Clinical & Developmental Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Elevated cerebrospinal fluid neopterin concentration is associated with disease severity in acute Puumala hantavirus infection.","authors":"Timo Hautala,&nbsp;Terhi Partanen,&nbsp;Tarja Sironen,&nbsp;Saara-Mari Rajaniemi,&nbsp;Nina Hautala,&nbsp;Olli Vainio,&nbsp;Olli Vapalahti,&nbsp;Heikki Kauma,&nbsp;Antti Vaheri","doi":"10.1155/2013/634632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/634632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nephropathia epidemica (NE) caused by Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) is the most common hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe. The infection activates immunological mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis and characteristics of the illness. In this study we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neopterin concentration from 23 acute-phase NE patients. We collected data on kidney function, markers of tissue permeability, haemodynamic properties, blood cell count, length of hospitalisation, inflammatory parameters, and ophthalmological properties. The neopterin levels were elevated (> 5.8 nmol/L) in 22 (96%) NE-patients (mean 45.8 nmol/L); these were especially high in patients with intrathecal PUUV-IgM production (mean 58.2 nmol/L, P = 0.01) and those with elevated CSF protein concentrations (mean 63.6 nmol/L, P < 0.05). We also observed a correlation between the neopterin and high plasma creatinine value (r = 0.66, P = 0.001), low blood thrombocyte count (r = -0.42, P < 0.05), and markedly disturbed refractory properties of an eye (r = 0.47, P < 0.05). Length of hospitalisation correlated with the neopterin (r = 0.42, P < 0.05; male patients r = 0.69, P < 0.01). Patients with signs of tissue oedema and increased permeability also had high neopterin concentrations. These results reinforce the view that PUUV-HFRS is a general infection that affects the central nervous system and the blood-brain barrier.</p>","PeriodicalId":55254,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Developmental Immunology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"634632"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/634632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31689220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In utero hepatocellular transplantation in rats.","authors":"Emma Muñoz-Sáez,&nbsp;Estefanía de Munck,&nbsp;Paloma Maganto,&nbsp;Cristina Escudero,&nbsp;Begoña G Miguel,&nbsp;Rosa María Arahuetes","doi":"10.1155/2013/562037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/562037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work represents a step forward in the experimental design of an in utero hepatocellular transplantation model in rats. We focused on the enrichment optimization of isolated fetal hepatocytes suspension, arranging the surgery methodology of in utero transplantation, monitoring the biodistribution of the transplanted hepatocytes, and assessing the success of the transplants. Rat fetuses have been transplanted at the 17th embryonic day (ED17) with fetal hepatocytes isolated from rats at the end of pregnancy (ED21). We assessed possible differences between lymphocyte population, CD4 positive, CD8 positive, double-positive T-cells, and anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukins 4 and 10 (IL4 and IL10) as well. Cellular viability reached the rates of 90-95%. Transplanted groups had a limited success. Transplanted hepatocytes were not able to pass through the hematoplacental barrier. The hepatocytes injected were primarily located in the liver. There was an upward trend in the whole amount of T CD4 and T CD8 cells. There was an increased IL4 in the transplanted groups observed in the pregnant rats. The possibility to induce tolerance in fetuses with a hepatocyte transplant in utero could be a key point to avoid the immunosuppression treatments which must be undergone by transplanted patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":55254,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Developmental Immunology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"562037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/562037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31755620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research of the methylation status of miR-124a gene promoter among rheumatoid arthritis patients.","authors":"Qiao Zhou,&nbsp;Li Long,&nbsp;Guixiu Shi,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Tong Wu,&nbsp;Bin Zhou","doi":"10.1155/2013/524204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/524204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the methylation status of miR-124a loci in synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>DNA obtained from the frozen tissue of 7 RA samples, 6 osteoarthritis (OA) samples, and 3 healthy controls were undergoing bisulfite conversion and then analyzed for miR-124a promoter methylation using MSP assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>miR-124-a1 and miR-124-a2 promoter methylation were both seen in 71.4% of RA samples compared to 16.7% of OA samples. miR-124-a3 promoter methylation was seen in 57.1% of RA samples and 0% of OA samples. All the three loci were unmethylated in 3 healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The methylation status of miR-124a seen in this study concurs with that reported in tumor cells, indicating epigenetic dysregulation constituents, a mechanism in the development of rheumatoid arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":55254,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Developmental Immunology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"524204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/524204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31858847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the early diagnoses and assessment of rejection in vascularized composite allotransplantation.","authors":"Ravi Starzl,&nbsp;Gerald Brandacher,&nbsp;W P Andrew Lee,&nbsp;Jaime Carbonell,&nbsp;Wensheng Zhang,&nbsp;Jonas Schnider,&nbsp;Vijay Gorantla,&nbsp;Stefan Schneeberger,&nbsp;Xin Xiao Zheng","doi":"10.1155/2013/402980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/402980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emerging field of vascular composite allotransplantation (VCA) has become a clinical reality. Building upon cutting edge understandings of transplant surgery and immunology, complex grafts such as hands and faces can now be transplanted with success. Many of the challenges that have historically been limiting factors in transplantation, such as rejection and the morbidity of immunosuppression, remain challenges in VCA. Because of the accessibility of most VCA grafts, and the highly immunogenic nature of the skin in particular, VCA has become the focal point for cross-disciplinary approaches to developing novel approaches for some of the most challenging immunological problems in transplantation, particularly the early diagnoses and assessment of rejection. This paper provides a historically oriented introduction to the field of organ transplantation and the evolution of VCA.