Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics最新文献

{"title":"Effects of dietary melatonin supplementation on growth performance and intestinal health of rice field eel (Monopterus albus)","authors":"Weiwei Lv ,&nbsp;Muyan Li ,&nbsp;Yifan Mao ,&nbsp;Weiwei Huang ,&nbsp;Quan Yuan ,&nbsp;Mingyou Li ,&nbsp;Qiubai Zhou ,&nbsp;Hang Yang ,&nbsp;Wenzong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective was to assess the impact of melatonin supplementation on the growth performance and intestinal health of rice field eel, <em>Monopterus albus</em>. Three hundred and sixty fish (28.46 ± 0.24 g) were fed five diets supplemented with melatonin of 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg for 70 days. The study found that the variables FBW, WGR, SGR, and FCR exhibited a statistically significant quadratic relationship (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) with the dietary melatonin concentrations, and the highest FBW, WGR and SGR as well as lowest FCR were observed in the 120 mg/kg melatonin group, digestive enzymes activities (such as amylase, trypsin, and lipase) also had significant quadratic relationship (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and the highest intestinal villus height and goblet cells were found in the 120 mg/kg diet (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), melatonin in diets significantly increased SOD and CAT activities in serum, up-regulated the expression of anti-inflammatory factors (<em>IL-10</em>) and tight junction protein (<em>ZO-1</em>), and down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (<em>IL-1β</em>, <em>IL-8</em>, <em>IL-15</em>, and <em>TNF-α</em>) in the gut, dietary melatonin improved the intestinal microflora compositions, in the group that supplementation a dosage of 120 mg/kg, there was a noticeable rise in the abundance of <em>Firmicutes</em> and the ratio of <em>Firmicutes</em>/<em>Bacteroidota</em>, compared with control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.1). Conclusively, dietary supplementation of melatonin promoted growth performance, enhanced intestinal immune capacity and serum antioxidant level, and improved intestinal morphology properties and intestinal flora composition in <em>M. albus</em>. In conclusion, based on quadratic broken-line regression analysis of WGR and FCR, the optimal concentration of melatonin to be supplied is predicted to be 146–148 mg/kg.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential expression analyses and detection of SNP loci associated with environmental variables: Are salinity and temperature factors involved in population differentiation and speciation in Odontesthes?","authors":"Alejandro D'Anatro ,&nbsp;Javier Calvelo ,&nbsp;Matías Feijóo ,&nbsp;Facundo M. Giorello","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Environmental factors play a key role in individual adaptation to different local conditions. Because of this, studies about the physiological and genetic responses of individuals exposed to different natural environments offer clues about mechanisms involved in population differentiation, and as a subsequent result, speciation. Marine environments are especially suited to survey this kind of phenomena because they commonly harbor species adapted to different local conditions along a geographic continuum. Silversides belonging to <em>Odontesthes</em> are commonly distributed in tropical and temperate regions of South America and exhibit noticeable phenotypic plasticity, which allows them to adapt to contrasting environments. In this study, the genetic expression of <em>O. argentinensis</em> sampled along the Uruguayan Atlantic coast and estuarine adjacent areas was investigated. In addition, the correlation between individual genotypes and environmental variables was also analysed in <em>O. argentinensis</em> and <em>O. bonariensis</em>. Results obtained suggest a differential expression pattern of low magnitude among individuals from the different areas sampled and a correlation between several SNP loci and environmental variables. The analyses carried out did not show a clear differentiation among individuals sampled along different salinity regimens, but enriched GOTerms seem to be driven by water oxygen content. On the other hand, a total of 46 SNPs analysed in <em>O. argentinensis</em> and <em>O. bonariensis</em> showed a correlation with salinity and temperature. Although none of the correlated SNPs and corresponding genes from our both analyses were directly associated with hypoxia, genes related to the cardiovascular system and muscle cell differentiation were found. All these genes are interesting candidates for future studies since they are closely related to the differentially expressed genes. Although salinity was also mentioned as an important parameter limiting introgression between <em>O. argentinensis</em> and <em>O. bonariensis</em>, it was found that salinity does not drive differential expression in <em>O. argentinensis</em>, but rather oxygen levels. Moreover, salinity does not directly affect the structure and genetic divergence of the populations, they appear to be structured based on their degree of isolation and geographical distance between them. Further studies, like genome-wide analyses, could help to elucidate additional genes adapted to the different environments in these silverside species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141298017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of an endothelial regulatory module on plasma proteomics in exercising horses","authors":"Mahmoud Amiri Roudbar ,&nbsp;Maria K. Rosengren ,&nbsp;Seyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi ,&nbsp;Kim Fegraeus ,&nbsp;Rakan