Ecohydrology最新文献

{"title":"Fit for Purpose—Analyses of Macroinvertebrate Communities for Environmental Flow Assessment","authors":"Ewelina Szałkiewicz,&nbsp;Szymon Jusik,&nbsp;Tomasz Kałuża,&nbsp;Rui Aleixo,&nbsp;Mateusz Grygoruk","doi":"10.1002/eco.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Environmental flow assessment is crucial for sustainable water management. In assessing environmental flows using the most common methods, for example, habitat suitability modelling (HSM), it is assumed that the distribution of aquatic organisms is driven by hydraulic features and substrate type of the habitats. However, most of the existing research does not consider analyses of organisms' ecological traits and their community structure. To bridge this gap, we present the results of analyses of macroinvertebrate communities carried out for environmental flow purposes. The study was performed at two reaches of the Flinta River, a European, lowland, temperate and perennial river, with different degrees of hydromorphological alterations. We state that more detailed analyses of organisms' community in environmental flow assessment are needed. Thus, we assess the dissimilarity of the organism community structure sampled during field campaigns by means of statistical tests, and we analyse macroinvertebrate ecological traits and indicators commonly used to evaluate river status. Afterwards, we discuss the applicability of the analyses and provide recommendations for the future environmental flow assessments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships Between Aquatic Ecology, Landscapes, Hydrogeology and Hydrochemistry in Great Basin and Mojave Desert Spring Systems USA","authors":"Donald W. Sada,&nbsp;James M. Thomas","doi":"10.1002/eco.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Springs are groundwater-dependent systems sustaining most of the riparian and aquatic habitat in western North America's deserts. The relationship between hydrogeology and springs is recognized by groundwater hydrologists and ecologists; however, studies integrating these disciplines have focused on site and species-specific relationships. We examined environmental and biotic characteristics of persistent, reference springs following a Modified Regional Hydrologic Framework in 53 Great Basin and Mojave Desert springs. Springs in this region are fed by groundwater flow from various aquifers and they vary widely in elevation, discharge, substrate composition, temperature and electrical conductance (EC). Structural and bioassessment metrics of benthic macroinvertebrate communities were strongly associated with aquifer type (provenance) landscape settings, and groundwater flow paths (and associated residence times). Characteristics of these communities generally varied along an environmental gradient with intolerant communities in mountain aquifer springs, where groundwater flow paths and residence times are short, water is cool and EC is low. Increasingly tolerant communities occupy local aquifer bajada, local aquifer valley floor, (alluvial valley and playa) and local aquifer geothermal springs; and regional aquifer springs; where groundwater flow paths and residence times are longer than mountain aquifer springs, water is warmer and EC is higher. Longer flow paths and residence times often create a variety of harsh hydrochemical conditions. Suites of crenobionts characterize regional aquifer springs, where groundwater flow paths are longest, and groundwater residence times are oldest. The importance of hydrochemistry to structuring BMI communities suggests that water chemistry provides the foundation for the basic requirements, and limitations, for taxa to exist in a spring system. From this basic set of parameters, communities are then influenced by dispersal, history and physical characteristics of spring habitats. The hydrochemical relationships among springs in this region indicate that hydrogeology and spring ecosystem ecology are closely linked in these western deserts, and that integrating ecological and hydrogeological models will enhance the efficacy of groundwater use, spring ecosystem and biodiversity management, monitoring and protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eco.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictability of Cottonwood Recruitment Along a Dynamic, Regulated River","authors":"Rachel E. Wright,&nbsp;Sierra J. Phillips,&nbsp;Romina Diaz-Gomez,&nbsp;Yufang Jin,&nbsp;Mary L. Cadenasso,&nbsp;Gregory B. Pasternack","doi":"10.1002/eco.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Riparian vegetation planting and management are vital to river engineering projects. To inform of these activities, science needs to provide practitioners with a better understanding of influences on recruitment and where vegetation will most likely establish and survive. This study investigated whether the spatially explicit recruitment of <i>Populus fremontii</i> (Fremont cottonwood), a dominant riparian species in the western United States, could be predicted along a dynamic, alluvial regulated river. We used a ~34-km segment of the Yuba River in California, United States, which was mapped in 2017 after a large flood reset the terrain. Five years later from August through November 2022, a field campaign characterised precise locations of juvenile cottonwoods. We evaluated predictions from deterministic