Chengxiang Han , Xiangkui Zhang , Ping Hu , Guojun Zheng , Xuefeng Zhu , Guozhe Shen
{"title":"A manufacturable fiber placement method for continuously fitting optimized discrete fiber orientations based on B-spline equidistant curves","authors":"Chengxiang Han , Xiangkui Zhang , Ping Hu , Guojun Zheng , Xuefeng Zhu , Guozhe Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Equidistant fiber placement structures exhibit significant advantages in both mechanical performance and manufacturability. This paper addresses the challenge of forming continuous, manufacturable fiber paths from discrete fiber optimization results. Leveraging the ability of B-splines to represent complex shapes and offer local control, we propose a method that uses B-spline as the base curve for equidistant curves to fit discrete fiber orientations into continuous fiber paths. This method calculates the difference between the discrete optimized orientations and the tangent directions of the equidistant curves using vector inner product. Subsequently, an iterative optimization algorithm is employed to adjust the tangent directions of the equidistant curves to closely approximate the discrete optimization results, thereby generating equidistant fiber paths. This paper proposes single curve and double curve fitting models for B-spline equidistant curve fitting, aiming to provide an optimization solution that balances structural performance with manufacturing requirements, catering to the diverse needs of engineering applications. Several numerical examples are provided, with comparisons conducted between the proposed fitting method and the traditional uniform lamination approach. The results demonstrate that the fiber layup structures obtained using the proposed methods outperform those based on traditional uniform layups, fitting the discrete optimization results into continuous paths and enhancing the structural performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55222,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 118102"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chao Dang , Marcos A. Valdebenito , Matthias G.R. Faes
{"title":"Time-dependent reliability analysis by a single-loop Bayesian active learning method using Gaussian process regression","authors":"Chao Dang , Marcos A. Valdebenito , Matthias G.R. Faes","doi":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Time-dependent reliability analysis has proven to be an invaluable tool for assessing the safety levels of engineering structures subject to both randomness and time-varying factors. In this context, single-loop active learning Kriging methods have demonstrated a favorable trade-off between efficiency and accuracy. However, there remains significant potential for further improvement, particularly in addressing computationally expensive time-dependent reliability problems. This paper introduces a novel single-loop Bayesian active learning method using Gaussian process regression (GPR) for time-dependent reliability analysis, termed ‘Integrated Bayesian Integration and Optimization’ (IBIO). The key idea is to integrate the Bayesian integration method originally developed for static reliability analysis and the Bayesian optimization for solving the global optima of expensive black-box functions. First, we introduce a pragmatic estimator for the time-dependent failure probability. Second, a new stopping criterion is proposed to determine when the active learning process should be terminated. Third, three learning functions as three alternatives are developed to identity the best next time instant where to evaluate the performance function. Fourth, one new learning function is presented to select the best next sample for the random variables and stochastic processes given the time instant. Five numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IBIO method. It is empirically shown that the method can produce accurate results with only a small number of performance function evaluations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55222,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 118092"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing dynamic modeling of porous media with compressible fluid: A THM material point method with improved fractional step formulation","authors":"Jidu Yu , Weijian Liang , Jidong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modeling dynamic behavior and large deformation in porous media, encompassing coupled fluid flow, solid deformation, and heat transfer, remains a critical challenge in geomechanics. While the two-phase material point method (MPM) combined with the semi-implicit fractional step method (FSM) has demonstrated efficacy for saturated porous media under large deformation, traditional FSM is constrained to incompressible fluid and divergence-free velocity condition, limiting their applicability to scenarios involving compressible fluids, such as unsaturated soils or thermo-active systems. This study presents an enhanced FSM-based MPM framework that incorporates fluid compressibility and thermal expansivity under non-isothermal conditions. Key innovations include a node-based implicit scheme to solve intermediate variables, significantly improving computational efficiency while maintaining stability. Through a suite of hydro-mechanical (HM) and thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupling benchmarks, we demonstrate that fluid compressibility is essential for FSM to accurately resolve pressure shock waves induced by mechanical or thermal loading. Temporal resolution critically influences modeling of wave dynamics, with larger time steps accelerating wave attenuation. Notably, the semi-implicit FSM can achieve comparable accuracy to explicit schemes while offering superior stability in dynamic regimes, irrespective of fluid compressibility. Practical trade-offs between computational efficiency and pressure wave-capture fidelity are discussed, guiding method selection based on scenario-specific needs. Furthermore, we explore the framework’s potential extension to triphasic porous systems to highlight its versatility for geomechanical applications. The work bridges a critical gap in simulating compressible, multiphysics-coupled porous media, offering a robust tool for both academic and industrial challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55222,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 118100"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Domenico Magisano, Leonardo Leonetti, Giovanni Garcea
