Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery最新文献

Middle ear myoclonus: pathophysiology and management. 中耳肌阵挛：病理生理及治疗。

IF 2 4区医学

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000001073

Amber Zhang-Kraczkowska, Wai Keat Wong

{"title":"Middle ear myoclonus: pathophysiology and management.","authors":"Amber Zhang-Kraczkowska, Wai Keat Wong","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001073","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001073","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the pathophysiology and treatment of middle ear myoclonus (MEM), a rare and under-recognized cause of objective and subjective tinnitus.Recent findings: MEM is increasingly recognized as a distinct subset in tinnitus patients, with symptoms arising from involuntary contractions of the stapedius and/or tensor tympani muscles. Pharmacological management currently centres around agents such as clonazepam, carbamazepine, and piracetam. Surgical resection of middle ear tendons has yielded highly encouraging results, albeit with risks such as hyperacusis and symptom recurrence due to tendon reattachment. Endoscopic surgical techniques offer improved visualization and reduced invasiveness. Emerging data support the potential role of botulinum toxin as a less invasive and reversible therapeutic option, particularly with intratympanic delivery methods demonstrating early safety and efficacy in recent studies.Summary: MEM is a complex otologic condition with limited high-quality data guiding its diagnosis and management. Due to its variable presentations and response to treatment, a multidisciplinary and individualized approach remains essential. While pharmacological treatments and surgical outcomes are generally favourable, interest in botulinum toxin continues to grow. Further large-scale, controlled studies are needed to clarify pathophysiological mechanisms, optimize diagnostic accuracy, and standardize treatment protocols.","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"281-285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surgical approaches to inner ear therapies. 内耳治疗的外科入路。

IF 2 4区医学

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000001069

Nathan Creber, Manohar Bance

{"title":"Surgical approaches to inner ear therapies.","authors":"Nathan Creber, Manohar Bance","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001069","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001069","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Drug delivery to the cochlea has been hampered by the very mechanisms that exist to protect its delicate neurosensory epithelium from pathogens. The blood-brain barrier restricts the distribution of systemic therapies, while local administration is constrained by basal to apical gradients. As we progress towards restorative and regenerative therapies, precise delivery of therapeutics to their target site is required. This review discusses the surgical approaches to cochlear therapeutic delivery that can overcome these barriers.Recent findings: Recent advancements in microneedle technology have facilitated nondestructive round window membrane penetration that overcomes restrictive diffusion. Direct intracochlear catheterisation provides a solution to traditional basal to apical gradients along the cochlear duct, particularly when combined with fenestration for allowance of efflux. Drug-eluting implants present a unique opportunity for direct intrascalar administration, which may be extended in a sustained-release format. Finally, surgical approaches for direct injection to the modiolus have been detailed, allowing maximum survival of stem cell grafts.Summary: The evolution of precise pharmacotherapy to specific subsites of the cochlea demands precise methods of administration. These novel strategies often require a surgical approach and can overcome the protective barriers of the cochlea that traditionally restrict pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"306-311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12422617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Principles of gene therapy of the inner ear. 内耳基因治疗原理。

IF 2 4区医学

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000001067

Joshua S Lin, Seiji B Shibata

{"title":"Principles of gene therapy of the inner ear.","authors":"Joshua S Lin, Seiji B Shibata","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001067","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001067","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Preclinical auditory research uncovers mechanisms underlying hearing loss and reveals novel therapeutic targets. Inner ear gene therapy offers an attractive alternative to current treatments for deafness. An in-depth understanding of the principles of gene therapy is essential to the design of cochlear gene therapy studies, which must be meticulously selected based on the etiology, pathophysiology, and mechanisms of hearing loss. The purpose of our article is to provide an updated and succinct review of cochlear gene therapy.Recent findings: Advances in molecular technology have enabled numerous proof-of-principle studies in recent years, testing the feasibility of protective, restorative, and regenerative cochlear gene therapy. Recent findings have demonstrated how the delivery of neurotrophic factor transgenes can potentially improve hearing in hidden hearing loss. Restorative gene therapy, carrying the OTOF gene, has restored hearing in human subjects in clinical trials. Additionally, ongoing efforts are underway to regenerate sensory cells in the cochlea using cocktails of transcription factors in postdeafened animal models.Summary: Recent successes in clinical trials for cochlear gene therapy are encouraging; however, preclinical auditory research remains a high priority and necessity. Future advancements in basic science research may enable the prevention or cure of deafness through cochlear gene therapy.","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"295-305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12422625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gene therapy for inner ear disease: the next targets. 内耳疾病的基因治疗：下一个目标。