and statistical models. For the deterministic test, a spatially distributed riparian seedling recruitment model was used with expert-estimated parameters. The model was not accurate in this case but was informative. For the statistical approach, a supervised classification random forest (RF) algorithm, driven by 2017 hydrophysical and topographic variables, was trained and cross-validated using 2022 cottonwood presence and absence observations. The RF model had an overall accuracy of 87% and an AUC-ROC value of 94%, with the most important variables being the detrended DEM, channel proximity and inundation survival. Topographic variables were much more significant than hydrophysical ones. Further developments to understand underlying governing equations and recruitment model parameters will draw on lessons from the RF model. Both deterministic and statistical models are recommended to evaluate riparian vegetation restoration designs, as each yields unique insights.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal Water Movement and Residence Time Differ in Two Tree Species in a Temperate Deciduous Forest: Evidence From an In Situ D2O Isotope Tracer Study","authors":"Kevan J. Minick,&nbsp;Jennifer Bahramian,&nbsp;David Love,&nbsp;Lauren Tucker,&nbsp;Keith Reinhardt,&nbsp;Daniel M. Johnson,&nbsp;Ryan E. Emanuel","doi":"10.1002/eco.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To facilitate better predictive capabilities of hydrological fluxes in forested ecosystems, quantifying internal tree water movement at the tree species level is necessary. We measured short-term (daily) and long-term (weekly–monthly) water transport using isotopic breakthrough curves measured in real-time in tree species with different hydraulic anatomies (ring porous vs. tracheid). One gymnosperm species (loblolly pine; <i>Pinus taeda</i> L.) and one angiosperm species (southern red oak; <i>Quercus falcata</i>) were selected, which are common species across the Southeastern United States. Deuterated water (D₂O) was injected into the base of four trees per species (eight trees total) and tracked radially (within xylem tissues) and axially (along tree trunks) for 45 days within tree trunks and leaf water. At three heights along the main trunk, boreholes were installed to isolate distinct xylem tissues: (1) shallow sapwood (SS W); (2) deep sapwood (DSW); and (3) heartwood (HW). Initially, both species showed tracer enrichment in SSW. Subsequent tracer movement showed that oaks retained more tracer in HW and for a longer period of time than pines. Arrival time of tracer peaks ranged from 1 to 13 days in oaks (maximum δ²H = −109 to +7291) and from 1 to 4 days in pines (maximum δ²H = +22 to +8831), while time to recovery to baseline δ²H concentrations generally ranged from 7 to 38 days in oaks and from 2 to 6 days in pines. Accordingly, tracer residence time tended to be longer for all tissue depths measured in the oak trunks (1–9 days) and leaves (9–18 days) compared with pines (trunk: 0.2–3 days; leaf: 5–8 days), while tracer travel velocity was higher in pines for the trunk in the SSW and HW (2.8–5.6 m day⁻¹) compared with oaks (0.3–2.5 m day⁻¹), but not when estimated at the leaf. Although sapwood and HW are hydraulically connected, the degree of connectivity varied between tree species. Results from this study open the door for more focused studies and a greater understanding of internal water movement within mature trees.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish Community Structure and Environmental Drivers in a Tropical River Wetland Continuum: A Study From Brahmaputra Basin in the Eastern Himalayan Region","authors":"Pritam Das,&nbsp;Asha T. Landge,&nbsp;B. B. Nayak,&nbsp;Karankumar Ramteke,&nbsp;B. K. Das,&nbsp;S. K. Majhi,&nbsp;A. K. Yadav,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar,&nbsp;Prastuti Saikia,&nbsp;Sahina Akter,&nbsp;Simanku Borah","doi":"10.1002/eco.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study investigates the fish community structure and environmental drivers of Deepor Beel, a floodplain wetland situated in the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam, India. Recognized as a Ramsar site of international importance, Deepor Beel is a biodiverse habitat that supports a variety of flora and fauna, including a rich ichthyofaunal diversity. This research recorded 55 fish species across 9 orders and 21 families, with Cypriniformes and Cyprinidae being the dominant order and family, respectively. Seasonal variations were evident, with the monsoon season exhibiting the highest species richness due to the beel's connectivity with the Brahmaputra River. Environmental factors such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and ammonia levels were identified as critical determinants of fish abundance and community structure. The study applied biodiversity indices like Shannon–Wiener, Margalef and Simpson indices to quantify species richness and evenness, highlighting significant diversity fluctuations across seasons. The monsoon and postmonsoon period recorded higher diversity and species richness compared to the winter and premonsoon period. The research also highlights the growing threats to Deepor Beel, including eutrophication, habitat degradation, pollution and the introduction of non-native species. Despite these challenges, the beel remains an important ecological and economic resource, supporting fisheries and local livelihood. The findings underline the necessity for a sustainable management approach, including the implementation of conservation strategies to mitigate anthropogenic disturbances and preserve the ecological integrity of Deepor Beel. The study offers baseline data crucial for guiding future conservation efforts and emphasizes the need for formal management plans to ensure the long-term sustainability of this vital wetland ecosystem.