Ecohydrology最新文献

{"title":"Increasing Soil Water Drought in Response to Altered Precipitation Timing Across the Western United States","authors":"Fangyue Zhang,&nbsp;Joel A. Biederman,&nbsp;Daniel R. Schlaepfer,&nbsp;John B. Bradford,&nbsp;Sasha C. Reed,&nbsp;William K. Smith","doi":"10.1002/eco.2749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2749","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent trends of rising temperatures and longer droughts between precipitation events are impacting water-limited dryland ecosystems in the western United States. Although ecosystem drought response depends directly on soil moisture, trends in soil moisture (e.g., edaphic drought) remain more poorly explored than precipitation (e.g., meteorological drought), representing an important knowledge gap. Here, we applied the SOILWAT2 ecosystem water balance model to quantify long-term trends of soil moisture and edaphic drought using observed daily weather from 1976 to 2019 at 337 stations across the western United States. We assessed edaphic drought for different plant community types (grass dominated vs. shrub dominated), and explored variations with soil depth and texture. The duration of the longest edaphic drought in a given year increased by 1.5 ± 0.2 days/decade for grassy and 1.7 ± 0.2 days/decade for woody vegetation. Importantly, these trends in edaphic drought were consistent with but greater in magnitude compared with meteorological drought indicating more severe water stress for both plants and ecosystems. The correlation between meteorological drought and edaphic drought was greater under woody vegetation (0.45) compared with grass (0.34) and greater at surface soil depths (0–20 cm; 0.46) compared with the deeper soil (20–100 cm; 0.34). Among soil textures, the correlation between meteorological and edaphic drought was highest on sandy soils and lowest on finer textured silty soils. Using the biogeographic domains (eight western NEON domains), we found that the Pacific Northwest, Pacific Southwest, and Desert Southwest exhibited the strongest increases in edaphic drought through time, but lower correlation between meteorological and edaphic droughts. These findings characterize strong but variable connections between edaphic drought and meteorological drought across the western United States and demonstrate the critical influences of vegetation type, soil depth, and soil properties in mediating the magnitude and spatial distribution of edaphic drought.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Terrestrial Water–Energy Coupling Across Scales","authors":"Deanroy Mbabazi,&nbsp;Vinit Sehgal,&nbsp;Binayak P. Mohanty","doi":"10.1002/eco.2743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2743","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Terrestrial water–energy coupling (WEC), in the form of a non-linear relationship between Soil Moisture (SM) and evaporative fraction (EF, ratio of actual and potential evapotranspiration), controls critical ecohydrological processes. We investigate and parameterize the evolution of global SM–EF coupling from the field to remote-sensing (RS)-pixel. The field-scale EF and SM were obtained from eddy covariance (EC) and SM sensors at the global FLUXNET and Texas Water Observatory sites. RS-pixel-scale EF and SM estimates were obtained from Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) sensors, respectively. We estimate the <i>effective</i> thresholds of the WEC regimes from both EC and satellite datasets to highlight the influence of sub-pixel-scale heterogeneity, and, scaling and observational constraints on the evolution of WEC regimes from the field to RS-pixel scale. We argue that the changes in land surface conditions add a temporal variability in the critical thresholds of terrestrial WEC at RS pixel scale. We compare the critical WEC thresholds of the water- and energy-limited regimes with a SM drydown-based approach and highlight the similarities between both methods in partitioning dominant WEC regimes. EF and SM are strongly coupled in dryland arid and semi-arid regions compared to humid climates. WEC regimes and thresholds have strong interseason variability due to dynamic interactions between soil, vegetation and atmosphere at the RS-pixel scale. In contrast, field-scale SM-EF coupling is influenced predominantly by soil conditions and land-use/management practices. Hence, future development of Earth-system/Land-surface models must account for the inter-scale differences in the coupling between terrestrial water and energy fluxes representative of the ‘<i>effective</i>’ processes at large spatial scales.