{"title":"Accurate 3D stress recovery in elastic laminated plates using 5-DOF and 7-DOF finite element plate models with warping","authors":"Domenico Magisano, Leonardo Leonetti, Giovanni Garcea","doi":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an efficient and accurate methodology for computing displacement and stress fields in laminated thick plates using two-dimensional models. The approach begins with a novel one-dimensional finite element analysis across the thickness to derive transverse shear warping functions for a given layup. This preliminary analysis ensures accuracy for generic laminations, including asymmetric configurations and those exhibiting coupling between transverse shear components. The derived warping functions enable the formulation of two plate models with 5 and 7 degrees of freedom (DOFs) per node. The 5-DOF model is an enhanced Mindlin-Reissner formulation linking warping to transverse shear strains via reduction factors, offering reliable performance for moderately thick plates and typical stiffness contrasts between layers. The 7-DOF model, on the other hand, introduces independent DOFs to amplify the warping functions, eliminating reduction factors and achieving a superior accuracy for very thick plates and for extreme stiffness contrasts between layers. Both models are implemented using quadratic MITC finite elements, generalized to accommodate the independent warping amplitudes of the 7-DOF model. Additionally, the preliminary section analysis can be repurposed as a fast, point-wise post-processing tool to enhance the accuracy of reconstructed transverse shear stresses and to recover an accurate thickness stress. The numerical investigation demonstrates the reliability of the proposed models for analyzing laminated plates across a wide range of thicknesses and layups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55222,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 118083"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Convolutional neural network-based reduced-order modeling for parametric nonlocal PDEs","authors":"Yumeng Wang , Shiping Zhou , Yanzhi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based reduced-order modeling (ROM) to solve parametric nonlocal partial differential equations (PDEs). Our method consists of two main components: dimensional reduction with convolutional autoencoder (CAE) and latent-space modeling with CNN or long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. Our neural network-based ROM bypasses the main challenges faced by intrusive approaches for nonlocal problems, such as non-affine parameter dependence and kernel singularities. To address nonlocal inhomogeneous boundary conditions, we introduce two effective strategies. Additionally, we present two approaches for incorporating parameters into the latent space and demonstrate that CNN mappings are particularly efficient for problems with high-dimensional parameter spaces. Our results provide the evidence that deep CAEs can successfully capture nonlocal behaviors, highlighting the promising potential of neural network-based ROMs for nonlocal PDEs. To the best of our knowledge, our method is the first neural network-based ROM methods developed for nonlocal problems. Extensive numerical experiments, including spatial and temporal nonlocal models, demonstrate that our neural network-based ROMs are effective in solving nonlocal problems. Moreover, our studies show that the compression capability of CAE outperforms traditional projection-based methods, especially when handling complex nonlinear problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55222,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 118084"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated design of structures and supports using a hybrid explicit–implicit topology optimization method","authors":"Rixin Wang , Benliang Zhu , Xianmin Zhang , Fumihito Arai","doi":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In engineering structures and mechanical systems, the arrangement of supports or Dirichlet boundary conditions determines the constraint conditions and the distribution of degrees of freedom, thereby exerting a critical influence on performances. This paper proposes a novel integrated design method for structures and supports. First, a hybrid explicit–implicit topology description framework is developed by combining the projection-based moving morphable components (PMMC) method with the parametric level set method to represent the geometric of supports and host structures. Second, to achieve variable Dirichlet boundary conditions, a PMMC-based weighted interpolation method (PMMC-WIM) is introduced to locally penalize the displacement field within finite element implementations. This method enables the synergistic evolution of structural topology along with the position and orientation of support components, while achieving a customizable, smooth, and clearly defined representation of engineering supports. The extended finite element method (XFEM) is employed to capture the physical boundaries, eliminating the need for conforming meshes or remeshing, and thereby improving the accuracy of both structural response and sensitivity analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a series of numerical examples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55222,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 118087"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A variational computational-based framework for unsteady incompressible flows","authors":"H. Sababha , A. Elmaradny , H. Taha , M. Daqaq","doi":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advancements in computational fluid mechanics have largely relied on Newtonian frameworks, particularly through the direct simulation of Navier–Stokes equations. In this work, we propose an alternative computational framework that employs variational methods, specifically by leveraging the principle of minimum pressure gradient, which turns the fluid mechanics problem into a minimization problem whose solution can be used to predict the flow field in unsteady incompressible viscous flows.