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Morphological Plasticity of Dwarf Bamboo (Pleioblastus chino) Influences Stemflow Generation Under Different Canopy Conditions","authors":"Yutaka Abe,&nbsp;Takashi Gomi,&nbsp;Norihisa Nakamura,&nbsp;Chen-Wei Chiu","doi":"10.1002/eco.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated the morphological traits and stemflow production of the understory dwarf bamboo <i>Pleioblastus chino</i> under different canopy conditions in a temperate deciduous forest. The mean stem density was 1.9 times higher in the open (Op) plot, in which the canopy had been removed, than in the forested (Uc) plot. Due to the high availability of solar radiation in the Op plot, leaves were concentrated in the upper sections of stems, and the leaf area index was 2–3 times greater than that in the Uc plot. Despite differences in leaf morphological traits, stemflow corresponded to precipitation inputs in both plots. However, the stemflow rate responded more rapidly to precipitation in the Op plot than the Uc plot; this was related to differences in the amount and timing of initial canopy storage and interception loss. The mean stemflow volume was 1.8–2.4 times greater in the Op plot than the Uc plot due to differences in interception loss. The morphological adaptations under the high-irradiance conditions of the Op plot altered the leaf height and distribution, enabling individual stems with a greater number of leaves attached at higher positions on the stem to collect rainwater more efficiently and generate greater stemflow. Classification based on stem height and leaf number ratio also highlights adaptive morphologies in response to light conditions, which enhance rainwater collection and stemflow efficiency in the Op plot. Thus, alterations in the morphological traits of <i>P. chino</i> enhanced not only the radiation use efficiency but also the water use efficiency via water transfer to the rhizome. These results suggest that morphological plasticity associated with forest canopy conditions enhances the ecological adaptivity of dwarf bamboo through radiation and water use.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Fish Habitat Stress in a Large Floodplain Lake: A Hydrodynamic Modelling Approach for Seasonal Water Temperature Dynamics","authors":"Kang Wang,&nbsp;R. Iestyn Woolway,&nbsp;Jingqiao Mao,&nbsp;Dinghua Meng,&nbsp;Peipei Zhang,&nbsp;Yanhong Chen,&nbsp;Huan Gao,&nbsp;Mingming Tian,&nbsp;Tengfei Hu","doi":"10.1002/eco.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lake water temperature serves as a significant indicator of global climate change, and its seasonal variability will affect fish habitats, their growth and reproduction cycles. Investigating potential fish habitats and periods of habitat stress is crucial for fisheries and the conservation of rare species, offering both economic and ecological benefits. This study employed a hydrodynamic model coupled with heat flux exchange to simulate the seasonal variations of water temperature in Poyang Lake, China's largest freshwater lake. Using optimal water temperature ranges of dominant fish species in this large lake, we identified periods of fish habitat stress and mapped the spatial distribution in the number of optimal days. Our results reveal distinct spatial patterns in the seasonal distribution of water temperatures in Poyang Lake, such as significant temperature differences in spring and winter compared to smaller differences in summer and autumn, accompanied by a temperature gradient from southeast to northwest. Additionally, our simulations suggest that fish are more prone to habitat stress from December to March, with thermal stress occurring more frequently during this period. This research establishes a correlation between fish habitats and water temperatures in China's largest lake, which could provide essential information for fisheries management and the conservation of ecologically and economically important fish species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Vegetation Succession in the Yellow River Basin and Its Impact on Runoff","authors":"Wenxian Guo,&nbsp;Hai Shi,&nbsp;Xuyang Jiao,&nbsp;Long Yu,&nbsp;Hongxiang Wang,&nbsp;Baojian Li","doi":"10.1002/eco.