Ecological Applications最新文献

{"title":"Predator niche overlap predicts effects on aphid vectors and a vector-borne virus","authors":"Benjamin W. Lee,&nbsp;Saumik Basu,&nbsp;Liesl Oeller,&nbsp;Tobin D. Northfield,&nbsp;David W. Crowder","doi":"10.1002/eap.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multiple predator species can enhance or disrupt prey suppression based on whether different predators forage in complementary or overlapping niches. Interactions between predator species are primarily evaluated by resulting effects on prey abundance, although alterations of prey behavior also occur. When prey are vectors of plant pathogens, changes in their movement among plants may affect pathogen transmission as strongly as changes in vector abundance. Here, we assessed how single predator species, and pairs of species with varying degrees of niche overlap, affected pea aphid vectors and transmission of an aphid-borne pathogen, pea-enation mosaic virus (PEMV). Foliar-foraging predators reduced vector abundance but altered vector behavior in ways that promoted PEMV transmission, resulting in no net effects on PEMV prevalence. Predator pairings also enhanced vector suppression but caused vectors to move to parts of plants that were more susceptible to PEMV. Surprisingly, pathogen prevalence was only reduced in predator pairings that did not exhibit super-additive predation rates. Our study shows that enhanced predator consumption of vectors due to niche complementarity can affect pathogen transmission differently than it affects vector dispersal and feeding behaviors. Nonetheless, long-term suppression of vector populations may ultimately reduce pathogen transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.70065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape homogenization strengthens the fitness benefits of plant species' centrality in pollination networks","authors":"Carmelo Gómez-Martínez,&nbsp;Joana Cursach,&nbsp;Miguel A. González-Estévez,&nbsp;Amparo Lázaro","doi":"10.1002/eap.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding how plant–pollinator interactions vary along disturbance gradients and influence community function is essential to comprehend how pollination services can be maintained in increasingly anthropized landscapes. Recent studies found positive relationships between plant fitness and centrality in interaction networks (i.e., high proximity to other plants via shared pollinators). However, this relationship might vary depending on communities' landscape context and species' functional traits. We hypothesized that the fitness benefits of centrality might be higher in homogeneous landscapes than in heterogeneous landscapes, as the former might favor generalist species and behaviors. We also expected stronger positive relationships between centrality and fitness in pollinator-dependent actinomorphic species compared to autogamous species that do not depend on pollinators or zygomorphic species that are pollinated by a small set of specialized species. Here, we combined field samplings and experiments to study how centrality related to fitness (seeds produced) in 11 plant species from 20 communities along a gradient of landscape heterogeneity. For that, we assessed changes in the centrality–fitness relationship associated with landscape variations and species' functional groups: autogamous species, entomophilous-actinomorphic species, and entomophilous-zygomorphic species. We found that centrality positively influenced plant fitness in more homogeneous landscapes, whereas it had a null effect on fitness in more heterogeneous landscapes. Furthermore, centrality was irrelevant for the fitness of mostly autogamous plant species but influenced the fitness of mostly entomophilous species, increasing the reproductive output in actinomorphic species while decreasing it in zygomorphic ones. For the first time, we show that the relationship between interaction structure and function varies with the landscape context and the group of species evaluated. Our study also highlights the importance of conserving heterogeneous landscapes to maintain effective specialized interactions, as the higher fitness benefits of centrality in homogeneous landscapes might drive feedback cycles of increased generalization over time in communities within these landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitated migration could bolster migrant passage through anthropogenically altered ecosystems","authors":"Benjamin P. Burford,&nbsp;Jeremy J. Notch,&nbsp;William R. Poytress,&nbsp;Cyril J. Michel","doi":"10.1002/eap.