Current Problems in Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Germline and somatic mutations in prostate cancer: Implications for treatment","authors":"Cameron Chalker,&nbsp;Brie Chun,&nbsp;Alexandra O. Sokolova","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Genetic testing is an integral part of the workup of metastatic prostate cancer, in part, because the results can have a profound impact on the subsequent management of this disease. There are now several Food &amp; Drug Administration (FDA) approved therapeutics available for patients with prostate cancer and certain genetic abnormalities – most notably, mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways such mismatch repair (MMR) and homologous recombination repair (HRR). In this review of the current literature, we discuss the indications for somatic and germline testing, the genetic changes of particular clinical relevance, the associated therapeutic options, and the clinical data supporting their use. We also highlight select trials-in-progress and future directions for the field</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140878605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BER genes expression in oral and pre-oral cancer: Combinatorial approach to propose potential biomarker","authors":"Kumud Nigam ,&nbsp;Yogendra Verma ,&nbsp;Manish Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Somali Sanyal","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>DNA repair genes and their variants have been found to alter the risk of oral cancer.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The level of expression of XRCC3, NBS1, and OGG1 genes among 20 cases of oral cancer, 6 pre-oral cancer, and 50 healthy control subjects was measured with RT-PCR. All the subjects were also genotyped for XRCC3 rs861539 C&gt;T, NBS1 rs1805794 C&gt;G, and OGG1 rs1052133 C&gt;G polymorphisms by the PCR-RFLP method; their genotypes were correlated with their level of expression. Further, a localized fold structure analysis of the mRNA sequence surrounding the studied SNPs was performed with RNAfold.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results showed increased expression of XRCC3, NBS1, and OGG1 transcripts among oral cancer (4.49 fold, 3.45 fold, and 3.27 fold) as well as pre-oral cancer (3.04 fold, 5.32 fold, and 1.74 fold) as compared to control subjects. The transcript level of OGG1 was found to be significantly increased (6.68 fold, p-value 0.009) with the GG genotype compared to the CC genotype. The C&gt;T polymorphism of XRCC3 and the C&gt;G polymorphism of OGG1 result in an apparent change in its mRNA secondary structure. Folding energy with the C allele for XRCC3 C&gt;T polymorphism was lower than that of the T allele (MFE C vs T: -50.20 kcal/mol vs -48.70 kcal/mol). In the case of OGG1 C&gt;G polymorphism MFE for the C allele was higher (-23.30 kcal/mole) than with the G allele (-24.80 kcal/mol).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results showed elevated levels of XRCC3, NBS1, and OGG1 both in oral cancer and pre-oral cancer conditions, which indicates their role as prospective biomarkers of oral cancer and pre-cancerous lesions. SNPs in these genes alter their level of expression, possibly by altering the secondary structure of their transcript. However, due to the small sample size our study can only provide a suggestive conclusion and warned future study with large sample size to verify our findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140878604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A combined model using pre-treatment CT radiomics and clinicopathological features of non-small cell lung cancer to predict major pathological responses after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy","authors":"Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Hong Yang ,&nbsp;Wujie Chen ,&nbsp;Lei Ruan ,&nbsp;Tingting Jiang ,&nbsp;Lei Cheng ,&nbsp;Haitao Jiang ,&nbsp;Min Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the relationship between clinical pathological characteristics, pretreatment CT radiomics, and major pathologic response (MPR) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, and to establish a combined model to predict the major pathologic response of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective study of 211 patients with NSCLC who underwent neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and surgical treatment from January 2019 to April 2021 was conducted. The patients were divided into two groups: the MPR group and the non-MPR group. Pre-treatment CT images were segmented using ITK SNAP software to extract radiomics features using Python software. Then a radiomics model, a clinical model, and a combined model were constructed and validated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, Delong's test was used to compare the three models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The radiomics model achieved an AUC of 0.70 (95 % CI: 0.62-0.78) in the training group and 0.60 (95 % CI: 0.45-0.76) in the validation group. RECIST assessment results were screened from all clinical characteristics as independent factors for MPR with multivariate logistic regression analysis. The AUC of the clinical model for predicting MPR was 0.66 (95 % CI: 0.59-0.73) in the training group and 0.77 (95 % CI: 0.66-0.87) in the validation group. The combined model with combined radiomics and clinicopathological characteristics achieved an AUC was 0.76 (95 % CI: 0.68-0.84) in the training group, and 0.80 (95 % CI: 0.67-0.92) in the validation group. Delong's test showed that the AUC of the combined model was significantly higher than that of the radiomics model alone in both the training group (P = 0.0067) and the validation group (P = 0.0009).The calibration curve showed good agreement between predicted and actual MPR. Clinical decision curve analysis showed that the combined model was superior to radiomics alone.