Fungal Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Mycorrhizal driven positive feedbacks and forest resilience to reduced rainfall","authors":"Cassandra Allsup,&nbsp;Sam Marquardt,&nbsp;Richard Lankau","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forests can experience negative feedbacks in the growth of tree populations but positive feedbacks within the two dominant mycorrhizal types of trees: ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM). Positive feedbacks within mycorrhizal types may provide communities with resistance to climate change. We tested whether each mycorrhizal type led to positive feedbacks on seedling survival, while statistically controlling for the effect of congeneric trees in ambient versus rainfall reduced conditions. We explored two potential drivers: the variation in soil fungal community structure and soil chemistry. Seedlings benefited from growing in stands dominated by their own mycorrhizal type, and simultaneously, tree seedlings performed worse in the presence of adult trees of their own genus, but only in rainfall reduced conditions. We found that the composition of the EM fungal community differed between plots dominated by EM versus AM trees. These results indicated that mycorrhizal types may create positive feedbacks in dry conditions that should be considered when predicting future states.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49743045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal patterns and conidial dynamics of Batkoa major, a generalist entomophthoralean pathogen","authors":"Ann E. Hajek,&nbsp;David C. Harris","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The generalist entomophthoralean insect pathogen <em>Batkoa major</em> was recorded causing epizootics in populations of a new invasive fulgorid in North America, the spotted lanternfly (<em>Lycorma delicatula</em>). We conducted studies on the basic biology and ecology of <em>B. major</em> using <em>Galleria mellonella</em> larvae exposed to conidial showers. Death of <em>G. mellonella</em> followed a diurnal cycle with most larvae dying within 4 h before or after the end of photophase. Time for initiation of rhizoid emergence also followed a diurnal rhythm and, on average occurred 3.6 h after host death. While <em>B. major</em> sometimes began producing rhizoids to attach cadavers to substrates while <em>G. mellonella</em> were alive (but moribund), often hosts were dead before rhizoids began emerging. On average, conidial discharge began 18.6 h after host death and was greater 4–8 h before the end of photophase, compared with 4–8 h after scotophase began. At 20 °C under high humidity, initiation of conidial discharge was 95% complete within 24 h after host death. To evaluate <em>B. major</em> activity by temperature, we tested percent conidial germination over 24 h from 5 to 35 °C. When showered onto water agar, all primary conidia produced secondary conidia. At 20 and 25 °C, at 3 h ≥89% of primaries had produced and discharged secondaries and from 10 to 30 °C, secondaries were produced by over 75% of primary conidia within 12 h. When cover slips were placed over primary conidia to force production of germ tubes, germination was much slower, with &gt;85% germination from 20 to 30 °C only by 24 h. <em>Batkoa major</em> therefore times host death and initiation of conidial discharge for night-time hours and conidial germination occurs within 24 h over a broad temperature range (10–30 °C).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49743105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malassezia is widespread and has undescribed diversity in the marine environment","authors":"Ronja M. Steinbach ,&nbsp;Fouad El Baidouri ,&nbsp;Lorna M.Y. Mitchison-Field ,&nbsp;Fang Yun Lim ,&nbsp;Joanne Ekena ,&nbsp;Ellysa J.D. Vogt ,&nbsp;Amy Gladfelter ,&nbsp;Ashleigh B. Theberge ,&nbsp;Anthony S. Amend","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is substantial fungal diversity in marine environments where uncharacterized species may play important ecological roles. <em>Malassezia</em>, a genus of yeast generally associated with mammalian skins, is an example of a seemingly abundant marine fungus in ocean environments. Accumulating evidence indicates that <em>Malassezia</em> is widespread in the ocean. However, we know little about its diversity, role, and distribution. To address these gaps in our knowledge, we analyzed 127 marine samples collected from marine rocks, sediment, water, and various organisms, from the coasts of Hawaiʻi, Washington, and Massachusetts. We then used <em>Malassezia</em>-specific 28S primers in a nested PCR approach to amplify all present <em>Malassezia</em>, and performed Illumina sequencing from which we generated a possible phylogeny. Based on our phylogenetic results, we circumscribed 20 potentially novel clades that might represent new species. Our findings are consistent with <em>Malassezia</em> having substantial novel diversity and a high prevalence in the marine environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49763670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased diversity and connectivity of endophytic fungal assemblages within cultivated European olive trees compared to their native African counterpart","authors":"Nombuso P. Ngubane ,&nbsp;Leanne L. Dreyer ,&nbsp;Bernard Slippers ,&nbsp;Martin Kemler ,&nbsp;Dominik Begerow ,&nbsp;Frederick Witfeld ,&nbsp;Andreas Brachmann ,&nbsp;Francois Roets","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Host identity and location help shape fungal endophyte assemblages in plants. Hosts act as uptake filters from the environment and closely related hosts in the same location may harbour similar assemblages. We assessed the influence of host identity and geographic location on endophytic fungal assemblages within the native African olive and cultivated European olive in South Africa using high throughput sequencing. As hypothesised, the two hosts were found to share many endophytic species, but alpha diversity was lower within the European olive. The two hosts had significantly dissimilar endophyte assemblages. Distance between sites positively correlated with endophyte assemblage dissimilarities, demonstrating a strong effect of the surrounding environment on endophyte assemblages. African olive individuals had highly connected endophyte assemblages, unlike those within the European olive. Microbiome sharing and disconnected assemblages may have negative impacts on the health of the cultivated host.