Ecological Applications最新文献

{"title":"Differential recruitment drives pathogen-mediated competition between species in an amphibian chytridiomycosis system","authors":"Madelyn J. Mangan,&nbsp;Hamish I. McCallum,&nbsp;Matt West,&nbsp;Ben C. Scheele,&nbsp;Graeme R. Gillespie,&nbsp;Laura F. Grogan","doi":"10.1002/eap.3085","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.3085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pathogens that infect multiple host species have an increased capacity to cause extinctions through parasite-mediated apparent competition. Given unprecedented and continuing losses of biodiversity due to <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> (Bd), the causative fungus of the amphibian skin disease chytridiomycosis, a robust understanding of the mechanisms driving cross-species infection dynamics is essential. Here, we used stage-structured, susceptible-infected compartmental models to explore drivers of Bd-mediated apparent competition between two sympatric amphibians, the critically endangered <i>Litoria spenceri</i> and the non-threatened <i>Litoria lesueurii</i>. We additionally simulated the impact of plausible <i>L. spenceri</i> conservation management interventions on competitive outcomes between these two species. Despite being more susceptible to disease than its competitor, a high relative rate of recruitment allowed the non-threatened <i>L. lesueurii</i> to reach substantially higher densities than <i>L. spenceri</i> in our baseline models, applying a strong absolute force of infection on <i>L. spenceri</i> as an amplifying host. However, simulated management interventions which bolstered <i>L. spenceri</i> recruitment (i.e., captive breeding and release, removal of predatory non-native trout) spurred strong recoveries of <i>L. spenceri</i> while simultaneously (1) increasing the force of Bd infection in the environment and (2) reducing <i>L. lesueurii</i> population density. At high and moderate elevations, combined captive breeding/release and non-native trout removal were sufficient to make <i>L. spenceri</i> the most abundant species. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of recruitment in moderating pathogen dynamics of multi-host amphibian chytridiomycosis systems. While infection-based parameters are undoubtedly important in Bd management, modifying relative rates of recruitment can substantially alter pathogen-mediated competition between species of an amphibian community.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.3085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From subsidies to stressors: Positively skewed ecological gradients alter biological responses to nutrients in streams","authors":"Stephen E. DeVilbiss,&nbsp;Jason M. Taylor,&nbsp;Matthew B. Hicks","doi":"10.1002/eap.3086","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.3086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Subsidy–stress gradients offer a useful framework for understanding ecological responses to perturbation and may help inform ecological metrics in highly modified systems. Historic, region-wide shifts from bottomland hardwood forest to row crop agriculture can cause positively skewed impact gradients in alluvial plain ecoregions, resulting in tolerant organisms that typically exhibit a subsidy response (increased abundance in response to environmental stressors) shifting to a stress response (declining abundance at higher concentrations). As a result, observed biological tolerance in modified ecosystems may differ from less modified regions, creating significant challenges for detecting biological responses to restoration efforts. Using the agriculturally dominated Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP) ecoregion in Mississippi, USA, as a case study, we tested the hypothesis that macroinvertebrate taxa that typically display a subsidy response to nutrient enrichment in less modified ecoregions (i.e., nutrient-tolerance) shift to a stress response to increasing nutrients in highly modified watersheds with elevated baseline nutrient conditions (i.e., nutrient intolerance). The abundance and diversity of MAP-specific intolerant taxa identified with threshold indicator taxa analysis were either unresponsive or exhibited a subsidy response to increasing nutrients in less modified ecoregions in Mississippi with less land alteration and lower nutrient concentrations, but declined at higher concentrations, providing evidence for a stress response to elevated nutrients in the MAP. Additionally, MAP-specific tolerant and intolerant taxa richness responded to increased nutrients predictably and consistently across space and time within the MAP. However, in MAP streams, elevated specific conductance was predicted to dampen the response of tolerant and intolerant taxa richness to increasing nutrient concentrations, highlighting the importance of considering multistressor interactions when interpreting biological data. Lastly, we demonstrate the efficacy of this approach with sediment bacterial communities characterized with amplicon sequencing, which lack sufficient life history characteristics necessary for the development of multimetric indices. Both macroinvertebrate and bacterial communities responded similarly to increasing nutrient concentrations, suggesting DNA-based approaches may provide an efficient biological assessment tool for monitoring water quality improvements in highly modified watersheds.