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anthropogenic habitat change frequently outpaces the adaptive capacity of migratory taxa, placing many species and populations at risk of extirpation or extinction due to the mismatch of natural migration phenology and suitable conditions. While dynamic protection can greatly benefit migratory species, it is contingent on the flexibility of relevant management actions. For regulated ecosystems where advanced management planning is required, we present a new framework—facilitated migration—for actively matching natural migration phenology with suitable conditions for successful migrant passage. Using a case study of juvenile Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) oceanward migration in the Sacramento River, a major bottleneck to the recovery of imperiled populations in California, we show how the conditions associated with migration preparation, migration initiation, and successful migrant passage could be regulated to benefit migrants. Thermally shifted preparation, flow pulse-mediated initiation, and passage protection via increased flow, all accomplished by controlling the release of water from storage reservoirs, could increase the number of natural-origin Chinook salmon populations successfully migrating to the ocean by 43%–479% compared to the status quo management scenario. To further inform expected outcomes, we find that the temporal scope and diversity of juvenile salmon lifestages studied via acoustic telemetry should be expanded, and that the range of flows and flow changes that juvenile salmon experience should be increased. Facilitated migration works by synchronizing migration—thus, a prudent course of action when implementing this strategy would be to favor event quality over event quantity. In forcing scientists and managers to critically evaluate how migrations can be supported and manipulated, facilitated migration will help migratory species persist in anthropogenically altered ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring biological effectiveness across a very large, coherent network of coastal marine protected areas","authors":"Barbara Spiecker,&nbsp;Mark H. Carr,&nbsp;Daniel P. Malone,&nbsp;Avrey Parsons-Field,&nbsp;Kathryn Koehn,&nbsp;Daniel J. Pondella II,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Caselle","doi":"10.1002/eap.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We evaluated the performance of California's coastal marine protected area (MPA) network, the largest scientifically designed network of its kind, using SCUBA survey data from a large-scale, long-term kelp forest monitoring program. To comprehensively evaluate MPA performance, we employed multiple metrics across various scales of taxonomic and spatial aggregation and four key results emerged. First, population responses to MPAs varied greatly across the large network, whether evaluated as combined taxa or individual focal species or at single MPA or regional scales. Second, while responses varied widely, effect size analysis revealed differences in magnitude of MPA performance over time, with targeted species increasing or declining less within MPAs compared to non-targeted species in all regions except the North Coast. Third, average response ratios further supported these findings by providing a cumulative perspective on MPA performance. Specifically, 80% of MPAs showed positive response ratios for targeted species, with 12 of these cases being significant, indicating generally higher biomass inside MPAs. Finally, using our most conservative performance framework of divergence between MPA and non-MPA (Ref) sites and between targeted and non-targeted species, only the South Coast and Northern Channel Islands regions exhibited a significantly positive trend in biomass ratios (MPA/Ref) over time for targeted species. While biomass ratios increased significantly over time within MPAs for targeted species, divergence between targeted and non-targeted species' trends was largely absent, except in the Northern Channel Islands where a marginally non-significant effect was noted. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MPA performance is variable across regions and taxa, and different aspects of performance were revealed depending on the metric used. This underscores the need for comprehensive evaluation approaches when assessing the effectiveness of large, networked MPAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species aggregation models resolve essential foraging habitat: Implications for conservation and management","authors":"Jarrod A. Santora,&nbsp;Justin J. Suca,&nbsp;Megan Cimino,&nbsp;Elliott L. Hazen,&nbsp;John C. Field,&nbsp;Steven J. Bograd,&nbsp;Brian K. Wells,&nbsp;Isaac D. Schroeder","doi":"10.1002/eap.