Current Opinion in Hematology最新文献

Editorial introduction.

IF 3.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in Hematology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000857

引用次数: 0

Models to study myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukaemia. 研究骨髓增生异常综合症和急性髓性白血病的模型。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in Hematology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000856

Clifford Chao, Isabella G Martinez, Elvin Wagenblast

{"title":"Models to study myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukaemia.","authors":"Clifford Chao, Isabella G Martinez, Elvin Wagenblast","doi":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000856","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000856","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are hematological malignancies characterized by complex genetic alterations, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Despite advances in treatment, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. This review outlines recent progress in humanized models of MDS and AML and highlight their role in advancing our understanding of these diseases.Recent findings: Patient derived xenografts (PDXs) were among the first humanized models for studying MDS and AML, allowing researchers to analyze patient-specific cancer properties in vivo . However, they face challenges related to sample availability and consistent engraftment in mice. New methods, including specialized mouse strains and human tissue scaffolds, have been developed to address these issues. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer the advantage of indefinite expansion and genetic modification, making them valuable for in vitro research, though protocols to enhance their engraftment in vivo are still being refined. Genetically engineered human primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) provide reliable in vivo models with good engraftment in mice, and recent advancements in culture systems and gene-editing techniques are helping to overcome challenges related to ex vivo expansion and genetic modification.Summary: PDXs, iPSCs, and genetically engineered HSPCs are crucial models for the study of MDS and AML. This review discusses strengths, limitations, and recent advancements of these humanized models, which provide insights into human-specific disease biology and therapeutic development.","PeriodicalId":55196,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Hematology","volume":" ","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Red blood cell changes due to cancer and cancer treatments: a narrative review. 癌症和癌症治疗引起的红细胞变化：叙述性回顾。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in Hematology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000859

Deirdre Finnigan, Omar I Hajjaj, Maha Othman

{"title":"Red blood cell changes due to cancer and cancer treatments: a narrative review.","authors":"Deirdre Finnigan, Omar I Hajjaj, Maha Othman","doi":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000859","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000859","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To date, there is relatively limited research investigating changes in red blood cells (RBCs), particularly qualitative changes, in cancer patients and cancer patients receiving treatment. These changes may be important in better understanding cancer-associated anemia, which is the most prevalent hematological disorder in cancer patients with wide-ranging implications on patient care and quality of life. This review aims to summarize available evidence regarding qualitative and quantitative changes in RBCs in individuals with cancer prior to treatment and in patients undergoing treatment.Recent findings: The most commonly reported changes in RBCs in cancer patients were increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and decreased hemoglobin, RBC count, and hematocrit. There were increased lipid peroxidation products and decreased antioxidants. There were increased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and decreased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (FAs). Additionally, RBC shape alterations with various atypical morphologies, membrane structure abnormalities, and impaired fluidity were also reported. These and various other reported findings are discussed in depth.Summary: There are several reported quantitative and qualitative RBC changes in individuals with cancer, with some studies exhibiting conflicting results. Further research is needed to solidify the data and to better understand hematological-associated comorbidities in those patients.","PeriodicalId":55196,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Hematology","volume":" ","pages":"93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unraveling lipid metabolism for acute myeloid leukemia therapy. 揭示急性髓性白血病治疗中的脂质代谢。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in Hematology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000853

Cristiana O'Brien, Courtney L Jones

{"title":"Unraveling lipid metabolism for acute myeloid leukemia therapy.","authors":"Cristiana O'Brien, Courtney L Jones","doi":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000853","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000853","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of lipids' intricate and interwoven role in mediating diverse acute myeloid leukemia (AML) processes, as well as potentially novel lipid targeting strategies. This review will focus on new studies of lipid metabolism in human leukemia, particularly highlighting work in leukemic stem cells (LSCs), where lipids were assessed directly as a metabolite.Recent findings: Lipid metabolism is essential to support LSC function and AML survival through diverse mechanisms including supporting energy production, membrane composition, signaling pathways, and ferroptosis. Recent work has highlighted the role of lipid rewiring in metabolic plasticity which can underlie therapy response, the impact of cellular and genetic heterogeneity in AML on lipid metabolism, and the discovery of noncanonical roles of lipid related proteins in AML.Summary: Recent findings around lipid metabolism clearly demonstrates their importance to our understanding and therapeutic targeting of AML. We have only begun to unravel the regulation and utilization of lipids in this disease. Further, understanding the layered dynamics of lipid homeostasis could provide novel opportunities to target lipid metabolism in AML and LSCs with the potential of improving outcomes for patients with AML.","PeriodicalId":55196,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Hematology","volume":" ","pages":"77-86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11789610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Posttransplant cyclophosphamide: a universal graft versus host disease prophylaxis. 移植后环磷酰胺：一种通用的移植物抗宿主疾病预防疗法。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in Hematology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000840

