Fungal Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Insights into the functional role of fungi in deep-sea hydrothermal vents through the analysis of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur","authors":"Diana L. Salcedo ,&nbsp;Patricia Velez ,&nbsp;Abril Hernandez-Monroy ,&nbsp;Luis A. Soto","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The functional diversity of fungi remains poorly explored in the deep-sea, particularly in hydrothermal vents. Here, we approached this gap through the analysis of stable isotopes of carbon (δ¹³C), nitrogen (δ¹⁵N), and sulfur (δ³⁴S) of fourteen isolates obtained from three deep-sea vent systems of the southern Gulf of California. The δ¹³C results indicated that 60% of the isolates relied on mixed carbon sources fixed by the Calvin-Benson-Bassham and the reductive Tricarboxylic Acid (rTCA) cycles, whereas 40% relied exclusively on rTCA carbon. The δ¹⁵N and δ³⁴S values suggested a dependence on local and external nitrogen sources and the assimilation of chemosynthetic and photosynthetic inputs. Fungal δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N overlapped with those of primary and secondary vent macroconsumers, implying the assimilation of bacterial and invertebrate necromass and their ecological role as parasites. These findings provide insights into the unexplored trophic versatility of fungi in chemosynthetic ecosystems, highlighting their importance in deep-sea trophic dynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 101250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49743169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deterministic processes have limited impacts on foliar fungal endophyte communities along a savanna-forest successional gradient","authors":"Mathew Andrew Harris ,&nbsp;Martin Kemler ,&nbsp;Bernard Slippers ,&nbsp;Samantha-Leigh Jamison-Daniels ,&nbsp;Frederick Witfeld ,&nbsp;Monique Botha ,&nbsp;Dominik Begerow ,&nbsp;Andreas Brachmann ,&nbsp;Michelle Greve","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Patterns and drivers of succession provide insight into the mechanisms that govern community assembly, but remain poorly understood for microbial communities. We assess whether successional trends of trees are mirrored by foliar endophyte communities of three tree species across a deterministic woody successional gradient. Additionally, we test the relative contribution of abiotic predictors, biotic factors, and spatial distance between sites in predicting composition and richness of endophyte communities. Unlike the tree community, endophyte communities showed no consistent evidence of deterministic succession. Host identity was the most important factor structuring endophyte community composition; within hosts, spatial distance from the indigenous forest and between samples was important, while environmental predictors had small and inconsistent effects. Much variation in endophyte composition remained unexplained. In contrast, endophyte richness was well-explained by predictor variables. Host identity was most important in predicting endophyte richness, while the effect of other predictors on richness differed between host species. We conclude that deterministic succession in trees did not result in deterministic succession in endophyte communities; instead community assembly was most strongly influenced by host identity; while within hosts, neutral processes may be more important for endophyte assembly than deterministic factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 101249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49743165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proportion of mycorrhiza-associated trees mediates community assemblages of soil fungi but not of bacteria","authors":"Hua Xing ,&nbsp;Shuo Jiao ,&nbsp;Xian Wu ,&nbsp;Minhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Shu Dong ,&nbsp;Fangliang He ,&nbsp;Yu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent studies have shown that mycorrhizal trees can greatly influence soil microbial communities, which in turn play important roles in the function offorest ecosystems. However, there is lack of understanding how the composition of trees with different mycorrhizal types affects soil microbial communities. Here, we collected 1606 soil samples from a 25-ha subtropical forest plot to investigate how the proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) <em>versus</em> ectomycorrhizal (EcM) trees mediated soil microbial assemblages. Results showed the alpha diversities of both soil fungal and bacterial communities were significantly positively correlated with the ratio of AM/EcM trees. The AM/EcM tree ratio was important to the fungal community assembly, whereas soil pH was key to the bacterial communities. The increase in the AM/EcM tree ratio decreased the importance of stochastic forces in assembling fungal communities, while it had no significant effect on the bacterial communities. The differential importance of the AM/EcM tree ratio to fungal and bacterial communities highlights the role of mycorrhiza-associated tree composition in regulating soil microbial communities. This finding suggests that forests with different AM/EcM tree ratios would have different soil microbial communities, potentially leading to differences in soil nutrient cycling and in return different tree diversity and forest productivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 101251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49742895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root and hyphal interactions influence N transfer by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soybean/maize intercropping systems","authors":"Tantan Zhang ,&nbsp;Lingling Yu ,&nbsp;Yuting Shao ,&nbsp;Jianwu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In maize-soybean intercropping systems, the transfer of N from soybean to maize gives the intercropping system the advantage of improved N utilization and higher yields. Mycorrhiza acts as an important pathway for N transfer, providing a constant supply of N to sustain the growth and development of maize in its early stages. However, it is not clear how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) drive