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Species aggregations are a culmination of behavioral events arising from an array of biophysical interactions, dynamically shifting in space and time. Prediction of species' aggregation dynamics remains a challenge in studies of their distribution patterns. Species distribution models (SDMs) are statistical tools for understanding spatial patterns of marine biodiversity, ranging from essential species habitat, assessing fisheries bycatch, and projecting future distribution changes. SDMs involving pelagic species abundance generally do not typically resolve aggregation patterns. We use a 20-year observation record of seabird species aggregations, with seabirds being the most easily quantified “pelagic” species, to develop SDMs and a regional ocean modeling system to identify physical drivers and changes in aggregation location and intensity over time. We apply a conceptual ecosystem model to organize environmental covariates according to habitat production within coastal upwelling systems. The SDM used a 2-step modeling approach: a presence/absence model and a binary aggregation model. Thus, we aim to predict factors that characterize baseline ocean habitat for a species (presence/absence) and that aggregate large numbers of the species. Prediction of seabird aggregation results in realistic spatial distribution patterns that reflect known species habitat associations. Temporally, aggregation indices indicate mixed responses both within and between resident and migrant species, reflecting interannual effects of warm/cool ocean years and mesoscale structure supporting enhanced or decreased productive foraging habitat. The most abundant species were more likely to form aggregations during warmer years, indicating a response to a decrease in productive foraging habitat. The occurrence of species aggregations in spring is predictable by examining ocean-climate conditions in the preceding winter, thus providing a potential early warning system of anticipated ecosystem shifts. We contend that the aggregation occurrence model may improve the realism of pelagic SDMs and their utility for assessing spatial and temporal variability of trophic interactions. We discuss the utility of species aggregation models for quantifying the variability in critical pelagic habitats, the ecology and response of seabird species as indicators, advancement of ecosystem modeling and monitoring, and conservation applications (e.g., bycatch, wind energy, and oil spills).</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limited tree mortality in unburned areas linked to bark beetle spillover from wildfires","authors":"Robert A. Andrus,&nbsp;Joel Egan,&nbsp;Nathan Ivy,&nbsp;Laura Lowrey,&nbsp;Cameron E. Naficy,&nbsp;Brytten Steed,&nbsp;Arjan Meddens","doi":"10.1002/eap.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increased fire activity in the western United States since 2000 has produced an abundance of fire-injured trees at risk to lethal attack by bark beetles. Large populations of bark beetles reproducing in fire-injured trees may disperse (or spillover) from inside the fire perimeter to adjacent, unburned forests, potentially causing extensive tree mortality. In the western United States and Canada, fire-injured Douglas-fir (DF; <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>) are frequently colonized by Douglas-fir beetle (DFB; <i>Dendroctonus pseudotsugae</i>), prompting concern among land managers about elevated risk of spillover. We investigated spatiotemporal patterns of DF tree mortality from DFB in unburned areas surrounding 61 wildfires (2000–2017) with a high likelihood for spillover in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA. We developed a multiple-scale analytical framework to examine tree mortality potentially associated with spillover following fire. Synchronous fluctuation in the amount of DF mortality within and beyond the flight distance of DFB in the region and surrounding individual fires (0–10 km) suggested that DFB activity primarily responded to a broader scale process, such as drought, rather than proximity to burned trees. Using shorter and longer range dispersal scenarios, we estimated that at &lt;0.25 km from the fire perimeter, the dominant source of DFBs transitioned from burned to unburned sources due to the closer proximity of DFBs from unburned sources. Some fires (8%–15%; range of fires from sensitivity analysis) did exhibit evidence of DFB spillover, but spillover occurred &lt;1 km from fires (based on our criteria) and DF tree mortality associated with spillover was 0.2%–0.3% of total DF damage area during the study period. Spillover was not associated with climate conditions that increase host tree stress, rather it was associated with greater DF mortality from DFB in the prior year in the same area (i.e., poorly linked to spillover). Site-specific monitoring of post-fire DFB populations in susceptible, unburned DF forests adjacent to fires by land managers may be necessary to determine the risk of DFB emigrating from burned areas. Our findings inform post-fire planning and the ecological implications of disturbance interactions that occurred in the early 21st century during a period of amplified wildfire and DFB activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High densities of hatchery-origin white sturgeon suppress somatic growth rates of an endangered wild population","authors":"James A. Crossman,&nbsp;Josh Korman,&nbsp;Jason G. McLellan,&nbsp;Andy L. Miller,&nbsp;Matthew D. Howell","doi":"10.1002/eap.