Naboulsi ,&nbsp;Jennifer R.S. Meadows ,&nbsp;Gabriella Lindgren","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Elite performing exercise requires an intricate modulation of the blood pressure to support the working muscles with oxygen. We have previously identified a genomic regulatory module that associates with differences in blood pressures of importance for elite performance in racehorses. This study aimed to determine the effect of the regulatory module on the protein repertoire. We sampled plasma from 12 Coldblooded trotters divided into two endothelial regulatory module haplotype groups, a sub-elite performing haplotype (SPH) and an elite performing haplotype (EPH), each at rest and exercise. The haplotype groups and their interaction were interrogated in two analyses, i) individual paired ratio analysis for identifying differentially abundant proteins of exercise (DAPE) and interaction (DAPI) between haplotype and exercise, and ii) unpaired ratio analysis for identifying differentially abundant protein of haplotype (DAPH). The proteomics analyses revealed a widespread change in plasma protein content during exercise, with a decreased tendency in protein abundance that is mainly related to lung function, tissue fluids, metabolism, calcium ion pathway and cellular energy metabolism. Furthermore, we provide the first investigation of the proteome variation due to the interaction between exercise and related blood pressure haplotypes, which this difference was related to a faster switch to the lipoprotein and lipid metabolism during exercise for EPH. The molecular signatures identified in the present study contribute to an improved understanding of exercise-related blood pressure regulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141393113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuronal cell populations in circumoral nerve ring of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: Ultrastructure and transcriptional profile","authors":"Yingqiu Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiao Cong ,&nbsp;Huachen Liu ,&nbsp;Kenneth B. Storey ,&nbsp;Muyan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The echinoderm nervous system has been studied as a model for understanding the evolution of the chordate nervous system. Neuronal cells are essential groups that release a ‘cocktail’ of messenger molecules providing a spectrum of biological actions in the nervous system. Among echinoderms, most evidence on neuronal cell types has been obtained from starfish and sea urchin. In sea cucumbers, most research has focused on the location of neuronal cells, whereas their transcriptional features have rarely been investigated. Here, we observed the ultrastructure of neuronal cells in the sea cucumber, <em>Apostichopus japonicus</em>. The transcriptional profile of neuronal cells from the circumoral nerve ring (CNR) was investigated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and a total of six neuronal cell types were identified. 26 neuropeptide precursor genes (NPPs) and 28 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) were expressed in the six neuronal cell types, comprising five NPP/NP-GPCR pairs. Unsupervised pseudotime analysis of neuronal cells showed their different differentiation status. We also located the neuronal cells in the CNR by immunofluorescence (IF) and identified the potential hub genes of key cell populations. This broad resource serves as a valuable support in the development of cell-specific markers for accurate cell-type identification in sea cucumbers. It also contributes to facilitating comparison across species, providing a deeper understanding of the evolutionary processes of neuronal cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141289409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic immune response of Coilia nasus infected with Anisakidae during ovarian development","authors":"Congping Ying ,&nbsp;Zhong Hua ,&nbsp;Fengjiao Ma ,&nbsp;Yanping Yang ,&nbsp;Yinping Wang ,&nbsp;Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Guojun Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anisakidae parasitism is a prevalent disease in wild populations of <em>Coilia nasus</em>, and can result in a significant loss of germplasm resources. To elucidate the immune response mechanism of <em>C. nasus</em> livers to Anisakidae infection, we collected and analysed 18 parasitic and 18 non-parasitic livers at gonadal developmental stages II, III, and V using histopathology, molecular biology and transcriptome methods. The hepatic portal area of the parasitic group exhibited an increase in the fibrous stroma and thickened hepatic arteries with positive Ly-6G staining, indicating inflammation and immune responses in the liver. Hepatocyte cytokine levels and the expression of liver function-related genes indicated that fish livers responded similarly to Anisakidae parasitism across different gonadal developmental stages. Oxidative stress indices showed more intense changes in stage II samples, whereas gene expression levels of Nrf2 and C3 were significantly increased in parasitised livers during stage III and V. Liver transcriptome sequencing identified 2575 differentially expressed genes between the parasitic and non-parasitic groups at the three gonadal developmental stages. KEGG pathway analysis showed that natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and other immune pathways were significantly enriched. Expression patterns varied across developmental stages, suggesting that innate immunity was primarily responsible for the liver immune response to Anisakidae infection during <em>C. nasus</em> migration, possibly related to water temperature changes or shifts in