Ecological Applications最新文献

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The recruitment niche of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) and implications for woodland restoration. 山桦树(Betula pubescens ssp.)的采伐生态位。Tortuosa)及其对林地恢复的影响。
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Ecological Applications Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/eap.70115
Guðrún Óskarsdóttir, Kristín Svavarsdóttir, James D M Speed, Thóra Ellen Thórhallsdóttir
{"title":"The recruitment niche of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) and implications for woodland restoration.","authors":"Guðrún Óskarsdóttir, Kristín Svavarsdóttir, James D M Speed, Thóra Ellen Thórhallsdóttir","doi":"10.1002/eap.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The extensive restoration of fragmented woodlands calls for practices appropriate to large-scale efforts. These simultaneously require an understanding of ecosystem-level processes and the plant-scale environment. The recruitment niche of the target species is crucial, that is conditions required for seed germination to seedling establishment. Our study contributes to underpinning the science behind successfully promoting the utilization of natural regeneration in woodland restoration in a subarctic environment. We identified the recruitment niche of the only native forest-forming species in Iceland. From 2018 to 2020, we quantified mountain birch seed accumulation, germination, and early seedling survival in relation to substrate types within 500-m-long transects at two study sites on Skeiðarársandur outwash plain, southeast Iceland. At the time of the study, the founding population in this early successional environment had recently reached reproductive maturity. Mountain birch seeds were most likely to accumulate on vegetated surfaces and to germinate in low-growing vegetation, with unimpeded sunlight. Survival was not significantly influenced by substrate types, but was surprisingly high (generally >50%) for the first 1-2 years, although most seedlings were still very small. Overall, recruitment was consistently greater than expected in thin moss (~1 cm), which may be considered a key substrate type for mountain birch recruitment success. Due to high cover of suitable substrate types in the study area, the spatial pattern of the first locally recruited generation of mountain birch was determined at the earliest life history stage, by dispersal limitation. Our study highlights the importance of the recruitment niche for successful restoration and of securing seed input when dispersal may be limited. This allows for scaling up the restoration of severely fragmented woodlands, for which the pending restoration of Icelandic woodlands serves as a case study. The rapid mountain birch establishment on Skeiðarársandur shows that woodland restoration may not need major interventions; however, they must be based on profound knowledge of colonizing processes. Thus, restoration with minimal human assistance can be a practical, low-cost option.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 7","pages":"e70115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of forest disturbances and an introduced ungulate on carbon storage in boreal forests 森林干扰及引进有蹄类动物对北方针叶林碳储量的影响
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Ecological Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1002/eap.70092
Rachael Moran, Shawn J. Leroux, Yolanda F. Wiersma, Darroch M. Whitaker
{"title":"Effects of forest disturbances and an introduced ungulate on carbon storage in boreal forests","authors":"Rachael Moran,&nbsp;Shawn J. Leroux,&nbsp;Yolanda F. Wiersma,&nbsp;Darroch M. Whitaker","doi":"10.1002/eap.70092","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Selective browsing by ungulates alters forest structure and composition, with research suggesting that these effects may be amplified in recently disturbed forests and in novel environments (i.e., introduced ungulates). Though the net effects of herbivory following disturbances on carbon storage in boreal forests are not well understood, they are likely important to inform climate-smart ecosystem management. We conducted observational and experimental (i.e., 24- to 27-year-old paired exclosure–control plots) field studies to determine the effects of non-native moose and common boreal forest disturbances (i.e., fires and insect outbreaks) on total, aboveground, and belowground carbon storage in Newfoundland, Canada. We measured carbon stocks at 46 plots in the field and used published allometric equations to estimate the carbon stored in trees, deadwood, woody shrubs, saplings, herbaceous plants, ground vegetation, and roots. We also collected samples of forest litter and organic soil layers for analysis of carbon content. We then fit a suite of generalized linear models to assess the effects of disturbances and moose herbivory on carbon storage. Using our observational data, we found that total carbon stored was highest in mature forests (198.18 ± 136.77 kg C/9 m<sup>2</sup>; mean ± SD), compared to insect-disturbed (57.47 ± 30.72 kg C/9 m<sup>2</sup>) and previously burned (42.57 ± 34.28 kg C/9 m<sup>2</sup>) areas. We found further evidence of this using our experimental data, as aboveground carbon storage was reduced in disturbed forests. Although, on