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eco.2743","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking the Flow Regime of Papyrus-Dominated Wetlands to Biologically Relevant Hydrologic Attributes","authors":"Alem Oyarmoi,&nbsp;Stephen Birkinshaw,&nbsp;Caspar J. M. Hewett,&nbsp;Hayley J. Fowler","doi":"10.1002/eco.2744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2744","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The dominant plant species in many African wetlands is <i>Cyperus papyrus</i>. Its adaptation to saturated and low-oxygen conditions and its dense structure and height provide breeding and feeding grounds for unique flora and fauna. As a keystone species adapted to local hydrology, the flooding regime of papyrus offers the full range of hydrologic conditions and events essential to ecosystem health. However, no study has attempted to link papyrus wetlands' flow regimes to their biologically relevant hydrologic attributes. This study assesses hydrologic alterations of a papyrus wetland's flow regime due to rice irrigation. We develop a conceptual ecological model linking papyrus to hydrologic attributes to determine the consequences of changed environmental flow components (EFCs) on papyrus as a habitat. We find that agricultural water management considerably alters the magnitude, duration, timing and rate of change of EFCs, which could affect productivity (seed dispersal, germination and establishment; rhizome spreading; papyrus distribution across transects; and dispersal of floating mats) in papyrus wetlands. However, the effect on the papyrus wetlands' natural pulsed regime is negligible when the ratio of irrigated area to catchment area is no greater than 1:150. Overall, a better understanding of the threats of water diversion for agriculture is made by linking papyrus' flow regimes to biologically relevant hydrologic attributes. Knowledge of the roles of the various EFCs could provide opportunities for conserving and protecting papyrus wetlands, especially for systems at risk of altered flows.</p>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eco.2744","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Perennials Survive the Droughts—Pulse–Reserve Dynamics in a Hyperarid Basin","authors":"Avshalom Babad,&nbsp;Olaf Bubenzer,&nbsp;Stefan Hecht,&nbsp;Elli Groner","doi":"10.1002/eco.2751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2751","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The hyperarid environment poses significant challenges to local vegetation. The main limiting factors are water scarcity and inconsistent precipitation regimes. Nevertheless, perennials flourish in hyperarid stream channels, predominantly acacia trees, which require significant amounts of water. This study seeks to reveal the mechanism that provides acacias with adequate water. Although the pulse–reserve model can explain how desert flora survives, hyperarid environments are much more complicated. Accordingly, direct rainfall is insufficient to sustain local perennials, which rely on runoff for their water source. The hyperarid Gvanim basin in southern Israel is a small watershed that supports many perennials, including a thriving population of acacia trees. High-resolution hydrological monitoring, including rain, evaporation, soil water content and flash flood discharge, along with surveys of lithology and acacia populations, allowed us to calculate the water balance for the basin and quantify the components of the pulse-reserve system. The results indicate that unique geological settings can retain runoff water from a single significant flash flood that is sufficient to sustain perennials even during drought years. We propose a modified pulse–reserve mechanism that provides water to large acacia trees during the hot dry summer in hyperarid areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eco.2751","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Future Without Control Basins: Compound Forest Disturbance and the Disappearance of Undisturbed Forested Catchments in the Western United States","authors":"Katie E. Schneider,&nbsp;Terri Hogue","doi":"10.1002/eco.2750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2750","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent decades, forest disturbances caused by wildfire, insect and disease-induced forest mortality and drought have increased in frequency and magnitude, especially in the Western United States. Forest disturbances have been shown to alter water budget partitioning. However, the water budget response to disturbance is inconsistent and is still being characterized within forest disturbance hydrology (FDH) literature. In this review and synthesis, we evaluate how FDH literature has grown in recent decades (2000–2021), and we extract papers discussing compound (or overlapping) forest disturbances in the Western United States. We then compare literature findings with the actual prevalence of forest disturbance (caused by wildfire, insects and disease) in forested catchments in the Western United States, at HUC-8, −10 and −12 scales. We find that 94% of HUC-8 basins, 85% of HUC-10 basins, and 60% of HUC-12 basins have experienced compound wildfire and insect/disease disturbance over the period 2000–2022, and virtually, no basins remain undisturbed. These figures contrast with recent FDH literature, where relatively few studies evaluate the hydrologic implications of compound disturbances. These findings suggest that FDH literature is not ‘meeting the moment’ and perhaps, more critically, that true control (or ‘static’) basins are nearly nonexistent in the Western United States. We highlight that as a community of ecohydrologists, we must rethink how we assess post-disturbance water budget partitioning. This will require better tools (e.g., models) to assess post-disturbance hydrology, more observations and especially cross-disciplinary collaborations between hydrology and forestry communities.