the gonadal developmental stage. In summary, this study investigated the immune response of <em>C. nasus</em> to Anisakidae parasitism under natural conditions, focusing on reproductive aspects and environmental changes, thereby establishing a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune response of Anisakidae in <em>C. nasus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcription profiling reveals tissue-specific metabolic pathways in the fat body and ovary of the diapausing mosquito Culex pipiens","authors":"Xueyan Wei ,&nbsp;Karina Lee ,&nbsp;Neha Mullassery ,&nbsp;Prabin Dhungana ,&nbsp;David S. Kang ,&nbsp;Cheolho Sim","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The northern house mosquito, <em>Culex pipiens</em>, employs diapause as an essential survival strategy during winter, inducing important phenotypic changes such as enhanced stress tolerance, lipid accumulation, and extended longevity. During diapause, the cessation of reproductive development represents another distinctive phenotypic change, underlining the need for adjusted modulation of gene expressions within the ovary. Although considerable advancements in screening gene expression profiles in diapausing and non-diapausing mosquitoes, there remains a gap in tissue-specific transcriptomic profiling that could elucidate the complicated formation of diverse diapause features in <em>Cx. pipiens</em>. Here, we filled this gap by utilizing RNA sequencing, providing a detailed examination of gene expression patterns in the fat body and ovary during diapause compared to non-diapause conditions. Functional annotation of upregulated genes identified associations with carbohydrate metabolism, stress tolerance, immunity, and epigenetic regulation. The validation of candidate genes using quantitative real-time PCR verified the differentially expressed genes identified in diapausing mosquitoes. Our findings contribute novel insights into potential regulators during diapause in <em>Cx. pipiens</em>, thereby opening possible avenues for developing innovative vector control strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141185019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The energy metabolism and transcriptomic responses of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) under the low-temperature stress","authors":"Mingren Li ,&nbsp;Xiande Liu ,&nbsp;Dongdong Li ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Ding ,&nbsp;Feng Yang ,&nbsp;Zhongming Huo ,&nbsp;Xiwu Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low temperature in winter poses a threat to the Manila clam <em>Ruditapes philippinarum</em> in North China. However, a number of low-temperature-tolerant clams could survive such condition. It is therefore of interest to explore the survival mechanisms underlying the cold tolerance of <em>R. philippinarum</em>. The Zebra II population of <em>R. philippinarum</em> (Zebra II) from North China and the native Putian population from South China were used as experimental materials. Both populations were stressed with low-temperature and the differences in their survival rates, energy metabolism and transcriptional responses were compared. The results shown that after cold treatment at −1.9 °C, survival rate of Zebra II was higher than that of the Putian group. For both groups, the respiration, ammonia excretion, and ingestion rates continuously decreased till 0 with reductions temperature. In addition, RNA-seq revealed that as compared with the Putian group, there were 3682 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 3361 down-regulated DEGs in Zebra II group. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that these DEGs were mostly enriched in the purine, pyrimidine, and pyruvate metabolism pathways in Zebra II under low-temperature stress. Furthermore, qRT–PCR analysis further confirmed that Zebra II responded to low-temperature stress through upregulating genes involved in purine, pyrimidine, and pyruvate metabolism pathways. Taken together, all these results indicated that Zebra II has higher cold tolerance than the Putian group. Therefore, Zebra II is capable for overwintering in the intertidal zone of North China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141097473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic identification and analysis of immune-related circRNAs of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco involved in Aeromonas veronii infection","authors":"Yongxin He ,&nbsp;Lina Ma ,&nbsp;Xueyu Zeng ,&nbsp;Jingjing Xie ,&nbsp;Xianhui Ning","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Circular RNA (circRNA) represents a type of newly discovered non-coding RNA, distinguished by its closed loop structure formed through covalent bonds. Recent studies have revealed that circRNAs have crucial influences on host anti-pathogen responses. Yellow catfish (<em>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</em>), an important aquaculture fish with great economic value, is susceptible to <em>Aeromonas veronii</em>, a common aquatic pathogen that can cause acute death. Here, we reported the first systematic investigation of circRNAs in yellow catfish, especially those associated with <em>A. veronii</em> infection at different time points. A total of 1205 circRNAs were identified, which were generated from 875 parental genes. After infection, 47 circRNAs exhibited differential expression patterns (named DEcirs). The parental genes of these DEcirs were functionally engaged in immune-related processes. Accordingly, seven DEcirs (novel_circ_000226, 278, 401, 522, 736, 843, and 975) and six corresponding parental genes (ADAMTS13, HAMP1, ANG3, APOA1, FGB, and RALGPS1) associated with immunity