Andrea Bacigalupo

{"title":"Posttransplant cyclophosphamide: a universal graft versus host disease prophylaxis.","authors":"Andrea Bacigalupo","doi":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000840","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000840","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to outline current graft versus host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis, in the era of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY), in patients with malignant and nonmalignant hematologic disorders. The original combination of PTCY with a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) and mycophenolate (MMF), reported from the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, was designed for patients receiving a graft from a donor mismatched at one haplotype, so called haploidentical donor (HAPLO). In the past decade, PTCY has been widely used in HAPLO transplants worldwide, confirming the amazing efficacy of PTCY in preventing GvHD in mismatched grafts.Recent findings: More recently, PTCY is being tested also in grafts from human leukocyte antigen (HLA) identical related or unrelated donors. In the present review we will also answer several open questions, such as: PTCY and cardiac toxicity; PTCY dose; PTCY timing; PTCY and antithymocyte globulin (ATG); engraftment kinetics; infections; PTCY and leukemia relapse; PTCY and HLA identical grafts.Summary: PTCY is currently one of the most effective measures to prevent GvHD, and can be customized in different transplant platforms, together with other immunosuppressive agents. There is place for improvement, and several possible modifications of PTCY dose and schedule can be tested in prospective trials.","PeriodicalId":55196,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Hematology","volume":" ","pages":"104-108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Germline DDX41 mutations in myeloid neoplasms: the current clinical and molecular understanding. 骨髓性肿瘤中的胚系 DDX41 基因突变：目前的临床和分子认识。

IF 3.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in Hematology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000854

Junichiro Kida, Timothy M Chlon

{"title":"Germline DDX41 mutations in myeloid neoplasms: the current clinical and molecular understanding.","authors":"Junichiro Kida, Timothy M Chlon","doi":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000854","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000854","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: DDX41 mutations are the most common cause of germline predisposition to adult-onset myeloid neoplasms. The unique mutational landscape and clinical features indicate a distinct molecular pathogenesis, but the precise mechanism by which DDX41 mutations cause disease is poorly understood, owing to the multitude of DDX41 functions. In this review, we will update DDX41's known functions, present unique clinical features and treatment considerations, and summarize the current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the disease.Recent findings: Large cohort studies have revealed that germline DDX41 variants are heterozygous and predominantly loss-of-function. Acquired mutation of the contralateral DDX41 allele, typically R525H, is present in more than half of patients at disease onset, which occurs after age 50. DDX41 is essential for hematopoiesis and has versatile functions in RNA metabolism and innate immune sensing. Experimental models have suggested that innate immune activation downstream of defects in R-loop resolution and ribosome biogenesis plays a key role in the pathogenesis.Summary: While intensive investigations unveiled a strong genotype-phenotype relationship, the optimal therapeutic approach and long-term outcome are undefined. There is an urgent need to scrutinize the patients at single cell and multiomics level and to advance experimental animal and human models to fully elucidate the molecular pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":55196,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Hematology","volume":" ","pages":"67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The state of prediction models in hematologic disease: a worrisome assessment.

IF 3.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in Hematology Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000865

Xichao Wang, Ke Zhang, Lei Wang, Jiaqi Xu, Yamin Wang, Suning Chen, Zaixiang Tang

{"title":"The state of prediction models in hematologic disease: a worrisome assessment.","authors":"Xichao Wang, Ke Zhang, Lei Wang, Jiaqi Xu, Yamin Wang, Suning Chen, Zaixiang Tang","doi":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOH.0000000000000865","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The lack of optimal treatments for haematological disorders has led to the need for prediction models for diagnosis, therapeutic decision-making and life planning. In this review, the worrying current state of predictive models in the field is discussed.Recent findings: Here, we reviewed 100 studies on prediction models in this field. Our analysis revealed a concerning state of affairs, with a prevalence of suboptimal research methodologies and questionable statistical practices. This includes insufficient sample sizes, inadequate model evaluations, lack of necessary reports of model results, etc. In this regard, we present statistical considerations in the development and validation process of numerous models. This will provide the reader with the statistical knowledge related to prediction model necessary to assess bias in studies, compare other published models and determine the clinical utility of models.Summary: Awareness among authors, reviewers and editors of the required statistical considerations is crucial. Reinforcing these in all studies involving prediction models is needed. We all should encourage their use in evaluating existing studies and taking them fully into account in future studies.","PeriodicalId":55196,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Hematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scoring systems to predict thrombotic complications in solid tumor patients.

