{"title":"Transforming competency development through digital innovation and graduated learning models: the future of dysphagia and tracheostomy tube management training.","authors":"Mascha Wanke, Flavia Gentile, Meike Brockmann-Bauser","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001123","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This narrative review explores evidence- and simulation-based teaching strategies for tracheostomy management (TTM) and dysphagia in adult patients, focusing on immersive technologies and instructional approaches within speech and language education.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Increasing clinical complexity and multimorbidity demand advanced competencies, yet many high-risk skills cannot be practiced safely in real-world settings. Simulation-based learning environments, including extended reality (XR) technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), provide safe, repeatable, and scalable opportunities for clinical reasoning, psychomotor skill development, and interprofessional communication. Evidence shows that VR-based TTM training improves knowledge acquisition, skill retention, and confidence. Competency-oriented instructional frameworks, including 4C/ID and ADDIE, with structured feedback and debriefing, support staged skill development. However, standardization of clinical workflows, guidelines, and outcome measures remains limited, particularly in speech and language therapy-specific scenarios.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>XR-based teaching enhances clinical, communication, and interdisciplinary skills in TTM. To fully realize its potential, standardized clinical guidelines, workflows, and evidence-based teaching standards are needed. Integrating VR within structured instructional models ensures pedagogical rigor and safe transfer of learning to clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"185-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Speech and swallowing outcome measures for oral cancer - what should we be collecting?","authors":"Carly E A Barbon, Douglas B Chepeha","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001125","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Modest improvements in survival following oral cavity cancer have increased the population of long-term survivors, shifting attention toward speech and swallowing outcomes. However, functional outcome measurement remains heterogeneous and inconsistently reported, limiting comparability across studies and translation to clinical decision-making. This review evaluates current speech and swallowing outcome measures used in oral cavity cancer, with particular attention to glossectomy populations, and proposes a pragmatic framework for standardized, multidimensional assessment.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent literature highlights the importance of integrating tongue-specific metrics (e.g., lingual strength, range of motion) with function-focused measures (e.g., diet level, speech intelligibility) and patient-reported outcomes. Tools such as instrumental swallow assessments, performance-based masticatory testing, and validated patient-reported instruments capture complementary dimensions of recovery. Emerging technologies, including speech-tracking approaches, offer greater sensitivity to subtle changes in function. Nonetheless, no unified core outcome set exists for oral cavity cancer, and oral phase-specific metrics remain underdeveloped, particularly in patients undergoing tongue resection and reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>No single instrument adequately captures the multidimensional functional consequences of oral cavity cancer treatment. We propose a domain-anchored measurement framework integrating physiologic, performance-based, and patient-reported outcomes to improve precision, harmonization, and clinical relevance in survivorship research and rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"34 3","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hearing loss detection and hearing healthcare in low- and middle-income countries.","authors":"Emma Stapleton","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOO.0000000000001124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"34 3","pages":"199-200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catherine de Cates, Farizeh Jashek-Ahmed, Rishi Bhatta
{"title":"Provision of hearing health services in Nepal: recent advances, persistent gaps, and emerging opportunities.","authors":"Catherine de Cates, Farizeh Jashek-Ahmed, Rishi Bhatta","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001118","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Provision of hearing healthcare in Nepal is evolving due to expanding screening programmes, new epidemiologic data and growing surgical and rehabilitative capacity. Recent literature offers updated prevalence estimates, insights into rural disparities, and evidence on the lack of ear care and hearing health amongst the population including health professionals.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent studies highlight the high burden of hearing impairment in remote provinces where there is often limited knowledge, the feasibility of infant-hearing screening in low-resource settings, and new data on paediatric cochlear implant outcomes. Earlier literature contextualises chronic otitis media, school-aged hearing loss, and sociocultural barriers. Workforce limitations, financing, and patchy geographic distribution of services remain substantial challenges.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Despite resource constraints, Nepal is making meaningful progress in screening, epidemiologic characterisation, and surgical rehabilitation. Further advances will require integration of ear and hearing care into primary health systems, scaling of newborn screening, equitable cochlear implant access, workforce expansion, and implementation research to guide policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"218-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing voice therapy interventions: the application of the principles of motor learning in clinical practice.","authors":"Catherine Madill, Kirrie Ballard","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001126","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The purpose of this review is to present an overview of principles of motor learning (PML) and summarize the most recent evidence regarding the application of PML to optimize voice therapy intervention.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The principles of motor learning that have been proven effective in sport, neuroscience, physical therapies and motor speech and swallowing therapies are now being demonstrated to be relevant and effective in voice therapy.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Current research is in its early stages with a small number of retrospective, prospective and experimental studies investigating aspects of practice, feedback, instruction and modelling. Low participant numbers are noted as a limitation in many studies. Research shows motor learning principles are effective, but large-scale studies are needed to develop a deeper understanding of how to optimise the PML in individual therapeutic scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"137-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13152083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thinking outside the (voice) box: considering respiratory function in presbyphonia.","authors":"Brian Saccente-Kennedy, Roganie Govender","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001122","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Presbyphonia has long been framed as a laryngeal disorder driven by presbylaryngis, yet emerging evidence suggests that age-related respiratory decline plays a central but under-recognized role in symptomatic vocal aging. This review synthesizes work on respiratory aging, speech-breathing patterns, and respiratory muscle performance in older adults with presbyphonia, and evaluates early attempts to target these systems in rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Laryngeal atrophy and glottic insufficiency are common in aging but do not reliably predict presbyphonia. Age-related reductions in lung elasticity, chest wall compliance, respiratory muscle strength, and respiratory interoception alter speech breathing and may compound glottic inefficiency. Recent studies indicate that \"exuberant\" voice therapies targeting maximal vocal function outperform gentler, skill-based approaches. Preliminary trials combining these therapies with respiratory muscle strength training, particularly inspiratory training, suggest added benefits for vocal effort, fatigue, and connected speech, though underlying mechanisms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Respiratory aging appears to meaningfully influence symptom severity in presbyphonia yet remains poorly characterized in the condition. Incorporating respiratory assessment, kinematic measures of speech breathing, and targeted respiratory training may enhance diagnostic precision and optimize therapy outcomes. Future work should clarify how respiratory mechanics and sensory monitoring interact with laryngeal deficits and identify which older adults benefit most from respiration-focused rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"157-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147464398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rehabilitation treatment specification system: latest tools, trials, and pathways to advance the science underlying voice therapy.","authors":"Jarrad H Van Stan","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001121","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review summarizes the latest advances in applying the rehabilitation treatment specification system (RTSS) to voice therapy.