average, exclosures stored more carbon (133.54 ± 134.69 kg C/9 m<sup>2</sup>; mean ± SD) than their paired controls (95.23 ± 66.94 kg C/9 m<sup>2</sup>), we did not detect a statistically significant effect of moose presence on carbon storage after 24–27 years of exclusion. We also did not find a relationship between moose density and carbon storage in our observational data. Overall, we demonstrated that forest disturbances are a key driver of carbon storage and that moose effects on carbon storage are highly variable across the landscape. We recommend that future research be done in areas having consistent ungulate management and long-term population data and that detailed plant community data be collected to better understand the roles of ungulate density and plant palatability on carbon storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145116553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Besides aridity, plant communities are a non-negligible factor in determining soil bacterial and fungal diversity 除了干旱,植物群落是决定土壤细菌和真菌多样性的一个不可忽视的因素
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Ecological Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1002/eap.70094
Nier Su, Qing Zhang, François Rineau, Xiaoqian Gong, Yong Ding, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
{"title":"Besides aridity, plant communities are a non-negligible factor in determining soil bacterial and fungal diversity","authors":"Nier Su,&nbsp;Qing Zhang,&nbsp;François Rineau,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Gong,&nbsp;Yong Ding,&nbsp;Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia","doi":"10.1002/eap.70094","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The impact of aridity on above- and belowground biodiversity can be profound. However, it remains unclear how drought stress influences belowground biodiversity through the complex interplay of soil quality, plant communities, and the direct effects of soil moisture deficit. In this study, we randomly selected 80 sampling plots along a 1000-km natural aridity gradient from east to west of the Inner Mongolia grasslands to identify the factors that influence soil bacterial and fungal diversity in arid and semiarid regions. Our results revealed that both soil bacterial and fungal diversity decreased with increasing aridity. Structural equation models demonstrated that aridity indirectly affected regional-scale soil bacterial and fungal diversity by regulating plant diversity and biomass. Plant biomass and community composition elicited a much stronger impact on soil fungal diversity than on soil bacterial diversity. A detailed analysis revealed that soil fungal and bacterial diversity were significantly correlated with specific plant taxa biomass. However, plant traits did not explain the positive or negative correlations between soil bacterial and fungal diversity and plant species dynamics. Instead, our data suggest that plant biomass is the primary driver controlling soil microbial (mainly fungal) diversity. Our study shows that aridity reduces soil bacterial and fungal diversity on a regional scale and indicates that aridity indirectly influences soil community composition through plant communities. Our findings indicate that plant community dynamics should be considered in assessing soil bacterial and fungal diversity on a regional scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145116174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scale-dependent controls on forest gaps shaped by large trees and topographic heterogeneity 由大树和地形异质性形成的林隙的尺度依赖性控制
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Ecological Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1002/eap.70109
Jiale Chen, Tommaso Jucker, Xiaoran Wang, Fabian Jörg Fischer, Beibei Zhang, Zhaochen Zhang, Jianbo Hu, Qingsong Yang, Xihua Wang, Yu Liu, Minhua Zhang, Juyu Lian, Wanhui Ye, Buhang Li, Chengjin Chu, Xinlian Liang, Jian Zhang
{"title":"Scale-dependent controls on forest gaps shaped by large trees and topographic heterogeneity","authors":"Jiale Chen,&nbsp;Tommaso Jucker,&nbsp;Xiaoran Wang,&nbsp;Fabian Jörg Fischer,&nbsp;Beibei Zhang,&nbsp;Zhaochen Zhang,&nbsp;Jianbo Hu,&nbsp;Qingsong Yang,&nbsp;Xihua Wang,&nbsp;Yu Liu,&nbsp;Minhua Zhang,&nbsp;Juyu Lian,&nbsp;Wanhui Ye,&nbsp;Buhang Li,&nbsp;Chengjin Chu,&nbsp;Xinlian Liang,&nbsp;Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1002/eap.70109","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The size, number, and distribution of forest canopy gaps vary significantly across spatial scales, yet their relationships with underlying drivers, such as large trees, topography, and soil properties, remain insufficiently comprehended. We utilized an unmanned aerial vehicle to measure forest gap patterns (size, number, and aggregation) at seven spatial scales (20–400 m) in four subtropical forests and quantified the effect of large trees, topography, and soil in shaping gap patterns using ground inventory data. Gap size and aggregation showed significant variation across scales. Large trees and topographic complexity were major factors of gap patterns, with their effects depending on scale. Large trees in two forests had a significantly negative effect on gap size and density at the 20-m scale, but this effect was weaker and positive at the 100-m scale. Topography had the strongest effect on gap aggregation at a small scale (20 m) and on gap size and density at a larger scale (100 m). These results underscore the importance of spatial scale in understanding forest dynamics and highlight how community-level factors shape canopy structure. Identifying scale-dependent drivers of gap patterns can inform gap-based restoration and conservation strategies. Forest managers can reduce gap clustering by protecting large trees, especially in wind-prone areas, helping to maintain canopy structure, promote species diversity, and enhance ecosystem resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Agricultural intensification indirectly reshapes bee–plant interaction networks through shifts in bee functional traits 农业集约化通过蜜蜂功能性状的变化间接重塑了蜜蜂-植物相互作用网络