</p>","PeriodicalId":55254,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Developmental Immunology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"402980"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/402980","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31256197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and immunomodulator on cytokines levels: an alternative therapy for patients with major depressive disorder.","authors":"María Eugenia Hernandez,&nbsp;Danelia Mendieta,&nbsp;Mayra Pérez-Tapia,&nbsp;Rafael Bojalil,&nbsp;Iris Estrada-Garcia,&nbsp;Sergio Estrada-Parra,&nbsp;Lenin Pavón","doi":"10.1155/2013/267871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/267871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric illness that presents as a deficit of serotonergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system. MDD patients also experience alterations in cortisol and cytokines levels. Treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is the first-line antidepressant regimen for MDD. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of SSRIs and an immunomodulator-human dialyzable leukocyte extract (hDLE)-on cortisol and cytokines levels. Patients received SSRIs or SSRIs plus hDLE. The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 β , IL-2, and IFN- γ ; anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-13 and IL-10; and 24-h urine cortisol were measured at weeks (W) 0, 5, 20, 36, and 52 of treatment. The reduction in cortisol levels in the SSRI-treated group was 30% until W52, in contrast, the combined treatment induced a 54% decrease at W36. The decline in cortisol in patients who were treated with SSRI plus hDLE correlated with reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines and increases levels of proinflammatory cytokines at the study conclusion. These results suggest that the immune-stimulating activity of hDLE, in combination with SSRIs, restored the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance and cortisol levels in depressed patients versus those who were given SSRIs alone. </p>","PeriodicalId":55254,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Developmental Immunology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"267871"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/267871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31964039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunology and the central nervous system.","authors":"Carlos Barcia,&nbsp;James Curtin,&nbsp;Jeffrey Zirger,&nbsp;Daniel Larocque","doi":"10.1155/2013/512684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/512684","url":null,"abstract":"We are pleased to announce the publication of this special issue in the journal “Clinical and Developmental Immunology.” We are happy to perceive the growing interest, from a wide range of scientists, regarding the peculiar intercommunication between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). We have finally reached a balanced compilation of papers that we collect in this special issue highlighting recent fundamental advances in our understanding of brain immunology with an emphasis on new therapeutic targets covering such emerging topics as chemical suppression of glial activation, inflammation following acute demylination, Notch signalling as a potential therapeutic target in EAE and a link between neuroinflammatory signaling and reproduction. \u0000 \u0000The idea that the CNS is an immune-privileged site is gradually vanishing. However, increasing evidence shows that the relation between the CNS and the immune system is special and in many aspects, different from the rest of the organs and tissues [1]. \u0000 \u0000One of the peculiarities of the CNS is the presence of glial cells, which are the initial responders to brain injuries and degenerative processes [2]. Glial cells, especially microglia, get locally activated in the damaged brain areas and are able to induce the recruitment of scavenger blood cells, such as monocytes and lymphocytes to injured sites, contributing to the inflammatory reaction [3, 4]. In our special issue, R. A. Taylor and L. H. Sansing, describe, in a comprehensive review, the role of microglial cells in ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Importantly, authors highlight the distinct phenotypes of microglia, M1-inflammatory, and M2-repairing microglia, which express different surface molecules and releasing factors. They propose that understanding the mechanism of this switching phenotype will be crucial for future therapeutic purposes. In line with this, E. Assi et al., review the recent literature about the role of microglia in inflammatory signaling cascades in brain pathology, but focusing their paper on the role of sphingolipids in the inflammatory reaction, which is proposed as a potential target to control glial-mediated neuroinflammation. \u0000 \u0000In this context, it is becoming more evident that glial activation is a critical event that should be targeted to avert inflammation in the CNS. B. Rocamonde et al. describe, in an original study, using a rat model of brain injury, that the reduction of glial activation by lipoic acid underlies the restorative effects in the brain. F. Cloutier et al. suggest in an interesting paper that the role of microglia and astrocytes during spinal cord injury and repair may be different depending on the scenario of CNS damage. Authors report, using a rat model of acute demyelination in dorsal funiculus, how immunological using anti GalC demyelination triggers macrophage/microglial cells activation in comparison of a stab injury. Interestingly, in their model of axon regeneration, ","PeriodicalId":55254,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Developmental Immunology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"512684"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/512684","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32084462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular profiling of acute and chronic rejections of renal allografts.","authors":"Hřibová Petra,&nbsp;Honsová Eva,&nbsp;Brabcová Irena,&nbsp;Hrubá Petra,&nbsp;Viklický