IF 2 4区医学

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000001078

Hinrich Staecker, Christoph Arnoldner

{"title":"Gene therapy for inner ear disease: the next targets.","authors":"Hinrich Staecker, Christoph Arnoldner","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001078","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001078","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The recent successful otoferlin gene therapy trials have refocused the fields attention on the potential of gene therapy to cure hearing loss. With over 100 known monogenetic causes of hearing loss, the key question is which will be the next set of disorders that are treatable. The current review addresses potentially targetable hearing disorders that can be addressed with current gene therapy technologies.Recent finding: For gene replacement therapy, we need to consider disorders that have residual targetable cells present in postnatal to adult ages. If a target tissue (i.e. hair cells) degenerates during development, it can no longer be rescued by gene therapy. Disorders such as DFNB8 and certain mutations in DFNB1 could benefit from a gene therapy approach. Other important considerations are the size of the gene being replaced, the availability of appropriate vectors, and the overall incidence of the disease.Summary: Genetic hearing losses that occur in the postnatal period are currently optimal targets and conversely hearing losses that occur in utero resulting in severe to profound congenital losses for now will not be treatable with gene therapy. Gene replacement therapy for recessive disorders will precede development of gene editing strategies for dominant disorders.","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"33 5","pages":"318-323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Primary and secondary autoimmune disorders and hearing loss. 原发性和继发性自身免疫性疾病和听力损失。

IF 2 4区医学

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000001074

Nathan Creber, Manohar Bance

{"title":"Primary and secondary autoimmune disorders and hearing loss.","authors":"Nathan Creber, Manohar Bance","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001074","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001074","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is a rare inner ear disorder characterised by fluctuating, progressive, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss that is responsive to immunomodulatory medications. Due to a lack of widely accepted diagnostic criteria its diagnosis remains elusive. Consequently, little is known about its precise aetiology.Recent findings: A novel classification system for \"immune-mediated inner ear disease\" (IMIED) has been proposed, which incorporates additional ear pathologies with identified immune components. This acknowledges the breadth of ear conditions that may respond to immune modulation. A range of diagnostic biomarkers are identified with varied clinical efficacy. This is appraised within the full context of a clinical setting to provide insight into practical utility. The efficacy of traditional steroid therapy is re-appraised and remains first-line therapy., The indication for steroid spring therapies is identified, and modern immunomodulatory medications are discussed.Summary: AIED should be discussed within the spectrum of \"immune-mediated inner ear disease\", and therapeutic efficacy may be translated along the spectra. Diagnostic biomarkers must be appraised with caution, and diagnosis still relies on responses to steroids. Steroid sparring agents are efficacious for long-term management, and modern biologics show promise, but further investigation is needed.","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"286-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Next generation of head and neck free flap reconstruction: the future of innovation and refinement. 下一代头颈部自由皮瓣重建：未来的创新和细化。

IF 2 4区医学

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000001077

Kelly L Staricha, Joshua D Smith, Richard A Raad, Shaum Sridharan, Kevin J Contrera, Steven B Chinn, Matthew E Spector

{"title":"Next generation of head and neck free flap reconstruction: the future of innovation and refinement.","authors":"Kelly L Staricha, Joshua D Smith, Richard A Raad, Shaum Sridharan, Kevin J Contrera, Steven B Chinn, Matthew E Spector","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001077","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001077","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: We briefly review the history of surgical innovation in free flap reconstruction of the head and neck. With a specific focus on maximizing patient QoL by prioritizing a 'precision reconstruction', we then posit novel avenues for surgical refinement to usher in the next generation of head and neck free flap reconstruction.Recent findings: Patients undergoing free flap reconstruction of the head and neck increasingly co-prioritize preservation of quality-of-life (QoL) alongside the desire to survive their diagnosis. In the contemporary era, this fact has prompted microvascular surgeons to customize reconstructive plans to minimize decisional regret and maximize favorable functional and cosmetic outcomes for their patients. Increasingly popular strategies for surgical refinement and innovation in this space include novel flap harvest techniques, unconventional flap donor sites, and use of flow-through configurations, all of which are routinely utilized in our group's practice. Additional strategies gaining traction in head and neck reconstruction include vascular perfusion imaging with indocyanine green fluorescence angiography and 'Jaw-in-a-Day' surgeries leveraging computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies.Summary: The next frontier of innovation in free flap reconstruction of the head and neck will prioritize custom, patient-specific reconstructions that consider the unique anatomic, functional, and aesthetic needs of each patient (i.e. precision reconstruction).","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"324-330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cochlear gene therapy for otoferlin-related hearing loss. 耳蜗基因治疗耳蜗蛋白相关性听力损失。

IF 2 4区医学

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000001070

Lawrence Lustig

{"title":"Cochlear gene therapy for otoferlin-related hearing loss.","authors":"Lawrence Lustig","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001070","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001070","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: There are currently five groups internationally involved in human clinical gene therapy trials for otoferlin-associated hearing loss. This includes (in alphabetical order) the Eye and ENT Hospital Fudan University (China), Lilly-Akouos (USA), Otovia (China), Regeneron (USA), and Sensorion (France). This review summarizes early work that led to these efforts and highlights early published data on clinical outcomes.Recent findings: While published outcomes are currently limited, data emerging from each of these clinical trials is highly consistent. Using a dual vector approach to reconstitute full length Otoferlin, all groups report varying degrees of hearing improvement following cochlear gene therapy, with some cases of hearing restoration to normal levels. Recent data suggests that improvement is not limited only to young children but also adolescents and even young adults in some cases. The treatments all appear safe with limited adverse effects associated with the therapies reported.Summary: Gene therapy for otoferlin-related deafness appears highly successful in most cases with limited reported adverse effects or outcomes. This success will undoubtably usher in a new era of gene therapy for other forms of genetic deafness.","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"312-317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Update on congenital stapes footplate fixation and juvenile otosclerosis. 先天性镫骨踏板固定与青少年耳硬化的研究进展。