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.3086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequent, heterogenous fire supports a forest owl assemblage","authors":"Kate McGinn,&nbsp;Benjamin Zuckerberg,&nbsp;Gavin M. Jones,&nbsp;Connor M. Wood,&nbsp;Stefan Kahl,&nbsp;Kevin G. Kelly,&nbsp;Sheila A. Whitmore,&nbsp;H. Anu Kramer,&nbsp;Josh M. Barry,&nbsp;Elizabeth Ng,&nbsp;M. Zachariah Peery","doi":"10.1002/eap.3080","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.3080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fire shapes biodiversity in many forested ecosystems, but historical management practices and anthropogenic climate change have led to larger, more severe fires that threaten many animal species where such disturbances do not occur naturally. As predators, owls can play important ecological roles in biological communities, but how changing fire regimes affect individual species and species assemblages is largely unknown. Here, we examined the impact of fire severity, history, and configuration over the past 35 years on an assemblage of six forest owl species in the Sierra Nevada, California, using ecosystem-scale passive acoustic monitoring. While the negative impacts of fire on this assemblage appeared to be ephemeral (1–4 years in duration), spotted owls avoided sites burned at high-severity for up to two decades after a fire. Low- to moderate-severity fire benefited small cavity-nesting species and great horned owls. Most forest owl species in this study appeared adapted to fire within the region's natural range of variation, characterized by higher proportions of low- to moderate-severity fire and relatively less high-severity fire. While some species in this assemblage may be more resilient to severe wildfire than others, novel “megafires” that are larger, more frequent, and contiguously severe may limit the distribution of this assemblage by reducing the prevalence of low- to moderate-severity fire and eliminating habitat for a closed-canopy species for multiple decades. Management strategies that restore historical low- to moderate-severity fire with small patches of high-severity fire and promote a mosaic of forest conditions will likely facilitate the conservation of this assemblage of forest predators.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.3080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding bird sensitivity to urban habitat quality is multi-scale and strongly dependent on migratory behavior","authors":"Nathan W. Byer,&nbsp;Remington J. Moll,&nbsp;Timothy J. Krynak,&nbsp;Erik E. Shaffer,&nbsp;Jen L. Brumfield,&nbsp;John E. Reinier,&nbsp;Sarah R. Eysenbach,&nbsp;Jonathon D. Cepek,&nbsp;Constance E. Hausman","doi":"10.1002/eap.3087","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.3087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human-caused conversion of natural habitat areas to developed land cover represents a major driver of habitat loss and fragmentation, leading to reorganization of biological communities. Although protected areas and urban greenspaces can preserve natural systems in fragmented landscapes, their efficacy has been stymied by the complexity and scale-dependency underlying biological communities. While migratory bird communities are easy to-study and particularly responsive to anthropogenic habitat alterations, prior studies have documented substantial variation in habitat sensitivity across species and migratory groups. This may make approaches that explicitly consider the hierarchical nature of ecological organization useful for planning and decision-making, particularly in developed landscapes. Herein, we leverage regional vegetation and breeding bird monitoring efforts to investigate the influences of spatial scale, urbanization, and migratory habit on breeding bird occupancy across Cleveland Metroparks, a large urban park system in Ohio. Using multispecies occupancy models, we found that fine-scale vegetation covariates were more predictive of bird community dynamics than landscape-level covariates, suggesting positive benefits of vegetation management activities for breeding bird communities. We also found that short-distance migrants were positively associated with plants that have broad ecological tolerances and that tropical migrants were more negatively associated with human development than other migratory groups. While local vegetation management may be effective for protecting sensitive breeding bird communities, many tropical migrants required intact forests with low human development and may require targeted habitat management for continued breeding-season occupancy. More broadly, this study emphasizes how avian management strategies in developed landscapes should consider features at multiple spatial scales—as well as species-specific migratory behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.3087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livestock shifts lepidopteran herbivore community due to