</div><div>This method exhibits two particularly intriguing properties. First, it circumvents the chronic issues of pressure–velocity coupling in incompressible flows, which often dominates the computational cost in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Second, this method eliminates the reliance on unphysical assumptions at the outflow boundary, addressing another longstanding challenge in CFD.</div><div>We apply this framework to three benchmark examples across a range of Reynolds numbers: <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> unsteady flow field in a lid-driven cavity, <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> Poiseuille flow, and <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> flow past a circular cylinder. The minimization framework is carried out using a physics-informed neural network (PINN), which integrates the underlying physical principles directly into the training of the model. The results from the proposed method are validated against high-fidelity CFD simulations, showing an excellent agreement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55222,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 118091"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guosheng Fu , Michael Neunteufel , Joachim Schöberl , Adam Zdunek
{"title":"A four-field mixed formulation for incompressible finite elasticity","authors":"Guosheng Fu , Michael Neunteufel , Joachim Schöberl , Adam Zdunek","doi":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we generalize the mass-conserving mixed stress (MCS) finite element method for Stokes equations (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2019), involving normal velocity and tangential-normal stress continuous fields, to incompressible finite elasticity. By means of the three-field Hu–Washizu principle, introducing the displacement gradient and 1st Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor as additional fields, we circumvent the inversion of the constitutive law. We lift the arising distributional derivatives of the displacement gradient to a regular auxiliary displacement gradient field. Static condensation can be applied at the element level, providing a global pure displacement problem to be solved. We present a stabilization motivated by Hybrid Discontinuous Galerkin methods. A solving algorithm is discussed, which asserts the solvability of the arising linearized subproblems for problems with physically positive eigenvalues. The excellent performance of the proposed method is corroborated by several numerical experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55222,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 118082"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Variational sequential optimal experimental design using reinforcement learning","authors":"Wanggang Shen, Jiayuan Dong, Xun Huan","doi":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present variational sequential optimal experimental design (vsOED), a novel method for optimally designing a finite sequence of experiments within a Bayesian framework with information-theoretic criteria. vsOED employs a one-point reward formulation with variational posterior approximations, providing a provable lower bound to the expected information gain. Numerical methods are developed following an actor–critic reinforcement learning approach, including derivation and estimation of variational and policy gradients to optimize the design policy, and posterior approximation using Gaussian mixture models and normalizing flows. vsOED accommodates nuisance parameters, implicit likelihoods, and multiple candidate models, while supporting flexible design criteria that can target designs for model discrimination, parameter inference, goal-oriented prediction, and their weighted combinations. We demonstrate vsOED across various engineering and science applications, illustrating its superior sample efficiency compared to existing sequential experimental design algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55222,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 118068"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Hu , Jiachun Li , Xing Chen , Jiao Xu , Xiaodong Huang
{"title":"Multi-material topology optimization of vibro-acoustic structures with acoustic, poroelastic and elastic media under mass constraint","authors":"Jie Hu , Jiachun Li , Xing Chen , Jiao Xu , Xiaodong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-material topology optimization designs struggle to achieve the free selection of multiple materials in vibro-acoustic structures while adhering to budgetary and spatial constraints to obtain optimal objective performance. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel topology optimization approach tailored for multi-material vibro-acoustic structures based on the multi-material floating projection topology optimization (FPTO) method, which offers flexibility in adjusting the proportions of various materials, including acoustic, poroelastic, and elastic media, in the final optimized design. The mixed displacement/pressure (<strong>u</strong>/<em>p</em>) formulation based on Biot's theory and the linear multi-material interpolation model are used to overcome the potential difficulties in numerical analysis and topology optimization, and validated by the impedance tube test. The multi-material design variables are directly established on the volume fractions of multiple materials within each element and their 0/1 constraints are simulated by the multiple floating projection constraints. The proposed vibro-acoustic multi-material FPTO method is applied to minimize dynamic compliance or maximize sound transmission loss (<em>STL</em>) under a single mass constraint or multiple volume constraints. Some 2D and 3D benchmark numerical examples confirm that the optimized designs under a single mass constraint outperform those with multiple volume constraints and conventional designs. The presented results offer some valuable insights into multi-physics topology optimization and build a foundation for the design of composite engineering structures in vibration reduction and noise attenuation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55222,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 118109"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}