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Ecological Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1002/eap.70105
Domingo Cano, Carlos Martínez-Núñez, Antonio J. Pérez, Julio M. Alcántara, Marco Moretti, Teresa Salido, Pedro J. Rey
{"title":"Agricultural intensification indirectly reshapes bee–plant interaction networks through shifts in bee functional traits","authors":"Domingo Cano,&nbsp;Carlos Martínez-Núñez,&nbsp;Antonio J. Pérez,&nbsp;Julio M. Alcántara,&nbsp;Marco Moretti,&nbsp;Teresa Salido,&nbsp;Pedro J. Rey","doi":"10.1002/eap.70105","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-intensity farming can lead to non-random local extinctions and functional filtering of pollinating insect assemblages, disproportionately harming species with certain traits. This process can ultimately reshape pollinator–plant interaction networks in predictable, consistent manners, although this pathway remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate how agricultural intensification affects the structure of bee–plant interaction networks both directly and indirectly by influencing the functional composition and diversity (in terms of foraging and nesting traits) of the bee assemblages. We considered 24 paired olive farms with contrasting management over a gradient of landscape complexity. We characterized the network structure and functional composition of bee assemblages visiting floral patches in the olive fields by using both functional identity and diversity metrics. We then built Bayesian multilevel models to assess the direct and indirect (via functional filtering processes) effects of agricultural intensification on network properties. We found that most of the effects of agricultural intensification on bee–plant network properties in floral patches occur through the filtering of the bee functional traits. However, while the effects of farming practices occur fundamentally through the filtering of foraging traits, the landscape effects occur via the modification of the nesting guilds. High-intensity herb cover management negatively affected larger bees (also highly correlated with longer proboscis), resulting in a decrease in the overlap of bees' interaction niches. This filtering was mitigated in flowering patches with higher floral cover, which increased the functional diversity of bees, ultimately reducing the overlap of the plants' interaction niches. In turn, the loss of semi-natural habitats in the landscape disproportionately favored ground excavators, causing homogenization of nesting guild composition. This, coupled with decreased floral abundance (patch scale), led to less diverse and structurally simpler networks. In conclusion, our study suggests that agricultural intensification reshapes bee–plant networks in olive landscapes through functional filtering of bee assemblages and provides cues to mitigate these effects. On a small scale, floral patches with abundant flowers buffer the filtering of bees' foraging traits, suggesting that well-managed flower patches help mitigate the functional depletion imposed by agricultural intensification. Meanwhile, favoring semi-natural remnants at a large scale attenuates the homogenization of nesting guild composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.70105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dominant species drive ecosystem multifunctionality under changed precipitation timing in a semiarid steppe 降水时间变化下半干旱草原优势物种驱动生态系统多功能性
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Ecological Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-21 DOI: 10.1002/eap.70106
Hongyan Zhu, Chunkun Fan, Huiru Jin, Yuxian Zhang, Hongjiao Wang, Guoyong Li, Rui Xiao, Zhongling Yang
{"title":"Dominant species drive ecosystem multifunctionality under changed precipitation timing in a semiarid steppe","authors":"Hongyan Zhu,&nbsp;Chunkun Fan,&nbsp;Huiru Jin,&nbsp;Yuxian Zhang,&nbsp;Hongjiao Wang,&nbsp;Guoyong Li,&nbsp;Rui Xiao,&nbsp;Zhongling Yang","doi":"10.1002/eap.70106","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biodiversity significantly affects ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF), particularly in the context of changing precipitation patterns. However, the relative importance of multiple dimensions of diversity (e.g., taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity [PD]) on EMF under different precipitation patterns remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a 7-year field manipulation experiment in the semiarid steppe to examine the effects of