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49742805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase in Sarcosoma globosum observations reveals new fungal observation culture","authors":"Anna L. Ruotsalainen ,&nbsp;Tapio Kekki ,&nbsp;Esteri Ohenoja ,&nbsp;Tea von Bonsdorff","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Sarcosoma globosum</em> is a spring-fruiting ascomycete associated with boreal spruce forests characterized by long forest continuity. It is assessed as Near Threatened (NT) according to the global evaluation of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). We report data of <em>S. globosum</em> in Finland for 1915–2021, before and after availability of digital observation tools (&lt;2015 vs. 2015&gt;). Here, we report in total 586 observations of <em>S. globosum</em> in Finland. We report a huge increase of <em>S. globosum</em> observations since 2015 (+786% average annual increase in observations compared to years 1990–2014). Specimens deposited in public herbaria and data from the environmental authorities have declined. Our results indicate emergence of a new, citizen-based observation culture of fungi. Changes in observation activity may disguise true changes in fungal populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49743275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of fungal composition, diversity, and function in the phyllosphere of Aster tataricus to artificial temperature increase and precipitation adjustment in a Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow","authors":"Fengzhen Yang,&nbsp;Jin-Sheng He,&nbsp;Zhibiao Nan","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phyllosphere fungi form close ecological ties with their hosts and participate in multiple ecosystem processes. This research investigated simulated climate change effects of warming and precipitation manipulationon the <em>Aster tataricus</em> fungal community in a Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow. Increased precipitation increased the fungal community diversity and richness indices, but warming had the opposite effect. Warming and precipitation adjustment in combination reduced the fungal community diversity. FUNGuild functional analysis of differences in the leaf fungal community in our study, and linked statistical analysis, determined that increasing precipitation significantly reduced relative abundance of pathogenic fungi and incidence of plant diseases, while warming and decreased precipitation did the opposite. Differences in the leaf fungal community in our study under warming and decreased precipitation would be predicted to increase incidence of plant diseases. These climate change simulations improve awareness of future plant disease risks in natural plant communities and provide opportunities to develop responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49763698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the functional role of fungi in deep-sea hydrothermal vents through the analysis of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur","authors":"Diana L. Salcedo ,&nbsp;Patricia Velez ,&nbsp;Abril Hernandez-Monroy ,&nbsp;Luis A. Soto","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The functional diversity of fungi remains poorly explored in the deep-sea, particularly in hydrothermal vents. Here, we approached this gap through the analysis of stable isotopes of carbon (δ¹³C), nitrogen (δ¹⁵N), and sulfur (δ³⁴S) of fourteen isolates obtained from three deep-sea vent systems of the southern Gulf of California. The δ¹³C results indicated that 60% of the isolates relied on mixed carbon sources fixed by the Calvin-Benson-Bassham and the reductive Tricarboxylic Acid (rTCA) cycles, whereas 40% relied exclusively on rTCA carbon. The δ¹⁵N and δ³⁴S values suggested a dependence on local and external nitrogen sources and the assimilation of chemosynthetic and photosynthetic inputs. Fungal δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N overlapped with those of primary and secondary vent macroconsumers, implying the assimilation of bacterial and invertebrate necromass and their ecological role as parasites. These findings provide insights into the unexplored trophic versatility of fungi in chemosynthetic ecosystems, highlighting their importance in deep-sea trophic dynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 101250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49743169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deterministic processes have limited impacts on foliar fungal endophyte communities along a savanna-forest successional gradient","authors":"Mathew Andrew Harris ,&nbsp;Martin Kemler ,&nbsp;Bernard Slippers ,&nbsp;Samantha-Leigh Jamison-Daniels ,&nbsp;Frederick Witfeld ,&nbsp;Monique Botha ,&nbsp;Dominik Begerow ,&nbsp;Andreas Brachmann ,&nbsp;Michelle Greve","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Patterns and drivers of succession provide insight into the mechanisms that govern community assembly, but remain poorly understood for microbial