intraguild elimination in Mediterranean agroforestry systems","authors":"Álvaro Gaytán,&nbsp;Tara Canelo,&nbsp;Carlos Pérez-Izquierdo,&nbsp;Raúl Bonal","doi":"10.1002/eap.3088","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.3088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Livestock grazing and trampling have been shown to reduce arthropod populations. Among arthropods, defoliating lepidopterans are particularly important for their impact on trees, the keystone structures of agroforestry systems. This study investigates the impact of livestock on the community of defoliating lepidopterans in agroforestry systems. We conducted both experimental and observational studies in the mid-west and western regions of the Iberian Peninsula. In our field experiment, we sampled lepidopteran caterpillars in areas with livestock and in areas where livestock had been excluded for short and long periods. To validate our experimental results, we conducted a field survey across seven areas with and without livestock in the western Iberian Peninsula. Our findings revealed that after 2 years from the start of the experiment, the exclusion of livestock led to an increase in the abundance and species richness of lepidopterans, as well as shifts in their community composition. Our experimental findings were corroborated by our field survey. Interestingly, we found that the differences in community composition among exclusions were primarily due to species nestedness. Livestock exclusion consistently favored species that pupate in the ground, suggesting that livestock can alter the lepidopteran community by predating or accidentally trampling these species. This study underscores the significant role livestock play in modifying the community of defoliating lepidopterans in Mediterranean agroforestry systems (oak savannahs), with important implications for food webs and species interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.3088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of ecological characteristics and phylogeny on native plant species' commercial availability","authors":"Jack Zinnen,&nbsp;Rebecca S. Barak,&nbsp;Jeffrey W. Matthews","doi":"10.1002/eap.3070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.3070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant vendors generate a commercial species pool, the subset of species in a regional flora that is purchasable. The availability of plant species from commercial vendors can influence the composition and outcomes of conservation, landscaping, and restoration plantings. Although previous research suggests that most plant species are unavailable, there is little information that identifies the plant characteristics associated with commercial availability. We studied the composition of the commercial species pool by examining the ecology, phylogeny, and phenology of a regional flora in the Midwestern United States. We used a database of native plant species sold by 557 vendors throughout the Midwest (USA) to characterize species' availability. We compiled ecological characteristics of all plant species, including range size, growth form, moisture requirements, and conservatism—meaning fidelity to high-quality natural areas. We characterized phenological (bloom time) data for a subset of the regional flora. Finally, we constructed a regional phylogeny to assess the phylogenetic signal of plant availability. We expected that commercially unavailable species would be niche specialists or short-lived (often nonconservative “weedy”) species, and that they would bloom earlier in the season and for a shorter time. We found that commercially available species were more long-lived, had larger range sizes, had intermediate fidelities to wetlands and high-quality or disturbed natural areas, and were associated with certain plant types, especially shrubs and trees. In contrast, ferns and graminoids were underrepresented in the commercial trade. There was a strong phylogenetic signal associated with commercial availability; some plant families had nearly all or none of their species commercially available. Example families with low representation included Orchidaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Cyperaceae, and fern families. Longer bloomed species were more commercially available, but we did not find differences in availability between early- and late-blooming species. Despite the diversity of the commercial pool in the Midwest, it is an unrepresentative, nonrandom subset of the regional species pool. This finding may promote the mismatch in species diversity and composition between remnant natural habitats and restorations because many specialized species are commercially unavailable to conservation and restoration practitioners. We encourage strategies to promote the availability of underrepresented plant diversity in the commercial species pool.