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent RTSS work has moved beyond conceptual endorsement to practical demonstrations in vocal rehabilitation. Multiple studies now provide complete RTSS specifications of voice therapy protocols and everyday clinical care, supporting content validity and enabling direct comparison of treatment components across approaches and sites. RTSS-guided intervention development has produced componentized protocols that translate treatment theories into explicit ingredient-target hypotheses suitable for refinement through empirical testing. RTSS-based mapping has also clarified overlap and meaningful differences across evidence-based therapies. Finally, RTSS-informed evidence synthesis has reduced heterogeneity in meta-analytic work by regrouping studies according to mechanism-relevant component categories (organ functions vs. skills & habits), yielding more interpretable patterns of treatment effects.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The RTSS is emerging as a practical infrastructure for cumulative, component-based voice therapy science, supporting clearer intervention reporting, mechanistic interpretation, cross-disciplinary transfer, and scalable adoption in routine documentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"145-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13007710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Speech and language therapy management of laryngotracheal stenosis - what has changed.","authors":"Gemma Clunie, Guri Sandhu, Justin Roe","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001111","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To examine how the clinical management of adults with laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) by speech and language therapists (SLTs) has evolved over the past decade. The review highlights changes in assessment, counselling, and rehabilitation practices in response to advances in surgical interventions and explores implications for multidisciplinary care.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent literature and clinical experience demonstrate that SLTs play a critical role in managing voice and swallowing outcomes for patients with LTS. While established care pathways exist for reconstructive surgery, the increasing use of minimally invasive endoscopic procedures and complex cases require more nuanced, individualized approaches. Prospective studies have defined the impact of LTS and its treatments on voice and swallowing, and a core outcome set (COS-LTS) has been developed to standardize outcome reporting in future research. Psychosocial support and patient-centred decision-making have become integral components of care.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Adults with LTS experience multifaceted challenges affecting breathing, voice, and swallowing. SLTs are essential members of the multidisciplinary team, providing pre and postoperative assessment, counselling, and rehabilitation. Advances in treatment options and recognition of psychosocial impacts necessitate flexible, holistic care strategies. Future research should focus on validating outcome measures, implementing the COS-LTS, and incorporating patient priorities to optimize functional and quality-of-life outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"151-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13152048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146042332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josephine Willemijn van Koevorden, Klaske Elisabeth van Sluis, Lisette van der Molen
{"title":"Artificial intelligence in head and neck cancer rehabilitation services: current state and future perspectives.","authors":"Josephine Willemijn van Koevorden, Klaske Elisabeth van Sluis, Lisette van der Molen","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001117","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review evaluates the current state of artificial intelligence (AI) in head and neck cancer (HNC) rehabilitation services by mapping current applications across rehabilitation pathways and allied healthcare professionals (AHPs), and outlines future directions and recommendations for integrating AI into routine healthcare.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>HNC care is highly specialized and requires intensive collaboration among many professionals, yet rehabilitation services remain fragmented, and AI developments are limited. More broadly, AI applications are emerging across multiple rehabilitation domains, including speech and swallowing assessment, motion analysis, nutrition support, mental health detection, and administrative automation. The most mature tools with high Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) support patient education, telehealth communication, and real-time monitoring, particularly in dietetics, physiotherapy, and speech therapy. Low TRLs - such as multidisciplinary decision support, personalized exercise planning, mental health detection, and automated speech disorder assessment - remain in early development. Major barriers include fragmented data infrastructures, limited representativeness of HNC populations, ethical concerns, and the need to preserve the therapeutic patient-provider relationship. large language models (LLMs) show potential for structuring information and generating rehabilitation plans but require expert oversight.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>AI has the potential to enhance coordinative rehabilitation and shows promise for both health care providers and patients. However, meaningful progress toward clinical implementation requires rigorous validation, the development of shared standards, and strong interdisciplinary collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"191-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13152053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146221988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A critical appraisal of qualitative research exploring the lived experience following total laryngectomy.","authors":"Laura-Jayne Watson, Lisa Houghton","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001109","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Laryngectomy is a life-changing operation; however, little attention has been paid to exploring peoples lived experiences. Understanding these experiences is critical, particularly in relation to the psychosocial, communicative, and rehabilitative challenges that follow surgery.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Critical appraisal and author discussion of eleven articles generated three inter-related themes.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Critical appraisal of the literature has provided a unique insight into the lived experience of people after laryngectomy. This literature review advocates the importance of transitioning long-term laryngectomy care away from a sole medical model to one that incorporates a biopsychosocial model of care. It would be beneficial for future work to explore a wider demographic of people with a laryngectomy. For example, a more diverse range of experiences across age, gender, ethnicity and socio-economic status. This would ensure that the needs of local populations are met within their local communities, consistent with principles of accessibility, equity and person-centred care.</p>","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"164-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13152040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}