanne E Dowie","doi":"10.1017/S0963180124000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180124000239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Derek Parfit's view of personal identity raises questions about whether advance decisions refusing life-saving treatment should be honored in cases where a patient loses psychological continuity; it implies that these advance decisions would not be <i>self</i>-determining at all. However, rather than accepting that an unknown metaphysical 'further fact' underpins agential unity, one can accept Parfit's view but offer a different account of what it implies morally. Part II of this article argues that contractual obligations provide a moral basis for honoring advance decisions refusing life-saving and/or life-sustaining medical treatment; advance decisions have similarities to contracts, such as life insurance policies and will-contracts, that come into effect when the psychological discontinuity is through death.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The "Life" of the Mind: Persons and Survival. 心灵的 "生命"：人与生存。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180124000082
John Harris
{"title":"The \"Life\" of the Mind: Persons and Survival.","authors":"John Harris","doi":"10.1017/S0963180124000082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180124000082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A life of the mind can be lived only by creatures who know that they have minds. We call these creatures \"persons,\" and currently, all such persons THAT we know OF are \"alive\" in the biological sense. But are there, or could there be, either in the future or elsewhere in the universe, creatures with \"a life of the mind\" that are not \"alive\" in the sense that we humans usually understand this term today?</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identifying Relevant Topics for Inclusion in an Ethics Curriculum for Anesthesiology Trainees: A Survey of Practitioners in the Field 确定麻醉学受训人员伦理课程的相关主题：对该领域从业人员的调查
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/s0963180124000240
Madeline J. Pence, Raymond A. Pla, Eric Heinz, Rundell Douglas, Eduard Shaykhinurov, Breanne Jacobs
{"title":"Identifying Relevant Topics for Inclusion in an Ethics Curriculum for Anesthesiology Trainees: A Survey of Practitioners in the Field","authors":"Madeline J. Pence, Raymond A. Pla, Eric Heinz, Rundell Douglas, Eduard Shaykhinurov, Breanne Jacobs","doi":"10.1017/s0963180124000240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0963180124000240","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anesthesiology training programs are tasked with equipping trainees with the skills to become medically and ethically competent in the practice of anesthesia and to be prepared to obtain board certification, yet there is currently no standardized ethics curriculum within anesthesia training programs in the United States. To bridge this gap, and to provide a validated ethics curriculum to meet the aforementioned needs, in July 2021, a survey was sent to anesthesia scholars in the field of biomedical ethics to identify key areas that should be included in such an ethics curriculum. The responses were rated on a Likert scale and ranked. This paper identifies the top ten topics identified as high priority for inclusion in an anesthesiology training program and consequently deemed most relevant to meet the educational needs of graduates of an anesthesiology residency: (1) capacity to consent; (2) capacity to refuse elective versus lifesaving treatment; (3) application of surrogate decisionmaking; (4) approach to do not resuscitate (DNR) status in the operating room; (5) patient autonomy and advance directives; (6) navigating patient beliefs that may impair care; (7) “futility” in end-of-life care: when to withdraw life support; (8) disclosure of medical errors; (9) clinical criteria for “brain death” and consequences of this definition; and (10) the impaired anesthesiologist.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
AI-Inclusivity in Healthcare: Motivating an Institutional Epistemic Trust Perspective 医疗保健领域的人工智能包容性：从机构认识论信任的视角出发
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/s0963180124000215
Kritika Maheshwari, Christoph Jedan, Imke Christiaans, Mariëlle van Gijn, Els Maeckelberghe, Mirjam Plantinga
{"title":"AI-Inclusivity in Healthcare: Motivating an Institutional Epistemic Trust Perspective","authors":"Kritika Maheshwari, Christoph Jedan, Imke Christiaans, Mariëlle van Gijn, Els Maeckelberghe, Mirjam Plantinga","doi":"10.1017/s0963180124000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0963180124000215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper motivates institutional epistemic trust as an important ethical consideration informing the responsible development and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies (or AI-inclusivity) in healthcare. Drawing on recent literature on epistemic trust and public trust in science, we start by examining the conditions under which we can have institutional epistemic trust in AI-inclusive healthcare systems and their members as providers of medical information and advice. In particular, we discuss that institutional epistemic trust in AI-inclusive healthcare depends, in part, on the reliability of AI-inclusive medical practices and programs, its knowledge and understanding among different stakeholders involved, its effect on epistemic and communicative duties and burdens on medical professionals and, finally, its interaction and alignment with the public’s ethical values and interests as well as background sociopolitical conditions against which AI-inclusive healthcare systems are embedded. To assess the applicability of these conditions, we explore a recent proposal for AI-inclusivity within the Dutch Newborn Screening Program. In doing so, we illustrate the importance, scope, and potential challenges of fostering and maintaining institutional epistemic trust in a context where generating, assessing, and providing reliable and timely screening results for genetic risk is of high priority. Finally, to motivate the general relevance of our discussion and case study, we end with suggestions for strategies, interventions, and measures for AI-inclusivity in healthcare more widely.</p>","PeriodicalId":55300,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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