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plantation management to restore early and late-successional bird habitat under various climatic and seasonal conditions","authors":"Kazuhiro Kawamura,&nbsp;Yuichi Yamaura,&nbsp;Futoshi Nakamura","doi":"10.1002/eap.3074","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.3074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although agriculture and plantation forestry have decreased natural open habitats and old-growth forests, conservation in managed lands is considered essential for achieving “nature-positive” goals that reverse biodiversity trends from negative to positive. From subboreal to temperate regions, mature conifer plantations with broadleaved trees (BLTs) offer suitable habitats for species preferring mature natural BLT forests, whereas young plantations harbor species depending on early successional (ES) habitats. However, the functional forms of stand age and BLT, and their context dependency, remain unknown. We quantified the effects of stand age (3–98 years), BLT proportion (0%–97.5%), and their interaction on ES and BLT bird species in plantations, as well as the dependency of these effects on regional/seasonal climates. For both groups, we also explored whether plantations could be comparable habitats to BLT-dominated natural forests (stand age: 6–134 years) across Hokkaido (78,420 km²), northern Japan. ES bird species' richness and abundance decreased exponentially with stand age in plantations. This pattern was not evident in natural forests although only two ES stands were surveyed due to the rarity of natural forest harvesting. ES plantations in cooler regions showed higher habitat values, reflecting a climate-dependent species composition. No ES species occurred in winter. Both stand age and BLT proportion increased BLT bird species richness and abundance in a concave manner, except for age in stands with few BLTs. The positive effects of BLT were more evident in younger stands with fewer BLTs. Mature plantations with 25% BLTs supported 62% of breeding BLT bird abundance in old natural forests. In winter, lower regional temperatures weakened the positive effects of stand age and strengthened the positive effects of BLT proportion, reflecting temperature-dependent habitat selection across species. Our results suggest that regular plantation harvesting can play a critical role in restoring ES bird species across Hokkaido. To conserve BLT bird species, retaining even small amounts of BLTs within plantations may be more cost-effective than long-rotation plantation forestry or only protecting existing natural old-growth forests. Our study shows that on-site conservation within plantations across regions and seasons, when coupled with nature reserve management, can contribute to restoring biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in reproduction mediate the effects of climate change and grassland management on plant population dynamics","authors":"Martin Andrzejak,&nbsp;Tiffany M. Knight,&nbsp;Carolin Plos,&nbsp;Lotte Korell","doi":"10.1002/eap.3063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.3063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change is one of the largest threats to grassland plant species, which can be modified by land management. Although climate change and land management are expected to separately and interactively influence plant demography, this has been rarely considered in climate change experiments. We used a large-scale experiment in central Germany to quantify the effects of grassland management, climate change, and their joint effect on the demography and population growth rate of 11 plant species all native to this temperate grassland ecosystem. We parameterized integral projection models with five years of demographic data to project population growth rate. We hypothesized that plant populations perform better in the ambient than in the future climate treatment that creates hotter and drier summer conditions. Further, we hypothesized that plant performance interactively responds to climate and land management in a species-specific manner based on the drought, mowing, and grazing tolerances as well as the flowering phenology of each species. Due to extreme drought events, over half of our study species went quasi extinct, which highlights how extreme climate events can influence long-term experimental results. We found no consistent support for our expectation that plants perform better in ambient compared with future climate conditions. However, several species showed interactive responses to the treatments, indicating that optimal management strategies for plant performance are expected to shift with climate change. Changes in population growth rates of these species across treatments were mostly due to changes in plant reproduction. Experiments combined with measuring plant demographic responses provide a way to isolate the effects of different drivers on the long-term persistence of species and to identify the demographic vital rates that are critical to manage in the future. Our study suggests that it will become increasingly difficult to maintain species with preferences for moister soil conditions, and that climate and land use can interactively alter demographic responses of the remaining grassland species.