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Radiomics model can predict MPR in NSCLC after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with similar accuracy to RECIST assessment criteria. The combined model based on pretreatment CT radiomics and clinicopathological features showed better predictive power than independent radiomics model or independent clinicopathological features, suggesting that it may be more useful for guiding personalized neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy treatment strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140822921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platinum dose in neoadjuvant therapy for triple-negative breast cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Fausto Petrelli ,&nbsp;Antonio Ghidini ,&nbsp;Carmen Rea ,&nbsp;Maria Chiara Parati ,&nbsp;Karen Borgonovo ,&nbsp;Michele Ghidini ,&nbsp;Fiorella Ruatta ,&nbsp;Alberto Zaniboni ,&nbsp;Andrea Luciani ,&nbsp;Ornella Garrone ,&nbsp;Gianluca Tomasello","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>There are multiple neoadjuvant regimens, including platinum agents for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), each with a different safety profile, outcome, and pathologic complete response rate (pCR%). We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis t<strong>o</strong> compare the efficacy and safety of different platinum-based neoadjuvant CT treatments for TNBC.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched from their inception to October 31, 2022. Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials that evaluated the addition of carboplatin or cisplatin to standard neoadjuvant CT for TNBC. The primary endpoints were pCR rates and DFS/EFS, while the secondary endpoints were grade (G)3-4 hematological toxicity and OS.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirteen trials involving 3154 patients comparing six treatments (carboplatin AUC 5, carboplatin AUC 6, carboplatin AUC 2, carboplatin AUC 1.5, cisplatin 75 mg/m2, and standard anthracycline-and/or taxane-based CT) were identified. Based on the most effective treatments added to neoadjuvant CT, carboplatin AUC 2 was associated with the least improvement in pCR% (RR, 1.49; 95%CI, 1.23, 1.8), carboplatin AUC 6 was associated with similar improvement in pCR% (RR 1.58, 95%CI, 1.35, 1.84) and carboplatin AUC 5 with the highest improvement in pCR% (RR 2.23, 95%CI, 1.6,32). The treatment associated with the most considerable improvement in DFS when added to neoadjuvant CT was carboplatin AUC 5 (HR 0.36, 95%CI 0.18, 0.73). It was also better than AUC 6 and AUC 2 (HR= 0.45, 95%CI 0.21-0.96 and HR=0.48, 95%CI 0.23-0.98). All schedules exhibited similar outcomes in terms of OS; however, only AUC 2 demonstrated a significant improvement compared to the no-platinum arms. Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia G3-4 were significantly increased by carboplatin AUC 6.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Based on this network meta-analysis, carboplatin AUC 5 added to standard neoadjuvant CT may provide substantial pCR and DFS benefits with a low toxicity risk compared to other carboplatin doses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140546244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Borderline tumours of ovary and fertility preservation–Outcomes from a tertiary care center in India","authors":"Sarita Kumari ,&nbsp;Neerja Bhatla ,&nbsp;Chandrima Ray ,&nbsp;Bhawna Arora ,&nbsp;Sandeep Mathur ,&nbsp;Sunesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Lalit Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) are characterized by atypical epithelial proliferation without stromal invasion and majority are diagnosed in women of reproductive age group desirous of fertility preservation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective review of medical records of patients diagnosed with BOT and on regular follow up at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, during a nine-year study period from March 2014 to March 2023 was performed. Surgical treatment was classified as radical or fertility sparing surgery (FSS). Surgical staging was defined as complete, partial or un-staged.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Median age of 91 women was 34 years. Follow up period ranged from 4 to 222 months (median 77 months). Among 68 premenopausal women, 31 (46 %) underwent radical surgery and FSS in 37 (54 %) cases. Median time to conception in 29 women with future fertility wishes was 13 months (range, 4 to38 m). Seven of 29 cases (29 %) required ovulation induction. The pregnancy rate was 82.7 % and live birth rate was 80 %. Eight cases (8.7 %) had a recurrence (7- un-staged, 1- partially staged) and median time to recur was 36 months. There was no significant difference in recurrence between cystectomy/oophorectomy. Ovary was the site of recurrence in all surgically salvaged cases except peritoneal cavity in 1 case with mortality. Relapse free survival at 5 and 10 years in FSS and radical surgery group were similar.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>FSS is a safe procedure and should be considered in young patients desirous of future fertility along with a comprehensive peritoneal staging. Reproductive outcomes are excellent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101097"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140535546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solitary bone plasmacytoma: Long-term clinical outcomes in a single center","authors":"Shan Gao ,&nbsp;Yu-tong Wang ,&nbsp;Guang-yu Ma ,&nbsp;Min-qiu Lu ,&nbsp;Bin Chu ,&nbsp;Lei Shi ,&nbsp;Li-juan Fang ,&nbsp;Qiu-qing Xiang ,&nbsp;Yue-hua Ding ,&nbsp;Li Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A solitary plasmacytoma is classified into a solitary plasmacytoma of the bone (SBP) and a solitary extramedullary (soft tissue mass) plasmacytoma, based on the site of the lesion. Despite the high local control rate with radiotherapy, approximately half of patients’ conditions progress to multiple myeloma (MM) within 3–5 years after diagnosis, with SBP having a worse prognosis.