taxonomic, functional, and PD on total EMF, aboveground ecosystem multifunctionality (AGEMF), and belowground ecosystem multifunctionality (BGEMF) under changed precipitation in different periods. The results showed that decreased precipitation in the early (DEP), late (DLP), and entire growing season (DP) reduced EMF by 6.5%, 8.4%, and 11.6%, respectively, whereas increased precipitation in different periods had no effect on EMF. DEP, DLP, and DP decreased AGEMF by 10.0%, 9.7%, and 19.0%, respectively. In contrast, increased precipitation in the early (IEP) and entire (IP) growing season enhanced AGEMF by 5.1% and 6.9%, respectively. However, increased precipitation during the late growing season (ILP) did not affect AGEMF. DLP and DP decreased BGEMF by 13.3% and 11.2%, respectively, whereas other precipitation treatments had no effect on BGEMF. Species dominance was the major driver of AGEMF and BGEMF under precipitation decreases while soil moisture was the best predictor of AGEMF under precipitation increases. In contrast, functional and PD had no effect on EMF. The greater sensitivity of EMF, AGEMF, and BGEMF to precipitation decreases than to precipitation increases indicates an asymmetric response of EMF to precipitation changes, highlighting that DLP weakens EMF by reducing the roles of dominant species in the semiarid steppe. The findings are crucial for informing effective grassland management policies and maintaining stable ecosystem provisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Landscape context affects both capture probability and abundance of solitary bees in cities 城市景观环境对独居蜜蜂的捕获概率和丰度都有影响。
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Ecological Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1002/eap.70099
Karen A. Dooley, Atticus W. Murphy, Elizabeth E. Crone
{"title":"Landscape context affects both capture probability and abundance of solitary bees in cities","authors":"Karen A. Dooley,&nbsp;Atticus W. Murphy,&nbsp;Elizabeth E. Crone","doi":"10.1002/eap.70099","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is intuitive to hypothesize that urban landscapes are broadly hostile to insects, but responses of wild bees to urbanization are inconsistent and often positive. Many people have interpreted this to mean that bees can persist in small habitat fragments in urban landscapes (hereafter the “Patch of Dreams” hypothesis). Another possible mechanism for this surprising pattern is that bees are more attracted to sampling sites or traps in resource-poor landscapes, and the apparent abundance of bees in cities is due to higher capture probability, not higher abundance (the “Only Show in Town” hypothesis). We used a mark–recapture study of the bicolored sweat bee (<i>Agapostemon virescens</i>) to separate capture probability from true abundance. We estimated the contributions of each factor (capture probability vs. abundance) to visitation rates of experimental flower patches in flower-rich gardens and paired non-garden sites along a landscape-scale impervious surface gradient (~35%–95% impervious surface). Bee abundance declined along the gradient in both site types (garden vs. non-garden), and this decline was more apparent for true abundance than for the number of visits to flower patches. Capture probability was higher in non-garden than garden sites and, along the landscape gradient, capture probability increased with impervious surface in non-garden but decreased with impervious surface in garden sites. These results support the Only Show in Town hypothesis at local scales, and at landscape scales when local resources are sparse. This finding emphasizes that the number of bees seen visiting flowers is not a consistent metric of population size across varying resource environments. Understanding the relationship between the sampling process and true abundance at landscape scales is an important priority for future research. In addition to these results, all of our experimental patches were used by <i>A. virescens</i>. This finding emphasizes the importance of urban gardens for supporting native bees, since even isolated flower patches were used by <i>A. virescens</i> in highly fragmented landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Density-dependent resource partitioning of temperate large herbivore populations under rewilding 再野化条件下温带大型食草动物种群的密度依赖资源分配。
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Ecological Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1002/eap.70090
Eduard Mas-Carrió, Perry Cornelissen, Han Olff, Luca Fumagalli