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated fuel treatments fall short of fire-adapted regeneration objectives in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest, USA","authors":"P. Bryant Nagelson,&nbsp;Robert A. York,&nbsp;Kevin T. Shoemaker,&nbsp;Daniel E. Foster,&nbsp;Scott L. Stephens,&nbsp;Sarah M. Bisbing","doi":"10.1002/eap.3075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.3075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fire exclusion over the last two centuries has driven a significant fire deficit in the forests of western North America, leading to widespread changes in the composition and structure of these historically fire-adapted ecosystems. Fuel treatments have been increasingly applied over the last few decades to mitigate fire hazard, yet it is unclear whether these fuel-focused treatments restore the fire-adapted conditions and species that will allow forests to persist into the future. A vital prerequisite of restoring fire-adaptedness is ongoing establishment of fire-tolerant tree species, and both the type and reoccurrence of fuel treatments are likely to strongly influence stand trajectories. Here, we leveraged a long-term study of repeated fuel treatments in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest to examine the regeneration response of six native tree species to the repeated application of common fuel treatments: prescribed fire, mechanical, mechanical plus fire, and untreated controls. Our objectives were to (1) quantify differences in forest structure and composition following the repeated application of alternative fuel treatments that may influence the establishment environment and then (2) identify the stand structure and climate conditions influencing seedling dynamics. We found that both treatment type and intensity are highly influential in shifting forests toward more fire-adapted conditions and determining species-specific regeneration dynamics. Specifically, the conifer species tracked here increased in either colonization or persistence potential following repeated applications of fire, indicating fire may be most effective for restoring regeneration conditions broadly across species. Fire alone, however, was not enough to promote fire-adapted composition, with concurrent mechanical treatments creating more favorable conditions for promoting colonization and increasing abundances of fire-tolerant ponderosa pine. Yet, even with repeated fuel treatment application, establishment of fire-intolerant species far exceeded that of fire-tolerant species over this 20-year study period. Moreover, increasing growing season water stress negatively impacted seedling dynamics across all species regardless of treatment type and intensity, an important consideration for ongoing management under heightened climatic stress. While repeated treatments are waypoints in restoring fire-adapted conditions, more intense treatments via gap-creation or hotter prescribed fires targeting removal of fire-intolerant species will be necessary to sustain recruitment of fire-tolerant species.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the effects of landscape–fire interactions on functional diversity in a Southern European mountain","authors":"João C. Campos,&nbsp;Beatriz Albuquerque,&nbsp;Emilio Civantos,&nbsp;João P. Honrado,&nbsp;Adrián Regos","doi":"10.1002/eap.3059","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eap.3059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate and land-use changes are contributing to impacts on global ecosystem functioning. These effects are particularly severe in areas undergoing land abandonment and extreme wildfire events, such as the Mediterranean regions of the Iberian Peninsula. Previous studies have evaluated the impacts of land management on fire mitigation and biodiversity (species distribution and species richness), but how such strategies influence functional diversity remains unexplored. This study investigates how alternative land-fire management strategies may affect functional diversity. We modeled for 2050 for the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés (Portugal-Spain). Land-use scenarios simulated processes of land abandonment (“business-as-usual”—BAU) and the implementation of EU rural policies (“high nature value farmlands”—HNVf), and were combined with three fire suppression levels. Species distribution models (102 vertebrates) were projected to each scenario, and functional diversity indices were consequently calculated. The highest functional richness was predicted for BAU scenarios, probably representing the benefits to unique species that deliver singular functions. The HNVf scenarios provided the highest functional divergence, probably indicating a high niche differentiation and low resource competition amongst agricultural communities. HNVf was the most beneficial scenario for ecosystem functioning, while fire suppression did not affect functional diversity. Despite the proneness to burn of our study area and the effects of firefighting on its fire regime, land-use policies are expected to have greater influence than fire suppression effects on functional diversity. These findings suggest that different facets of functional diversity will be unevenly influenced by fire–landscape dynamics driven by the land-use policies to be implemented in the upcoming decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.3059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}