</p></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><p>We retrospectively assessed the treatment and outcomes of patients with SBP in a hospital in China from 2008 to 2021. Twenty-four patients treated over 13 years with SBP were enrolled in this retrospective study.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The most common sites for SBP were the axial skeleton and femur. The M protein was detected in 11 patients (46 %), of which 8 (33 %) had light chains, 2 (8 %) had immunoglobulin G kappa and 1 (4 %) had immunoglobulin D kappa. Flow cytometry revealed that 5 patients (21 %) had minimal bone marrow involvement. The treatment included chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy in 18 (75 %), 12 (50 %), and 9 (38 %) patients, respectively, of whom 13 (54 %) received combined treatment. Over a median follow-up period of 67.2 months, 9 patients (38 %) developed MM in a median time of 101.5 months. The 5- and 10-year progression-free survival rates were 67.3 % and 37.4 %, respectively. One patient died due to pneumonia without progression and the other died due to relapse.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study confirmed the high rate of progression of SBP to MM, indicating a need for adjunct chemotherapy for the management of SBP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140535547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer genetics and treatment rift: Perspectives for coping challenges in low and middle-income countries","authors":"Sonali Deore ,&nbsp;Prassana Deshpande ,&nbsp;Jitendra Bhawalkar ,&nbsp;Srikanth Tripathy ,&nbsp;Priyanka Khopkar-Kale","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140344141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current management of uncommon EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Jonathan Q. Trinh ,&nbsp;Omar Abughanimeh","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are frequently implicated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Though these typically involve exon 19 in-frame deletions or L858R mutations in exon 21, uncommon EGFR mutations comprise 10-15 % of all EGFR mutations. These most frequently include G719X mutations in exon 18, L861Q mutations in exon 21, S768I mutations in exon 20, and in-frame insertions and/or duplications in exon 20. It is crucial to understand these distinct variants and their specific responses to active treatment options to optimize care. In this review, we discuss these uncommon mutations in depth and dissect the current literature regarding their treatment outcomes and subsequent evidence-based management guidelines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139667882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Title Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0147-0272(24)00024-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-0272(24)00024-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140645834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing skin lesion classification with advanced deep learning ensemble models: a path towards accurate medical diagnostics","authors":"Kavitha Munuswamy Selvaraj ,&nbsp;Sumathy Gnanagurusubbiah ,&nbsp;Reena Roy Roby Roy ,&nbsp;Jasmine Hephzipah John peter ,&nbsp;Sarala Balu","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Skin cancer, including the highly lethal malignant melanoma, poses a significant global health challenge with a rising incidence rate. Early detection plays a pivotal role in improving survival rates. This study aims to develop an advanced deep learning-based approach for accurate skin lesion classification, addressing challenges such as limited data availability, class imbalance, and noise. Modern deep neural network designs, such as ResNeXt101, SeResNeXt101, ResNet152V2, DenseNet201, GoogLeNet, and Xception, which are used in the study and ze optimised using the SGD technique. The dataset comprises diverse skin lesion images from the HAM10000 and ISIC datasets. Noise and artifacts are tackled using image inpainting, and data augmentation techniques enhance training sample diversity. The ensemble technique is utilized, creating both average and weighted average ensemble models. Grid search optimizes model weight distribution. The individual models exhibit varying performance, with metrics including recall, precision, F1 score, and MCC. The \"Average ensemble model\" achieves harmonious balance, emphasizing precision, F1 score, and recall, yielding high performance. The \"Weighted ensemble model\" capitalizes on individual models' strengths, showcasing heightened precision and MCC, yielding outstanding performance. The ensemble models consistently outperform individual models, with the average ensemble model attaining a macro-average ROC-AUC score of 96 % and the weighted ensemble model achieving a macro-average ROC-AUC score of 97 %. This research demonstrates the efficacy of ensemble techniques in significantly improving skin lesion classification accuracy. By harnessing the strengths of individual models and addressing their limitations, the ensemble models exhibit robust and reliable performance across various metrics. The findings underscore the potential of ensemble techniques in enhancing medical diagnostics and contributing to improved patient outcomes in skin lesion diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101077"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}