IF 3.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in Hematology Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000862

Swati Sharma, Sumit Sahni, Silvio Antoniak

{"title":"Scoring systems to predict thrombotic complications in solid tumor patients.","authors":"Swati Sharma, Sumit Sahni, Silvio Antoniak","doi":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOH.0000000000000862","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To explore the use of large datasets in predicting and managing cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAT) by stratifying patients into risk groups. This includes evaluating current predictive models and identifying potential improvements to enhance clinical decision-making.Recent findings: Cancer patients are at an elevated risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), which significantly impacts mortality and quality of life. Traditional approaches to risk assessment fail to account for the procoagulant changes associated with cancer, making individualized risk prediction a challenge. Current clinical guidelines as per ASCO recommend risk assessment before chemotherapy and endorse thromboprophylaxis as a standard preventive measure. Since any cancer population is highly heterogeneous in terms of VTE risk, predicting the risk of CAT is an oncological challenge. To address this, different predictive models have been developed to stratify patients by risk, enabling targeted thromboprophylaxis. However, these models vary in accuracy and utility. The present review discusses the pros and cons of these different models.Summary: The review examines existing CAT risk prediction models, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and diagnostic performance. It also identifies additional variables that could enhance these models to improve their effectiveness in guiding clinicians toward better risk stratification and treatment decisions for cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":55196,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Hematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of germline and somatic mutations in predicting cancer-associated thrombosis: a narrative review.

IF 3.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in Hematology Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000861

Vincent Lanting, Merel Oskam, Hanneke Wilmink, Pieter W Kamphuisen, Nick van Es

{"title":"The role of germline and somatic mutations in predicting cancer-associated thrombosis: a narrative review.","authors":"Vincent Lanting, Merel Oskam, Hanneke Wilmink, Pieter W Kamphuisen, Nick van Es","doi":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000861","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000861","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Patients with cancer have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Guidelines suggest to use risk assessment tools to guide decisions about thromboprophylaxis, but current tools have modest discriminatory ability. Genetic information from the germline or tumor has the potential to improve VTE prediction. Here, we provide a clinical overview of the current role of genetics in cancer-associated VTE.Recent findings: Germline mutations, such as factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A, are associated with a 2- to 2.5-fold increased VTE risk in patients with cancer. Tumor-specific somatic mutations also contribute to VTE risk, such as ALK rearrangements increasing the risk in nonsmall cell lung cancer and IDH1 mutations decreasing the risk in gliomas. Other somatic mutations associated with VTE independent of tumor type include KRAS , STK11 , MET , KEAP1 , CTNNB1 , and CDKN2B . Incorporating data on germline or somatic mutations in risk scores improves discriminatory ability compared with the Khorana score.Summary: Specific germline and somatic mutations are associated with an increased VTE risk in patients with cancer and potentially improve performance of clinical risk scores. The increasing and widespread use of genetic testing in cancer care provides an opportunity for further development of prediction models incorporating genetic predictors.","PeriodicalId":55196,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Hematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Histological differences among thrombi in thrombotic diseases.

IF 3.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in Hematology Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000860

Atsushi Yamashita, Toshihiro Gi, Yuichiro Sato

{"title":"Histological differences among thrombi in thrombotic diseases.","authors":"Atsushi Yamashita, Toshihiro Gi, Yuichiro Sato","doi":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000860","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOH.0000000000000860","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review aims to summarize the histological differences among thrombi in acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, venous thromboembolism, and amniotic fluid embolism, a newly identified thrombosis.Recent findings: Acute coronary thrombi have a small size, are enriched in platelets and fibrin, and show the presence of fibrin and von Willebrand factor, but not collagen, at plaque rupture sites. Symptomatic deep vein thrombi are large and exhibit various phases of time-dependent histological changes. Cancer-associated venous thromboemboli contain invasive cancer cells that penetrate the vascular walls, and small cancer cell aggregates are observed within the thrombi. The thrombus composition in atherosclerotic and cardioembolic ischemic strokes varies from case to case, while the thrombi in cancer-associated ischemic stroke are rich in platelets and fibrin. A pathological study on amniotic fluid embolism identified uterine vein thrombi and massive platelet-rich microthrombi in the lungs.Summary: Atherothrombus formation is induced by plaque disruption and may occlude a narrow lumen within a short time. Venous thrombi may grow to a large size in a multistage or chronic manner. Cancer cells can directly contribute to venous thrombus formation. The thrombus formation in amniotic fluid embolism may explain the occurrence of consumptive coagulopathy and cardiopulmonary collapse.","PeriodicalId":55196,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Hematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0