{"title":"Density-dependent resource partitioning of temperate large herbivore populations under rewilding","authors":"Eduard Mas-Carrió,&nbsp;Perry Cornelissen,&nbsp;Han Olff,&nbsp;Luca Fumagalli","doi":"10.1002/eap.70090","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In tropical grazer assemblies with abundant large predators, smaller herbivores have been shown to be limited by predation and food quality, while the larger species are regulated by food abundance. Much less is known about herbivore resource partitioning in temperate grazing ecosystems, where humans typically regulate large animal abundances. The Oostvaardersplassen ecosystem in the Netherlands is a unique multispecies assemblage of cattle, horses, red deer, and geese developed after the initial introduction of a few individuals in 1983. During the first 35 years, this herbivore assemblage without predation or human regulation gradually changed into an increasing dominance of the smaller herbivore species. Carrying capacity was reached around 2008, after which numbers started fluctuating depending on winter conditions. From 2018, management changed and population numbers became regulated for biodiversity and animal welfare reasons; however, population numbers still remained close to carrying capacity for several years. We used eDNA metabarcoding of dung to quantify the diet composition of cattle, horses, red deer, and geese, annually in early winter from 2018 to 2021 and calculated their niche overlap. We found strong interspecific diet overlap. Horse and cattle diets remained mostly stable with fluctuating densities of the different species, while only red deer diet showed density dependence. Interspecific niche overlap decreased with increasing red deer population size, the most abundant species. When calculated as total energy expenditure, we found that niche overlap was more linked to red deer abundance than to total herbivore energy intake. We suggest that red deer changed their diet mainly in response to their own population size, reducing their niche overlap in relation to their population increase. In this case, resource competition reduced resource availability and forced herbivores to consume different plant taxa. We conclude that in this predator-free temperate ecosystem, inter- and intraspecific resource competition are key factors structuring this assemblage of different size herbivores. We find a general competitive advantage of the more diet-flexible red deer over horses and cattle, but with also clear signs of resource partitioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.70090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Linking aquatic vegetation structure with ecosystem metabolism throughout the Klamath River, California, USA 美国加州克拉马斯河水生植被结构与生态系统代谢的联系。
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Ecological Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1002/eap.70089
Laurel Genzoli, Robert O. Hall Jr.
{"title":"Linking aquatic vegetation structure with ecosystem metabolism throughout the Klamath River, California, USA","authors":"Laurel Genzoli,&nbsp;Robert O. Hall Jr.","doi":"10.1002/eap.70089","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While terrestrial biomes are routinely defined by their dominant vegetation structure and coupled primary productivity regimes, connecting primary productivity regimes with the properties of aquatic vegetation in rivers is uncommon. Gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) indicate riverine ecosystem processes that are useful for monitoring river response to human alterations, global change, and restoration, but how aquatic vegetation structure and biomass influence GPP and ER is poorly known. We related patterns in the time series of daily GPP and ER to submerged aquatic vegetation biomass at 11 reaches on the Klamath River, California, downstream of four dams prior to their removal in 2024. Rooted macrophytes dominated vegetation assemblages at upriver sites and transitioned to filamentous algae downriver. Fluxes of GPP and ER were high compared to those of other rivers, with the magnitude and timing of mean ER, mean GPP, peak GPP, GPP variability, and green-up varying among sites. While total autotrophic biomass correlated strongly with mean summer GPP (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>r</mi>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ r= $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 0.80), evidence of macrophytes driving mean summer GPP was weaker (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>r</mi>\u0000 <mo>&lt;</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ r&lt; $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 0.60). Relationships between mean summer ER and macrophyte biomass and total autotrophic biomass (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>r</mi>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ r= $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 0.93 and 0.87, respectively) were stronger than relationships between biomass and GPP. This strong relationship between ER and biomass was due to ER increasing late in summer, possibly because respiration of autotrophic biomass produced earlier in the season, or from vegetation structure creating patches of increased respiration of imported or stored carbon. Assessments of relationships between submerged aquatic vegetation and river metabolism may help inform predictions about changing ecosystem structure and function that influence water quality, including ecosystem response to the removal of four large hydroelectric dams on the Klamath River.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The future of biocontrol in the Anthropocene: A review of climate change impacts on biocontrol agents and their targets 人类世生物防治的未来:气候变化对生物防治剂及其目标的影响综述。
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学
Ecological Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1002/eap.70088
Annette E. Evans, William G. Pfadenhauer, D. M. Buonaiuto, Matthew E. Fertakos, Carrie J. Brown-Lima, Toni Lyn Morelli
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