were obtained, and their expression was confirmed by RT-qPCR. Moreover, we found that these DEcir-gene pairs likely acted through pathways, such as platelet activation, antimicrobial humoral response, and regulation of Ral protein signal transduction, to influence host immune defenses. Additionally, integrated analysis showed that, of the 7 immune-related DEcirs, three targeted 16 miRNAs, which intertwined into circRNA-miRNA networks. These findings revealed that circRNAs, by targeting genes or miRNAs are highly involved in anti-bacterial responses in yellow catfish. Our study comprehensively illustrates the roles of circRNAs in yellow catfish immune defenses. The identified DEcirs and the circRNA-miRNA network will contribute to the further investigations on the molecular mechanisms underlying yellow catfish immune responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141097472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide annotation and comparative analysis revealed conserved cuticular protein evolution among non-biting midges with varied environmental adaptability","authors":"Wenbin Liu ,&nbsp;Kangzhu Zhao ,&nbsp;Anmo Zhou ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Ge ,&nbsp;Huanhuan Qiao ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Sun ,&nbsp;Chuncai Yan ,&nbsp;Yiwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chironomidae, non-biting midges, a diverse and abundant insect group in global aquatic ecosystems, represent an exceptional model for investigating genetic adaptability mechanisms in aquatic insects due to their extensive species diversity and resilience to various environmental conditions. The cuticle in insects acts as the primary defense against ecological pressures. Cuticular Proteins (CPs) determine cuticle characteristics, facilitating adaptation to diverse challenges. However, systematic annotation of CP genes has only been conducted for one Chironomidae species, <em>Propsilocerus akamusi</em>, by our team. In this study, we expanded this annotation by identifying CP genes in eight additional Chironomidae species, covering all Chironomidae species with available genome data. We identified a total of 889 CP genes, neatly categorized into nine CP families: 215 CPR RR1 genes, 272 CPR RR2 genes, 23 CPR RR3 genes, 21 CPF genes, 16 CPLCA genes, 19 CPLCG genes, 28 CPLCP genes, 77 CPAP genes, and 37 Tweedle genes. Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of CPs within the Chironomidae family. This expanded annotation of CP genes across diverse Chironomidae species significantly contributes to our understanding of their remarkable adaptability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141097471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leucine promotes energy metabolism and stimulates slow-twitch muscle fibers expression through AMPK/mTOR signaling in equine skeletal muscle satellite cells","authors":"Jingya Xing ,&nbsp;Gerelchimeg Bou ,&nbsp;Guiqin Liu ,&nbsp;Xinyu Li ,&nbsp;Yingchao Shen ,&nbsp;Muhammad Faheem Akhtar ,&nbsp;Dongyi Bai ,&nbsp;Yiping Zhao ,&nbsp;Manglai Dugarjaviin ,&nbsp;Xinzhuang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous research has shown that leucine (Leu) can stimulate and enhance the proliferation of equine skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs). The gene expression profile associated with Leu-induced proliferation of equine SCs has also been documented. However, the specific role of Leu in regulating the expression of slow-twitch muscle fibers (slow-MyHC) and mitochondrial function in equine SCs, as well as the underlying mechanism, remains unclear. During this investigation, equine SCs underwent culturing in differentiation medium and were subjected to varying concentrations of Leu (0 mM, 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, 5 mM, and 10 mM) over a span of 3 days. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor Compound C and mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTOR) inhibitor Rapamycin were utilized to explore its underlying mechanism. Here we showed that the expression of slow-MyHC at 2 mM Leu level was significantly higher than the concentration levels of 0 mM,0.5 mM and 10 mM (<em>P</em> &lt;0.01), and there was no significant difference compared to other groups (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05); the basal respiration, maximum respiration, standby respiration and the expression of slow-MyHC, PGC-1α, Cytc, ND1, <em>TFAM</em>, and <em>COX1</em> were significantly increased with Leu supplementation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). We also found that Leu up-regulated the expression of key proteins on AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways, including LKB1, p-LKB1, AMPK, p-AMPK, S6, p-S6, 4EBP1, p-4EBP1, mTOR and p-mTOR (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 or <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Notably, when we treated the equine SCs with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C and the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin, we observed a reduction in the beneficial effects of Leu on the expression of genes related to slow-MyHC and signaling pathway-related gene expressions. This study provides novel evidence that Leu promotes slow-MyHC expression and enhances mitochondrial function in equine SCs through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms involved in these processes for the first time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1744117X24000625/pdfft?md5=0e714beb92222568ebdcbbbfa9b0457f&pid=1-s2.0-S1744117X24000625-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141078404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}