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Success in conserving or recovering endangered species requires a detailed understanding of vital rates that control population trends. Sturgeons (<i>Acipenseridae</i>) are the most imperiled taxon globally, with ongoing population declines despite significant conservation and restoration efforts in recent decades. Here, a long-term dataset is analyzed to describe growth rates of endangered white sturgeon (<i>Acipenser transmontanus</i>) in the transboundary section of the upper Columbia River over a 32-year period where conservation aquaculture was initiated in year 12 to prevent extirpation. The extent of spatial (Canada and United States), temporal (1990–2021), and seasonal variation (summer and winter) in growth dynamics was modeled to understand the potential impact of increased competition due to stocking on somatic growth of wild-origin fish. von Bertalanffy growth models were fit to observations of growth in length and mass from recaptures of tagged fish. Overall, growth rates of wild- and hatchery-origin white sturgeon were similar, with growth in length higher in summer than in winter, especially in the United States. Growth in mass was similar in winter and summer for wild- and hatchery-origin fish weighing less than ~30 kg, but growth was considerably higher in winter than summer for heavier fish. Examination of temporal random effects showed an abrupt decrease in growth partway through the time series. To evaluate the magnitude and uncertainty of the change, we fit a Bayesian changepoint model and found evidence for suppressed growth in length and mass of wild fish in years following the peak in densities of hatchery-origin sturgeon released from conservation aquaculture. Results provide an understanding of how an endangered species responds to a conservation action commonly applied for imperiled fish species worldwide and may provide insight into other important population dynamics (e.g., reproductive metrics) that are critical for recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating environmental drivers and synchrony of Arctic shorebird demographic rates to inform conservation management","authors":"Kayla L. Davis,&nbsp;Richard B. Lanctot,&nbsp;Sarah T. Saalfeld,&nbsp;Elise F. Zipkin","doi":"10.1002/eap.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many Arctic-breeding shorebirds are assumed to be declining, yet obtaining reliable estimates of species' demographic rates and trends is difficult because of challenges collecting data in remote breeding regions and throughout the annual cycle. For many vulnerable species, data limitations impede efforts to determine appropriate management actions in the face of ongoing environmental change. Integrated population models (IPMs) offer an approach to maximize the utility of available data by providing a framework for estimating demographic rates and environmental drivers of population change, while also accounting for sources of uncertainty. Here, we used an IPM to estimate demographic rates, synchrony, and population trends of Arctic-breeding shorebirds within the context of climatic and management-related changes. We estimated species-specific breeding population sizes, adult survival rates, number of adults gained into the breeding population through recruitment (i.e., the sum of immigration and reproduction), as well as the effects of environmental drivers on demographic traits for three shorebird species nesting near Utqiaġvik, Alaska, over an 18-year study period (2005–2022). We found that the annual number of adults recruiting into the breeding population was important for maintaining local populations, and that local environmental factors and management regimes had strong effects on demographic rates. The timing of snowmelt had a notable effect on (1) fecundity, (2) the number of adults recruited for two of the three species, and (3) adult survival during the following year for one species. Predator removal increased fecundity of all three species but had limited effects on subsequent local population sizes. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation, a broad-scale climate metric, affected adult survival differently across species, with a positive and negative effect for one species each, and a negligible effect for the other. Unlike adult recruitment and fecundity that varied synchronously among species, annual adult survival varied asynchronously. Our results suggest that differences in survival were likely related to conditions experienced during nonbreeding periods arising from dissimilar migratory routes, stopover sites, and nonbreeding season ranges. Future work should focus on incorporating additional environmental factors on the nonbreeding grounds to determine when and where these species could benefit most from management interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urbanization and climate drive long-term bird community trends across a desert city ecosystem","authors":"Jeffrey D. Haight,&nbsp;Fabio S. de Albuquerque,&nbsp;Heather L. Bateman,&nbsp;Amy E. Frazier,&nbsp;Kelli L. Larson","doi":"10.1002/eap.