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Stochastic Model to Predict Seed Dispersal in Linear and Stokes Waves","authors":"Jun Chen,&nbsp;Yuhong Zeng,&nbsp;Junqing Ren,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Liu","doi":"10.1002/eco.2746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2746","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant cultivation is utilized in coastal ecological restoration to cope with shrinking wetlands, and, benefiting from hydrochory, disseminating indigenous plant seeds represents a high-efficiency strategy. Random displacement model (RDM) is an efficient alternative to simulate seed dispersal progress via wave. Consequently, we investigated the effect of seed properties and wave characteristics on seeds motion in waves by RDM. Errors between the theoretical comprehensive longitudinal diffusion coefficient of the solute and the simulated one by RDM within an acceptable range indicate that the model is applicable for further simulation of particle dispersal in waves. Simulation results demonstrated that seeds with smaller size and density can transport farther in waves; larger wave heights, smaller water depths and longer wavelengths in linear waves and larger relative wave heights and smaller relative water depths in Stokes waves all promote longitudinally seed diffusion. Finally fitting formulas were proposed for the longitudinal propagation position (including mean and variance) of seed dispersal in linear and Stokes waves. Although this work can provide certain scientific guidance for the restoration of coastal vegetation ecology through natural colonization, there is still much work that needs to be conducted to further the research.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the Effects of Vegetation Distribution and Density on Hydrological Connectivity and Water Age in a River Delta","authors":"Madoche Jean Louis,&nbsp;Matthew Hiatt","doi":"10.1002/eco.2741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2741","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water transport timescales (WTTs) quantify how long it takes for water to travel through or remain in a system and are often cast as indicators of ecosystem function and health. Such timescales are known to be affected by vegetation in various environments. We quantify the impact of floodplain vegetation on WTTs within the Wax Lake Delta (WLD), a river delta system in Louisiana, USA, using a high-resolution Delft3D Flexible Mesh (DFM) model incorporating vegetation-induced flow resistance. We show that increased vegetation density leads to extended WTTs within vegetated sections of WLD while fostering flow localization and accelerating transport within distributary channels. We find that the presence or absence of floodplain vegetation significantly influences the volumetric flow directed towards the floodplain, with spatial distribution exerting more control than vegetation density. Vegetation density and spatial arrangement have minimal impact on flow directed out of the deltaic floodplain, indicating that vegetation does not constrain flow across the bayward boundary. Furthermore, network-scale water age distribution remains largely unaffected by vegetation density and spatial arrangement, except for slight modifications in the distribution's right tail. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how vegetation affects deltaic hydrology across scales, highlighting the importance of considering multi-scale vegetation influences for coastal restoration and management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eco.2741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Burning Severity and Root System on Herb Land Surface Evapotranspiration: A Study Based on Prescribed Fire in Southwest China","authors":"Kemin Liu,&nbsp;Lunjiang Wang,&nbsp;Lingqiu An,&nbsp;Jing Yang,&nbsp;Chuandai Miao,&nbsp;Yong Xian","doi":"10.1002/eco.2747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2747","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Post-fire evapotranspiration (ET) exerts a significant influence on soil moisture dynamics and thus vegetation recovery in, particularly, karst ecosystems in southwest China. Despite the widespread use of remote sensing and mathematical modelling to estimate large-scale land surface post-fire ET, few studies directly examine how burn severity and vegetation species affect small-scale