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Digital Humans to Combat Loneliness and Social Isolation: Ethics Concerns and Policy Recommendations 数字人类对抗孤独和社会隔离：伦理问题和政策建议。
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1562
Nancy S. Jecker, Robert Sparrow, Zohar Lederman, Anita Ho
{"title":"Digital Humans to Combat Loneliness and Social Isolation: Ethics Concerns and Policy Recommendations","authors":"Nancy S. Jecker,&nbsp;Robert Sparrow,&nbsp;Zohar Lederman,&nbsp;Anita Ho","doi":"10.1002/hast.1562","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hast.1562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Social isolation and loneliness are growing concerns around the globe that put people at increased risk of disease and early death. One much-touted approach to addressing them is deploying artificially intelligent agents to serve as companions for socially isolated and lonely people. Focusing on digital humans, we consider evidence and ethical arguments for and against this approach. We set forth and defend public health policies that respond to concerns about replacing humans, establishing inferior relationships, algorithmic bias, distributive justice, and data privacy</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contributors 贡献者
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1568
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hast.1568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1568","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hidden Ethical Challenges in Health Data Infrastructure 健康数据基础设施中隐藏的伦理挑战。
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1564
Nicole Contaxis
{"title":"Hidden Ethical Challenges in Health Data Infrastructure","authors":"Nicole Contaxis","doi":"10.1002/hast.1564","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hast.1564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Data infrastructure includes the bureaucratic, technical, and social mechanisms that assist in actions like data management, analysis, storage, and sharing. While issues like data sharing have been addressed in depth in bioethical literature, data infrastructure presents its own ethical considerations, apart from the actions (such as data sharing and data analysis) that it enables. This essay outlines some of these considerations—namely, the ethics of efficiency, the visibility of infrastructure, the power of standards, and the impact of new technologies—in order to invite the bioethics community to participate in conversations about infrastructure, as their expertise is both needed and welcomed</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Issue Information and About the Cover Art 发行信息和关于封面艺术
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1569
{"title":"Issue Information and About the Cover Art","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hast.1569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>On the cover</b>: <i>Neurodiversity,</i> by Amaya Chikuni, 2022, watercolor, white charcoal, and tissue paper on poster board.</p><p>Courtesy of the artist.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hast.1569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Guiding the Future: Rethinking the Role of Advance Directives in the Care of People with Dementia 指引未来：重新思考预先医疗指示在痴呆症患者护理中的作用
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1553
Barak Gaster, Thaddeus Mason Pope
{"title":"Guiding the Future: Rethinking the Role of Advance Directives in the Care of People with Dementia","authors":"Barak Gaster,&nbsp;Thaddeus Mason Pope","doi":"10.1002/hast.1553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>When people lose capacity to make a medical decision, the standard is to assess what their preferences would have been and try to honor their wishes. Dementia raises a special case in such situations, given its long, progressive trajectory during which others must make substituted judgments. The question of how to help surrogates make better-informed decisions has led to the development of dementia-specific advance directives, in which people are given tools to help them communicate what their preferences are while they are still able. Such directives allow the perspective of the person to play a clearer role in guiding decisions about their care. Dementia directives can never serve as rigid algorithms. Rather, they can be used to help inform conversations, to help surrogates make decisions that are better aligned with the preferences the person would have had. This essay lays out the proposed utility of dementia-specific directives and addresses some of the criticisms raised about them</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 S1","pages":"S33-S39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139916766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Too Soon or Too Late: Rethinking the Significance of Six Months When Dementia Is a Primary Diagnosis 太早还是太晚？重新思考将六个月作为痴呆症初诊的意义
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1552
Cindy L. Cain, Timothy E. Quill
{"title":"Too Soon or Too Late: Rethinking the Significance of Six Months When Dementia Is a Primary Diagnosis","authors":"Cindy L. Cain,&nbsp;Timothy E. Quill","doi":"10.1002/hast.1552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Cultural narratives shape how we think about the world, including how we decide when the end of life begins. Hospice care has become an integral part of the end-of-life care in the United States, but as it has grown, its policies and practices have also imposed cultural narratives, like those associated with the “six-month rule” that the majority of the end of life takes place in the final six months of life. This idea is embedded in policies for a range of care practices and reimbursement processes, even though six months is not always a meaningful marker. In the case of people living with advanced dementia, six months is both too early in the trajectory to facilitate conversations and too late in the trajectory to ensure decision-making capacity. This essay encourages scholars and policy-makers to consider how cultural narratives may limit what they think is possible in care for people living with dementia</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 S1","pages":"S29-S32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139916765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Selected Publications Relevant to Topics Explored in This Special Report, with a Focus on the United States 与本特别报告探讨的主题相关的部分出版物，重点介绍美国的情况
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1555
{"title":"Selected Publications Relevant to Topics Explored in This Special Report, with a Focus on the United States","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hast.1555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1555","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 S1","pages":"S48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139916768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Related Developments and Debates in Canada: Time Line and Publications 加拿大的相关发展和辩论：时间线和出版物
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1556
{"title":"Related Developments and Debates in Canada: Time Line and Publications","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hast.1556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1556","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 S1","pages":"S49-S50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139916769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editors and Authors 编辑与作者
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1557
{"title":"Editors and Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hast.1557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 S1","pages":"inside_back_cover"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139916772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When People Facing Dementia Choose to Hasten Death: The Landscape of Current Ethical, Legal, Medical, and Social Considerations in the United States 当面临痴呆症的人选择加速死亡时：美国当前的伦理、法律、医学和社会考量概况
IF 3.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1550
Emily A. Largent, Jane Lowers, Thaddeus Mason Pope, Timothy E. Quill, Matthew K. Wynia
{"title":"When People Facing Dementia Choose to Hasten Death: The Landscape of Current Ethical, Legal, Medical, and Social Considerations in the United States","authors":"Emily A. Largent,&nbsp;Jane Lowers,&nbsp;Thaddeus Mason Pope,&nbsp;Timothy E. Quill,&nbsp;Matthew K. Wynia","doi":"10.1002/hast.1550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1550","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Some individuals facing dementia contemplate hastening their own death: weighing the possibility of living longer with dementia against the alternative of dying sooner but avoiding the later stages of cognitive and functional impairment. This weighing resonates with an ethical and legal consensus in the United States that individuals can voluntarily choose to forgo life-sustaining interventions and also that medical professionals can support these choices even when they will result in an earlier death. For these reasons, whether and how a terminally ill individual can choose to control the timing of their death is a topic that cannot be avoided when considering the dementia trajectory. With a focus on the U.S. context, this landscape review considers the status of provisions that would legally permit people facing dementia to hasten death with appropriate support from medical professionals. This review can be used to plan and guide clinical and legal practitioner discussion and policy development concerning evolving questions not fully covered by existing medical decision-making provisions</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"54 S1","pages":"S11-S21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hast.1550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139916763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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