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Ethical Challenges of Advances in Vaccine Delivery Technologies 疫苗输送技术进步带来的伦理挑战。
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1563
Arthur L. Caplan, Kyle Ferguson, Anne Williamson, The Ethics and Policy Working Group on New Vaccine Delivery Technologies
{"title":"Ethical Challenges of Advances in Vaccine Delivery Technologies","authors":"Arthur L. Caplan,&nbsp;Kyle Ferguson,&nbsp;Anne Williamson,&nbsp;The Ethics and Policy Working Group on New Vaccine Delivery Technologies","doi":"10.1002/hast.1563","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hast.1563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Strategies to address misinformation and hesitancy about vaccines, including the fear of needles, and to overcome obstacles to access, such as the refrigeration that some vaccines demand, strongly suggest the need to develop new vaccine delivery technologies. But, given widespread distrust surrounding vaccination, these new technologies must be introduced to the public with the utmost transparency, care, and community involvement. Two emerging technologies, one a skin-patch vaccine and the other a companion dye and detector, provide excellent examples of greatly improved delivery technologies for which such a careful approach should be developed in order to increase vaccine uptake. Defusing fears and conspiracy mongering must be a key part of their rollout</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 1","pages":"13-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Coeditors' Note 联合编辑说明
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1559
Laura Haupt, Gregory E. Kaebnick
{"title":"A Coeditors' Note","authors":"Laura Haupt,&nbsp;Gregory E. Kaebnick","doi":"10.1002/hast.1559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1559","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>The January-February 2024 issue of the</i> Hastings Center Report <i>includes two sets of pieces concerning brain health. One is a special report on ethical challenges that emerge at various points in the care of people facing dementia. The other set launches the journal's Neuroscience and Society series. An At Law essay provides a framework for challenging discriminatory practices related to the use of algorithms generated by electronic prescription drug monitoring programs in health care. The issue also contains policy recommendations for the use of companion digital humans to address social isolation and loneliness, guidance for the rollout of vaccine delivery technologies, and a call for ethical investigation of data infrastructure</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 1","pages":"inside_front_cover"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hast.1559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identity Theft, Deep Brain Stimulation, and the Primacy of Post-trial Obligations 身份盗窃、脑深部刺激和审后义务的首要地位。
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1567
Joseph J. Fins, Amanda R. Merner, Megan S. Wright, Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz
{"title":"Identity Theft, Deep Brain Stimulation, and the Primacy of Post-trial Obligations","authors":"Joseph J. Fins,&nbsp;Amanda R. Merner,&nbsp;Megan S. Wright,&nbsp;Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz","doi":"10.1002/hast.1567","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hast.1567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Patient narratives from two investigational deep brain stimulation trials for traumatic brain injury and obsessive-compulsive disorder reveal that injury and illness rob individuals of personal identity and that neuromodulation can restore it. The early success of these interventions makes a compelling case for continued post-trial access to these technologies. Given the centrality of personal identity to respect for persons, a failure to provide continued access can be understood to represent a metaphorical identity theft. Such a loss recapitulates the pain of an individual's initial injury or illness and becomes especially tragic because it could be prevented by robust policy. A failure to fulfill this normative obligation constitutes a breach of disability law, which would view post-trial access as a means to achieve social reintegration through this neurotechnological accommodation</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 1","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Digital Humans to Combat Loneliness and Social Isolation: Ethics Concerns and Policy Recommendations 数字人类对抗孤独和社会隔离：伦理问题和政策建议。
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1562
Nancy S. Jecker, Robert Sparrow, Zohar Lederman, Anita Ho
{"title":"Digital Humans to Combat Loneliness and Social Isolation: Ethics Concerns and Policy Recommendations","authors":"Nancy S. Jecker,&nbsp;Robert Sparrow,&nbsp;Zohar Lederman,&nbsp;Anita Ho","doi":"10.1002/hast.1562","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hast.1562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Social isolation and loneliness are growing concerns around the globe that put people at increased risk of disease and early death. One much-touted approach to addressing them is deploying artificially intelligent agents to serve as companions for socially isolated and lonely people. Focusing on digital humans, we consider evidence and ethical arguments for and against this approach. We set forth and defend public health policies that respond to concerns about replacing humans, establishing inferior relationships, algorithmic bias, distributive justice, and data privacy</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contributors 贡献者
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1568