ET. This study bridges the gap by conducting two experiments. In the first experiment, lysimeters containing <i>Artemisia Iavandulifolia</i> and <i>Miscanthus sinensis</i> (with tap and fibrous root systems, respectively) were grown for 2.5 years, followed by prescribed burning with varying severities (low, moderate and high). Post-fire ET was monitored over 1-year period, with unburned control for comparison. In the second experiment, the soil surface burns were carried out to assess ET under three surface conditions: burned surface with ash cover (BSA), burned surface without ash cover (BO) and unburned surface with ash cover (UA). The ET was measured using the mass change method, and atmospheric and soil moisture were also collected. Results indicated that prescribed fire reduced post-fire post-fire ET by up to 46%–62%, depending on both fire severity and herb species. On low and moderate burning severities surfaces, ET from <i>Miscanthus sinensis</i> was greater than that with <i>Artemisia Iavandulifolia</i>. But, in high-burning severity conditions, the opposite was true. This shift was due to varying heating depth of burn and root distribution of the two herbs. ET varied depending on atmosphere conditions. The dependence declined with the fire severity. The biomass and ash coverage were not significantly related to ET. However, decreasing evaporation was detected as the burning severity increased for the BSA and BO. These results suggested that the post-fire changes in soil properties were a key driver of ET dynamics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Space–Time Representation of Extraordinary Rainfall Events","authors":"Salvatore Manfreda","doi":"10.1002/eco.2742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2742","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extraordinary events are rarely observable in a single rainfall gauge, and this make extremely challenging the correct prediction of their arrivals. However, it may be possible to develop a more robust approach by employing a space–time modelling scheme that is able to capture the spatial dynamics of such phenomena. Therefore, a space–time Poisson model of rainfall cells with circular shape and random depth has been exploited for the first time to interpret the behaviour of this family of extraordinary events. This category of events that may be connected to larger meteorological phenomena not necessarily connected with local heterogeneity of the landscape. Following the identification of the observed extraordinary event across southern Italy, six zones with significantly different dynamics in terms of the frequency of such extremes were identified. Subsequently, a simple mathematical representation was adopted to calibrate the model parameters, leading to an estimate of regional probability distributions defined on the space–time occurrences of extraordinary events over homogeneous zones. The approach allows to overcome the limitations posed by point observations allowed the definition of a probability distribution that pertains to an entire area rather than just a point. The obtained quantiles of rainfall estimated seems to align well with the upper bound of the probability distribution of the annual maxima observed over the areas of interests.</p>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eco.2742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pumping Groundwater to Create Cold-Water Thermal Refuges in Warming Rivers","authors":"Kathryn A. Smith,&nbsp;Barret L. Kurylyk","doi":"10.1002/eco.2739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2739","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermal refuges in rivers and streams provide critical habitat for cold-water species during periods of thermal stress. In this study, we created a new cold-water thermal refuge by pumping cool groundwater to a warm coastal river in Nova Scotia, Canada. Thermal infrared imagery revealed a notable thermal plume, measuring approximately 55 m² at the water surface during low-flow conditions, with mixing limited by the installation of a flow deflector. Above-water and underwater cameras recorded several fish utilizing the created cold-water plume during periods of high ambient river temperatures (up to 30°C). Thermal numerical modelling was conducted to interpret the field data and assess the impact of alternative designs and conditions. Model results revealed that the extent of the created thermal plume substantially increased (+202%) with the use of a deflector and that the plume size was controlled by several factors including the river flow rate and temperature, the pumping rate and the groundwater temperature. The study findings demonstrate the efficacy of creating cold-water habitat in the face of a warming climate and lay the foundation for future proactive thermal management strategies aimed at maintaining thermal diversity in warming rivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eco.2739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}