communities. We assess whether successional trends of trees are mirrored by foliar endophyte communities of three tree species across a deterministic woody successional gradient. Additionally, we test the relative contribution of abiotic predictors, biotic factors, and spatial distance between sites in predicting composition and richness of endophyte communities. Unlike the tree community, endophyte communities showed no consistent evidence of deterministic succession. Host identity was the most important factor structuring endophyte community composition; within hosts, spatial distance from the indigenous forest and between samples was important, while environmental predictors had small and inconsistent effects. Much variation in endophyte composition remained unexplained. In contrast, endophyte richness was well-explained by predictor variables. Host identity was most important in predicting endophyte richness, while the effect of other predictors on richness differed between host species. We conclude that deterministic succession in trees did not result in deterministic succession in endophyte communities; instead community assembly was most strongly influenced by host identity; while within hosts, neutral processes may be more important for endophyte assembly than deterministic factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 101249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49743165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proportion of mycorrhiza-associated trees mediates community assemblages of soil fungi but not of bacteria","authors":"Hua Xing ,&nbsp;Shuo Jiao ,&nbsp;Xian Wu ,&nbsp;Minhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Shu Dong ,&nbsp;Fangliang He ,&nbsp;Yu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent studies have shown that mycorrhizal trees can greatly influence soil microbial communities, which in turn play important roles in the function offorest ecosystems. However, there is lack of understanding how the composition of trees with different mycorrhizal types affects soil microbial communities. Here, we collected 1606 soil samples from a 25-ha subtropical forest plot to investigate how the proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) <em>versus</em> ectomycorrhizal (EcM) trees mediated soil microbial assemblages. Results showed the alpha diversities of both soil fungal and bacterial communities were significantly positively correlated with the ratio of AM/EcM trees. The AM/EcM tree ratio was important to the fungal community assembly, whereas soil pH was key to the bacterial communities. The increase in the AM/EcM tree ratio decreased the importance of stochastic forces in assembling fungal communities, while it had no significant effect on the bacterial communities. The differential importance of the AM/EcM tree ratio to fungal and bacterial communities highlights the role of mycorrhiza-associated tree composition in regulating soil microbial communities. This finding suggests that forests with different AM/EcM tree ratios would have different soil microbial communities, potentially leading to differences in soil nutrient cycling and in return different tree diversity and forest productivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 101251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49742895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root and hyphal interactions influence N transfer by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soybean/maize intercropping systems","authors":"Tantan Zhang ,&nbsp;Lingling Yu ,&nbsp;Yuting Shao ,&nbsp;Jianwu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In maize-soybean intercropping systems, the transfer of N from soybean to maize gives the intercropping system the advantage of improved N utilization and higher yields. Mycorrhiza acts as an important pathway for N transfer, providing a constant supply of N to sustain the growth and development of maize in its early stages. However, it is not clear how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) drive the transfer of N from soybean to maize in the intercropping system. Therefore, we quantified the amount of N transferred from soybean to maize under low and high N levels in the intercropping system, and the abundance and diversity of AMF involved in N transfer (¹⁵N-AMF) under different conditions by ¹⁵N leaf marker and DNA-SIP technology. We found that the interaction between roots and reducing the application of N fertilizer increased the amount of N transfer from soybean to maize. Compared with plastic plate separation (PS), no separation (NS) and mesh separation (MS) significantly increased the N fixation rate (from 14.33% to 39.09%), and the amount of N transfer under NS was 1.95–3.48 times that under MS. N transfer from soybean to maize ranged from 9.7 to 43.42 mg per pot in the no N treatment, while the addition of N fertilizer reduced N transfer by 14.12–66.28%. This is due to root interaction and reduced N fertilization increased the abundance and diversity of the ¹⁵N-AMF community, thereby promoting AMF colonization of maize and soybean roots. AMF colonization in soybean and maize roots under NS treatment was 6.47–17.24% higher than under MS treatment in all three levels of N addition. The increase of mycorrhiza in root system increased the N transfer from soybean to maize significantly. These results suggest that reduced N fertilizer in maize-soybean intercropping systems can increase N transfer by the mycorrhizal pathway, meeting maize N requirements and reducing chemical N fertilizer, which is important for sustainable agricultural development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 101240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49742806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}