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vegetation is an important part of the ecosystem and all play an important role in the hydrological cycle. This study uses MODIS NDVI data from the Yellow River Basin (YRB) for the last two decades, together with corresponding meteorological and hydrological data for the same period. Spatial and temporal trends in vegetation succession within the YRB were analysed using a variety of methods including Theil-Sen median trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test, partial correlation, geographic detector and Hurst index. Furthermore, attribution analyses were performed, along with a quantitative assessment of the influence on runoff through the application of the Budyko–Fu equation. The results indicate that: (1) the vegetation cover of the YRB exhibited a significant overall increasing trend from 2001 to 2021, characterized by a multi-year average NDVI value of 0.574 and an average growth rate of 0.0047/a. (2) Precipitation and NDVI exhibited a strong positive correlation, whereas air temperature and the evapotranspiration factor demonstrated a negative correlation. The contributions of human activities and climate change to vegetation changes in the YRB were quantified at 57.8% and 42.2%, respectively. (3) Future projections indicate a declining trend in NDVI within the YRB. (4) Runoff in the basin increased from 2001 to 2012, then decreased from 2013 to 2017, and subsequently increased again after 2018, revealing an overall upward trend. (5) The impact of changes in vegetation cover on runoff variations ranged from 7.6% to 18.1%. This study offers a valuable reference for ecosystem protection and sustainable development in the YRB.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact Assessment of River Evolution in the Yellow River Using Ecohydraulic Model","authors":"Yanbing Qi,&nbsp;Yike Li,&nbsp;Chenyang Cao,&nbsp;Qianqian Wang,&nbsp;Lijian Ouyang,&nbsp;Wenyi Zhang,&nbsp;Weiwei Yao","doi":"10.1002/eco.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The construction and operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir and the cascade reservoirs have significantly altered the flow and sediment dynamics in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, impacting riverbed evolution and fish habitat. However, few studies have assessed the impact of river shapes and river evolutions on fish habitat suitability in the Yellow River. In this study, we investigated the impact of the shape of river reach on fish habitat suitability level based on the model system incorporating hydrodynamics, sediment transport and fish habitat suitability parameters. The habitat and ecological situation regarding HSI, WUA and OSI were evaluated for both goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) and bronze gudgeon (<i>Coreius heterodon</i>) in braided river and meandering river reaches in the lower Yellow River. Additionally, long-term changes in riverbed physical conditions and fish habitat suitability were examined to better understand the effects of river reach and river evolution. Modelled results indicate that fish habitat suitability in both upstream braided and downstream meandering sections enhances with the increasing of flow discharge. Goldfish shows higher habitat suitability in the braided river, whereas bronze gudgeon is more suitable in the meandering river. Over time, however, significant riverbed deformation degrades fish habitat suitability. Habitat suitability decreases progressively, and after the 10th year, neither the upstream braided river nor the downstream meandering river remains suitable for goldfish or bronze gudgeon. Overall, coupling hydrodynamic models with fish habitat models improves our understanding of how river shape and long-term river evolution affect fish habitat suitability, providing valuable insights for future ecological management and conservation efforts.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience at the Cost of Productivity: Biological Soil Crusts Mediate Vegetation Spatial Self-Organization in Drylands","authors":"Daniel J. Kozar,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Rachata Muneepeerakul,&nbsp;Xiaoli Dong","doi":"10.1002/eco.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Water redistribution during rain events in drylands plays a critical role in the persistence and spatial pattern of vascular plants in these patchy ecosystems. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) form a membrane in the soil surface and mediate ecohydrological dynamics. However, little is known about their influence on dryland ecosystem state and spatial pattern under changing climate, which may alter total annual rainfall and intraannual rainfall regime. Building on existing models, we develop a model that considers BSC–vascular plant interactions and realistic ecohydrological dynamics under rainfall pulses. We find that the presence of BSCs often increases ecosystem resilience by promoting runoff to plants under high aridity. However, the benefit of BSCs comes at the cost of plant biomass under relatively wetter conditions; a threshold in BSC effect occurs when water losses from BSCs exceed the benefit by their surface water routing to plants. Increased resilience from BSCs, and their own persistence, can be promoted in finer soils and under rainfall regimes of less frequent events—projected for many drylands. Lastly, we find that BSCs alter feedbacks underlying plant spatial self-organization and hence their formed patterns. In high aridity, BSCs likely ameliorate competition between plants through large scale runoff promotion, reducing plant spatial pattern regularity. Our analysis highlights that BSCs significantly shape drylands' response to climate change and their positive effects on resilience may be stronger and more pervasive in a drier future, but such benefits come at a cost of ecosystem biomass and productivity when aridity is outside a critical range.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}