IF 2 4区医学

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000001072

Sophia Ma, Jennifer Lee

{"title":"Update on congenital stapes footplate fixation and juvenile otosclerosis.","authors":"Sophia Ma, Jennifer Lee","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001072","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001072","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This paper aims to contribute to improved diagnostic accuracy, review outcomes of surgery, and provide guidance on how patients and caregivers are counselled about treatment options for juvenile otosclerosis (JO) and congenital stapes footplate fixation (CSFF).Recent findings: In JO, there is abnormal bone resorption and recalcification leading to progressive conductive or mixed hearing loss depending on the location of affected bone. There is a higher rate of obliterative otosclerosis in children compared to adults and thus consideration should be given to proceed with earlier surgical intervention, with stapedotomy regarded as a safe option. CSFF occurs due to congenital abnormalities in the annular ligament of the footplate and can be associated with other genetic conditions and syndromes. It is characterized by maximal, nonprogressive conductive hearing loss. Stapedotomy can be curative for hearing loss, though the rate of success is reported to be less than in JO, so hearing aids and implants may be more appropriate in some cases.Summary: Accurate diagnosis of JO and CSFF is of key importance because outcomes of surgery differ. High resolution computerized tomography of the petrous temporal bones should be performed to confirm diagnosis and to inform risks and benefits of operative intervention. Hearing rehabilitation should be addressed in a timely manner to optimize learning.","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"276-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intraoperative imaging during head and neck reconstruction. 头颈部重建术中影像。

IF 2 4区医学

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000001081

Whitney Jin, Wenda Ye, Michael C Topf

{"title":"Intraoperative imaging during head and neck reconstruction.","authors":"Whitney Jin, Wenda Ye, Michael C Topf","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001081","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001081","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To review current intraoperative imaging techniques utilized in head and neck reconstruction, with a focus on applications in vascular perfusion assessment, bony reconstruction, and improved intraoperative visualization and education.Recent findings: In recent years, there have been both technological advances as well as increased implementation of imaging techniques in head and neck reconstruction. To assess for real-time flap perfusion, indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG) has become increasingly adopted, allowing for early identification of vascular compromise and improved flap viability. In bony reconstruction, intraoperative CT and navigation systems have enhanced the precision of osteotomies and hardware placement. Emerging technologies such as the exoscope system have also contributed to improved intraoperative visualization, surgical planning, and education for trainees and multidisciplinary teams.Summary: Intraoperative imaging continues to advance the safety and precision of head and neck reconstruction. Techniques such as ICG, intraoperative navigation, and augmented visualization tools support better decision-making, reduced complication rates, and enhanced surgical education. Ongoing investigation is needed to standardize protocols, integrate quantitative thresholds for perfusion and bony alignment, and more widely implement technologies.","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"338-347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two-team approaches in modern head and neck oncologic and reconstructive surgery: ablative considerations. 现代头颈部肿瘤和重建手术的两组方法：消融考虑。

IF 2 4区医学

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000001080

Joshua D Smith, Richard A Raad, Shaum Sridharan, Kevin J Contrera, Seungwon Kim, Jessica H Maxwell, Steven B Chinn, Jose P Zevallos, Matthew E Spector

{"title":"Two-team approaches in modern head and neck oncologic and reconstructive surgery: ablative considerations.","authors":"Joshua D Smith, Richard A Raad, Shaum Sridharan, Kevin J Contrera, Seungwon Kim, Jessica H Maxwell, Steven B Chinn, Jose P Zevallos, Matthew E Spector","doi":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001080","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOO.0000000000001080","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Two-team approaches to head and neck cancer ablation and free flap reconstruction now occur concurrently in most centers. While the functional outcomes after head and neck ablation and reconstruction are typically examined through the lens of the reconstructive surgeon, optimizing the patient's functional outcome requires careful considerations of the entire surgical team. This review summarizes important intraoperative considerations for decision making by the surgical team, with a particular emphasis on ablative considerations, to optimize reconstructive outcomes after tumor extirpation.Recent findings: Intraoperatively, dynamic and deliberate communication between the ablative and reconstructive surgeons are critical in two-team approaches. Surgical principles such as thoughtful skin incision planning, atraumatic dissection of neck vessels, preservation of draining veins in the neck, preservation of nerves to maximize sensation of the native tissue, atraumatic handling of native mucosa, and communication in planning osteotomies of the mandible and maxilla may help to optimize functional outcomes after reconstruction.Summary: In two-team approaches to head and neck cancer ablation and free flap reconstruction, a focus on communication, flexibility, and trust between surgeons are of paramount importance. Importantly, the goals of the ablative and reconstructive surgeons are interdependent, yet in our experience, optimal reconstructive outcomes begin with the thoughtful peri-operative decision-making and intraoperative preservation of critical structures by the surgical team.","PeriodicalId":55195,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"331-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0