the transfer of N from soybean to maize in the intercropping system. Therefore, we quantified the amount of N transferred from soybean to maize under low and high N levels in the intercropping system, and the abundance and diversity of AMF involved in N transfer (¹⁵N-AMF) under different conditions by ¹⁵N leaf marker and DNA-SIP technology. We found that the interaction between roots and reducing the application of N fertilizer increased the amount of N transfer from soybean to maize. Compared with plastic plate separation (PS), no separation (NS) and mesh separation (MS) significantly increased the N fixation rate (from 14.33% to 39.09%), and the amount of N transfer under NS was 1.95–3.48 times that under MS. N transfer from soybean to maize ranged from 9.7 to 43.42 mg per pot in the no N treatment, while the addition of N fertilizer reduced N transfer by 14.12–66.28%. This is due to root interaction and reduced N fertilization increased the abundance and diversity of the ¹⁵N-AMF community, thereby promoting AMF colonization of maize and soybean roots. AMF colonization in soybean and maize roots under NS treatment was 6.47–17.24% higher than under MS treatment in all three levels of N addition. The increase of mycorrhiza in root system increased the N transfer from soybean to maize significantly. These results suggest that reduced N fertilizer in maize-soybean intercropping systems can increase N transfer by the mycorrhizal pathway, meeting maize N requirements and reducing chemical N fertilizer, which is important for sustainable agricultural development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 101240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49742806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal consumption of mycorrhizal fungi by a marsupial-dominated mammal community","authors":"Conor Nest,&nbsp;Todd F. Elliott,&nbsp;Tani Cooper,&nbsp;Karl Vernes","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The temperate forests of Australia support a high diversity of hypogeous fungi and a wide variety of mycophagous mammals, yet many mammal-fungal relationships are still poorly understood. We studied the seasonal fungal diets of eight sympatric mammals (seven marsupials and one rodent) in a remnant montane eucalypt forest. Fifty-five different fungal taxa were identified from 305 scat samples. Swamp wallabies (<em>Wallabia bicolor</em>), yellow-footed antechinus (<em>Antechinus flavipes</em>) and brown antechinus (<em>A. stuartii</em>) were the primary mycophagists in this community, but all mammals consumed fungi, including three species not previously recorded as mycophagous (eastern grey kangaroo, <em>Macropus giganteus;</em>common wallaroo, <em>Osphranter robustus;</em> and common dunnart, <em>Sminthopsis murina</em>). Winter was the peak season for fungal consumption and dietary diversity of fungi, however, the diversity of taxa ingested varied between species and season. Our work supports the idea that a diverse mycophagous mammal community is important for maintaining natural variation in fungal community composition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 101247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49763699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the diversity of the enigmatic fungal phylum Cryptomycota across habitats using 18S rRNA metabarcoding","authors":"C. Alisha Quandt ,&nbsp;John A. Marino ,&nbsp;D. Rabern Simmons ,&nbsp;William J. Davis ,&nbsp;Brandon T. Hassett ,&nbsp;Kathryn T. Picard ,&nbsp;Timothy Y. James","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fungi in the phylum Cryptomycota have been recovered in numerous environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys but are only known from five described genera of intracellular parasites. These fungi are common in aquatic and soil habitats, but little is known about their relative diversity and specificity among particular habitats. We surveyed Cryptomycota from 80 eDNA samples including freshwater, soil, and marine habitats using Cryptomycota-preferential primers coupled with long-amplicon PacBio sequencing (1.2 kb of the 18S rRNA gene region). We found that freshwater samples were the most diverse, comprising 175 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Cryptomycota and also showed a high abundance of the related algae-parasitic group Aphelidiomycota, while marine samples were the least diverse with 25 OTUs. The composition of Cryptomycota communities was influenced by habitat, with freshwater and soil showing statistically distinct communities. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the present survey recovered most previously sampled major clades of Cryptomycota, but most (61%) OTUs were novel to this study, indicative of an extensive diversity of the group that remains largely uncharacterized.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 101248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49742951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility of pruning wounds to grapevine trunk disease pathogens Eutypa lata and Diplodia seriata in three climatic conditions in Australia","authors":"Mark R. Sosnowski ,&nbsp;Matthew R. Ayres ,&nbsp;Regina Billones-Baaijens ,&nbsp;Sandra Savocchia ,&nbsp;Eileen S. Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The grapevine trunk diseases Eutypa and Botryosphaeria dieback, caused by fungal species that infect pruning wounds, are a threat to vineyard longevity worldwide. This study evaluated the susceptibility of grapevine pruning wounds in three climatic regions of Australia. In field trials, wounds were made early, mid- and late winter, and inoculated with spores of <em>Eutypa lata</em> or <em>Diplodia seriata</em> at various times, from 1 to 112 days after pruning. For both pathogens, wounds were highly susceptible immediately after pruning, followed by a rapid decrease in susceptibility over the next 14 days in McLaren Vale and Adelaide Hills, South Australia, whereas the period of susceptibility was longer in Big Rivers, New South Wales, where high natural disease pressure of <em>D. seriata</em> confounded results. In the Adelaide Hills, delaying pruning to late winter may reduce the risk of infection by <em>E. lata</em>. A detached cane assay confirmed that the duration of susceptibility of six commonly grown cultivars to <em>E. lata</em> infection was similar.