Ondřej","doi":"10.1155/2013/509259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/509259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both antibody mediated (AMR) and T-cell mediated (TCMR) rejections either acute or chronic represent the main reason for late graft dysfunction. In this study we aimed to evaluate differences in the intrarenal expression patterns of immune system related genes in acute and chronic rejections. Graft biopsies were performed and evaluated according to Banff classification. Using the TaqMan Low Density Array, the intrarenal expressions of 376 genes relating to immune response (B-cell activation, T-cell activation, chemokines, growth factors, immune regulators, and apoptosis) were analyzed in the four rejection categories: chronic AMR, chronic TCMR, acute AMR, and acute TCMR. The set of genes significantly upregulated in acute TCMR as compared to acute AMR was identified, while no difference in gene expressions between chronic rejections groups was found. In comparison with functioning grafts, grafts that failed within the next 24 months after the chronic rejection morphological confirmation presented at biopsy already established severe graft injury (low eGFR, higher proteinuria), longer followup, higher expression of CDC20, CXCL6, DIABLO, GABRP, KIAA0101, ME2, MMP7, NFATC4, and TGFB3 mRNA, and lower expression of CCL19 and TRADD mRNA. In conclusion, both Banff 2007 chronic rejection categories did not differ in intrarenal expression of 376 selected genes associated with immune response. </p>","PeriodicalId":55254,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Developmental Immunology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"509259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/509259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31925540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergenic characterization of new mutant forms of Pru p 3 as new immunotherapy vaccines.","authors":"C Gómez-Casado,&nbsp;M Garrido-Arandia,&nbsp;P Gamboa,&nbsp;N Blanca-López,&nbsp;G Canto,&nbsp;J Varela,&nbsp;J Cuesta-Herranz,&nbsp;L F Pacios,&nbsp;A Díaz-Perales,&nbsp;L Tordesillas","doi":"10.1155/2013/385615","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/385615","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, treatment of food allergy only considered the avoidance of the specific food. However, the possibility of cross-reactivity makes this practice not very effective. Immunotherapy may exhibit as a good alternative to food allergy treatment. The use of hypoallergenic molecules with reduced IgE binding capacity but with ability to stimulate the immune system is a promising tool which could be developed for immunotherapy. In this study, three mutants of Pru p 3, the principal allergen of peach, were produced based on the described mimotope and T cell epitopes, by changing the specific residues to alanine, named as Pru p 3.01, Pru p 3.02, and Pru p 3.03. Pru p 3.01 showed very similar allergenic activity as the wild type by in vitro assays. However, Pru p 3.02 and Pru p 3.03 presented reduced IgE binding with respect to the native form, by in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays. In addition, Pru p 3.03 had affected the IgG4 binding capacity and presented a random circular dichroism, which was reflected in the nonrecognition by specific antibodies anti-Pru p 3. Nevertheless, both Pru p 3.02 and Pru p 3.03 maintained the binding to IgG1 and their ability to activate T lymphocytes. Thus, Pru p 3.02 and Pru p 3.03 could be good candidates for potential immunotherapy in peach-allergic patients.","PeriodicalId":55254,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Developmental Immunology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"385615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/385615","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31943494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-dependent differences in systemic and cell-autonomous immunity to L. monocytogenes.","authors":"Ashley M Sherrid,&nbsp;Tobias R Kollmann","doi":"10.1155/2013/917198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/917198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Host defense against infection can broadly be categorized into systemic immunity and cell-autonomous immunity. Systemic immunity is crucial for all multicellular organisms, increasing in importance with increasing cellular complexity of the host. The systemic immune response to Listeria monocytogenes has been studied extensively in murine models; however, the clinical applicability of these findings to the human newborn remains incompletely understood. Furthermore, the ability to control infection at the level of an individual cell, known as \"cell-autonomous immunity,\" appears most relevant following infection with L. monocytogenes; as the main target, the monocyte is centrally important to innate as well as adaptive systemic immunity to listeriosis. We thus suggest that the overall increased risk to suffer and die from L. monocytogenes infection in the newborn period is a direct consequence of age-dependent differences in cell-autonomous immunity of the monocyte to L. monocytogenes. We here review what is known about age-dependent differences in systemic innate and adaptive as well as cell-autonomous immunity to infection with Listeria monocytogenes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55254,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Developmental Immunology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"917198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/917198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31414942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal natural killer cell function: relevance to antiviral immune defense.","authors":"Yen-Chang Lee,&nbsp;Syh-Jae Lin","doi":"10.1155/2013/427696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/427696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonates are particularly susceptible to various pathogens compared to adults, which is attributed in part to their immature innate and adaptive immunity. Natural killer cells provide first-line innate immune reactions against virus-infected cells without prior sensitization. This review updates phenotypic and functional deficiencies of neonatal cells compared to their adult counterparts and their clinical implications. </p>","PeriodicalId":55254,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Developmental Immunology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"427696"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/427696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31758822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}