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hast.1568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1568","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hidden Ethical Challenges in Health Data Infrastructure 健康数据基础设施中隐藏的伦理挑战。
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1564
Nicole Contaxis
{"title":"Hidden Ethical Challenges in Health Data Infrastructure","authors":"Nicole Contaxis","doi":"10.1002/hast.1564","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hast.1564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Data infrastructure includes the bureaucratic, technical, and social mechanisms that assist in actions like data management, analysis, storage, and sharing. While issues like data sharing have been addressed in depth in bioethical literature, data infrastructure presents its own ethical considerations, apart from the actions (such as data sharing and data analysis) that it enables. This essay outlines some of these considerations—namely, the ethics of efficiency, the visibility of infrastructure, the power of standards, and the impact of new technologies—in order to invite the bioethics community to participate in conversations about infrastructure, as their expertise is both needed and welcomed</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Issue Information and About the Cover Art 发行信息和关于封面艺术
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1569
{"title":"Issue Information and About the Cover Art","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hast.1569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>On the cover</b>: <i>Neurodiversity,</i> by Amaya Chikuni, 2022, watercolor, white charcoal, and tissue paper on poster board.</p><p>Courtesy of the artist.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hast.1569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Guiding the Future: Rethinking the Role of Advance Directives in the Care of People with Dementia 指引未来：重新思考预先医疗指示在痴呆症患者护理中的作用
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1553
Barak Gaster, Thaddeus Mason Pope
{"title":"Guiding the Future: Rethinking the Role of Advance Directives in the Care of People with Dementia","authors":"Barak Gaster,&nbsp;Thaddeus Mason Pope","doi":"10.1002/hast.1553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>When people lose capacity to make a medical decision, the standard is to assess what their preferences would have been and try to honor their wishes. Dementia raises a special case in such situations, given its long, progressive trajectory during which others must make substituted judgments. The question of how to help surrogates make better-informed decisions has led to the development of dementia-specific advance directives, in which people are given tools to help them communicate what their preferences are while they are still able. Such directives allow the perspective of the person to play a clearer role in guiding decisions about their care. Dementia directives can never serve as rigid algorithms. Rather, they can be used to help inform conversations, to help surrogates make decisions that are better aligned with the preferences the person would have had. This essay lays out the proposed utility of dementia-specific directives and addresses some of the criticisms raised about them</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 S1","pages":"S33-S39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139916766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Too Soon or Too Late: Rethinking the Significance of Six Months When Dementia Is a Primary Diagnosis 太早还是太晚？重新思考将六个月作为痴呆症初诊的意义
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1552
Cindy L. Cain, Timothy E. Quill
{"title":"Too Soon or Too Late: Rethinking the Significance of Six Months When Dementia Is a Primary Diagnosis","authors":"Cindy L. Cain,&nbsp;Timothy E. Quill","doi":"10.1002/hast.1552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Cultural narratives shape how we think about the world, including how we decide when the end of life begins. Hospice care has become an integral part of the end-of-life care in the United States, but as it has grown, its policies and practices have also imposed cultural narratives, like those associated with the “six-month rule” that the majority of the end of life takes place in the final six months of life. This idea is embedded in policies for a range of care practices and reimbursement processes, even though six months is not always a meaningful marker. In the case of people living with advanced dementia, six months is both too early in the trajectory to facilitate conversations and too late in the trajectory to ensure decision-making capacity. This essay encourages scholars and policy-makers to consider how cultural narratives may limit what they think is possible in care for people living with dementia</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 S1","pages":"S29-S32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139916765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Selected Publications Relevant to Topics Explored in This Special Report, with a Focus on the United States 与本特别报告探讨的主题相关的部分出版物，重点介绍美国的情况
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1555
{"title":"Selected Publications Relevant to Topics Explored in This Special Report, with a Focus on the United States","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hast.1555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1555","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 S1","pages":"S48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139916768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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