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustaining biodiversity requires measuring the interacting spatial and temporal processes by which environmental factors shape wildlife community assembly. Declines in bird communities due to urban development and changing climate conditions are widely documented. However, the combined impacts of multiple environmental stressors on biodiversity remain unclear, especially in urbanized desert ecosystems. This is largely due to a lack of data at the scales necessary for predicting the consequences of environmental change for diverse species and functional groups, particularly those that provide ecosystem services such as seed dispersal, pest control, and pollination. Trends in the prevalence and diversity of different functional groups contribute to understanding how changes in bird communities impact well-being through the lens of ecosystem services. Across the rapidly developing drylands of the metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, USA, we ask the following question: How have inter- and intra-annual landscape changes associated with urbanization and climate shaped the dynamic characteristics of bird communities, specifically the abundance and richness of species and their functional groups? We analyzed long-term drivers of bird communities by combining a two-decade, multi-season spatial dataset of environmental conditions (urbanization, vegetation, temperature, etc.) with biotic data (species richness and abundance) collected seasonally during the same time periods (winter and spring; 2001–2016). Results show that increased impervious surface area and land surface temperature were negatively associated with overall bird abundance and species richness across the study period, especially during winter. However, these relationships varied among functional groups, with potentially mixed outcomes for ecosystem services and disservices provided by urban biodiversity. By improving knowledge of long-term trends in multiple environmental drivers that shape wildlife community dynamics, these results facilitate effective evaluation of how landscape management practices in drylands influence the outcomes of evolving human-wildlife relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct bird assemblages emerge after fire versus forest harvest but converge with early seral forest development","authors":"Graham S. Frank,&nbsp;Matthew G. Betts,&nbsp;Andrew J. Kroll,&nbsp;Jake Verschuyl,&nbsp;James W. Rivers,&nbsp;Mark E. Swanson,&nbsp;Meg A. Krawchuk","doi":"10.1002/eap.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anthropogenic changes to disturbance regimes, including intensified forest management, have been hypothesized to drive population declines in early seral forest birds. Species adapted to early seral conditions can benefit from timber harvest, but intensively managed stands often lack key habitat features that exist after natural disturbances. To evaluate how early seral bird communities differ between areas regenerating from natural (i.e., wildfire) and anthropogenic (i.e., timber harvest) disturbance, we sampled stands across a chronosequence of 2–20 years post-disturbance in southwest Oregon, USA, in sites regenerating after wildfire, clearcut harvest with intensive management, or post-fire salvage logging. We found that fire-origin stands supported 8.8 more species (90% CI: 4.1, 14.1; 54% more) than clearcut stands immediately following disturbance (2–5 years), including a greater number of cavity-nesting species. These differences diminished somewhat with stand age, but fire-origin stands still supported 4.9 more foliage-gleaning species (90% CI: 3.2, 6.5; 102% more) 6–9 years after disturbance. Differences in species richness and composition between disturbance types attenuated as stands approached canopy closure (16–20 years), suggesting that intensive management may emulate natural stand-replacing disturbance for birds that occupy developmentally advanced early seral forests. Salvage-logged stands exhibited few differences from unlogged fire-origin stands, although they supported 1.8 fewer (90% CI: 0.0, 3.4) cavity-nesting species 6–9 years after fire. Overall, distinct bird communities in recently burned forests suggest that these areas may be especially valuable for promoting biodiversity. Guilds more strongly associated with recently burned forests than harvested stands tended to be associated with biological legacies, including deciduous shrub cover, large residual trees, and snags. Therefore, emulating post-fire structural legacies and early seral vegetation in managed forests should enhance their value for birds, including species experiencing long-term declines.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}