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 101260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49763671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serpula lacrymans reacts with a general, unspecialized chemical response during interaction with mycoparasitic Trichoderma spp. and bacteria","authors":"Julia Embacher ,&nbsp;Manuela Seehauser ,&nbsp;Christoph Kappacher ,&nbsp;Stefan Stuppner ,&nbsp;Susanne Zeilinger ,&nbsp;Martin Kirchmair ,&nbsp;Sigrid Neuhauser","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Serpula lacrymans</em> causes structural damage in timber via cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition. <em>Serpula lacrymans</em> shares its habitat with bacteria and fungi, interactions that often result in stress and changed behaviour of the partners. A typical response to environmental stress is the production of bioactive metabolites and pigments. The diversity and function of these metabolites in inter- and intra-kingdom interactions, is largely elusive. Using dual culture approaches and secondary metabolite fingerprinting with high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) it was demonstrated that stress induces an unspecific <em>vs</em>. Similar metabolite patterns were identified when <em>S. lacrymans</em> was co-cultured with different bacteria and mycoparasitic fungi (<em>Trichoderma</em> spp.). By analysing the metabolites produced along the gradient from the contact zone to more remote parts of the mycelium, we show a systemic reaction of <em>S. lacrymans</em> and that direct contact with other microbes is not a necessity to induce secondary metabolites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49743103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Truffles in the sky: The impact of stochastic and deterministic drivers on Rhizopogon communities of the Madrean sky island archipelago","authors":"Carolina Piña Páez ,&nbsp;Adam R. Carson ,&nbsp;Daniel L. Luoma ,&nbsp;Joseph W. Spatafora","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Temperate forests across the globe are migrating as a result of global warming, but little is known about how changes in climate and host geographic distributions will affect the obligate symbionts of these forests. Analysis of past events can provide insight into how these symbionts have responded to previous climatic changes and inform predictions for contemporary and future climate change events. The Madrean Sky Islands Archipelago (MSIA) comprises mountain “islands” whose Pine-Oak forests appear in stark contrast to the surrounding “sea” of Sonoran Desert vegetation. The archipelago formed due to a post-Pleistocene warming climate that resulted in the expansion of the Sonoran Desert and migration of forests to fragmented, higher elevation areas. <em>Rhizopogon</em> (Boletales) consists of obligate ectomycorrhizal (EcM) symbionts that form truffle sporocarps and associate exclusively with Pinaceae. As such, the MSIA-<em>Rhizopogon</em> system represents a natural experiment of how fungal symbionts responded to climatic change and host migration. <em>Rhizopogon</em> was sampled from nine islands at two sites (one <em>Pinus</em> site and one <em>Pseudotsuga</em> site) per island, and diversity was characterized using the ITS rRNA gene determined from both sporocarps and bioassay-based EcM root tips derived from soil samples collected at each site. We described the biodiversity of <em>Rhizopogon</em> within and among sky islands of the MSIA, and tested whether symbiont species richness and community structure were determined by host association, island identity, geographic distance, or some interaction among these factors. Twenty-five OTUs at 99% similarity in the genus <em>Rhizopogon</em> were identified across nine sky islands with a range of 5–15 OTUs per island. While differential host association with <em>Pinus</em> and <em>Pseudotsuga</em> was a significant driver of community composition, our results supported an even stronger island effect. Furthermore, <em>Rhizopogon</em> communities associated with <em>Pinus</em> forest sites were characterized by random phylogenetic structures across sky islands and are not structured by geographic distance. Our results supported a strong isolation effect that involved historical habitat fragmentation of sky islands in response to past climate changes, and that both host association and stochastic processes, e.g.<em>,</em> ecological drift, played a role in shaping <em>Rhizopogon</em> communities of the MSIA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49743112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of active handheld NDVI sensors for monitoring lichen ground cover","authors":"R. Erlandsson ,&nbsp;M.K. Arneberg ,&nbsp;H. Tømmervik ,&nbsp;E.A. Finne ,&nbsp;L. Nilsen ,&nbsp;J.W. Bjerke","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vegetation indices are corner stones in vegetation monitoring. However, previous field studies on lichens and NDVI have been based on passive sensors. Active handheld sensors, with their own light sources, enables high-precision monitoring under variable ambient conditions. We investigated the use of handheld sensor NDVI for monitoring pale lichen cover across three study sites from boreal heathlands to High Arctic tundra (62–79 °N), and compared it with Sentinel-2 satellite NDVI. NDVI decreased with increasing cover of pale lichens but the correlation between active and satellite NDVI varied between areas. NDVI values declined with lichen cover and ranged from 0.4–0.18 when lichen cover was above 40%. Active ground measurements of NDVI explained 81% of the variation in the satellite NDVI values in Svalbard (High Arctic), while the relationships were lower (∼30% explained variation) in boreal regions (Troms-Finnmark and Røros). We show that active sensors are feasible for extracting information from lichen-dominated vegetation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49763681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}