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Will an Enhanced Child Have Less Freedom? A U.S. Nationally Representative Survey Experiment 智力增强的孩子会有更少的自由吗？美国全国代表性调查实验。
IF 2.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/hast.70003
John H. Evans
{"title":"Will an Enhanced Child Have Less Freedom? A U.S. Nationally Representative Survey Experiment","authors":"John H. Evans","doi":"10.1002/hast.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hast.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>One of the many arguments against the genetic enhancement of children is that the children enhanced in this way would have restricted freedom by being controlled by the design of their parents. These normative arguments are based on empirical assumptions about the experience of such children, but these assumptions have never been tested. In this paper, I first discuss the mechanisms by which such a loss of freedom would occur. I then produce a test of these assumptions using a survey experiment from a U.S. nationally representative survey with 3,401 adult respondents. The results suggest that the empirical assumptions in the literature are correct and that an enhanced child will experience less freedom than would an unenhanced child</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 4","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IVF, Double Effects, and Risks to Embryonic Persons. 体外受精，双重效果和胚胎人的风险。
IF 2.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/hast.70017
Jonathan F Will
{"title":"IVF, Double Effects, and Risks to Embryonic Persons.","authors":"Jonathan F Will","doi":"10.1002/hast.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Alabama Supreme Court recently held that embryos are children for purposes of the state's Wrongful Death of a Minor Act, causing in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics to halt operations. While an emergency measure was passed to allow fertility services to resume, the governor made clear that it was a temporary fix and that regulations could follow. Indeed, some argue that IVF would have to be outlawed given the risk of loss of embryonic life inherent therein. But lawmakers could use the doctrine of double effect to justify IVF as a means of assisting people to have children notwithstanding a foreseen but unintended risk of loss of embryonic life. Even still, if governments intend to take embryonic personhood seriously, legislatures will have to make difficult decisions about whether certain activities such as cryopreservation, preimplantation genetic screening, and multiembryo transfers ought to be restricted to mitigate the risk of embryonic loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 5","pages":"2-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bright-Line Policy and the Future of the Fourteen-Day Rule. 光明路线政策和14天规则的未来。
IF 2.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/hast.70018
Anna C Mastroianni, Jeffrey P Kahn
{"title":"Bright-Line Policy and the Future of the Fourteen-Day Rule.","authors":"Anna C Mastroianni, Jeffrey P Kahn","doi":"10.1002/hast.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As global science leaders revisit the fourteen-day rule for human embryo research, this commentary explores why its clarity, stability, and the public trust it has fostered have made it a notable success in science policy-and why any change must be approached with care.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 5","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Participant Engagement, Epistemic Injustice, and Early-Phase Implanted Neural Device Research. 参与者参与、认知不公正和早期植入神经装置研究。
IF 2.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/hast.70022
Lilyana Levy, Ashley Feinsinger
{"title":"Participant Engagement, Epistemic Injustice, and Early-Phase Implanted Neural Device Research.","authors":"Lilyana Levy, Ashley Feinsinger","doi":"10.1002/hast.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, participant engagement initiatives in research on implanted neural devices have significantly increased. However, there remains little consensus on the motivations, goals, and best practices for engagement efforts. Drawing on the concept of participatory epistemic injustice, we argue that one core ethical motivation for engagement is epistemic in nature. Based on their subject positions, participants should be key knowledge contributors to implanted neurotech research. Therefore, we argue, participants experience participatory epistemic injustice when their insights do not result in changes to or otherwise influence research protocols, device development, and task design. We contend that engagement can resist this type of injustice only if it establishes robust methods not only to gather but also to actively incorporate participant knowledge into the research and development process.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 5","pages":"18-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Hennepin Healthcare Forced Ketamine Studies, Excited Delirium, and Police Violence. Hennepin医疗保健强迫氯胺酮研究，兴奋性谵妄和警察暴力。
IF 2.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/hast.4985
Carl Elliott, Lauren Wilson
{"title":"The Hennepin Healthcare Forced Ketamine Studies, Excited Delirium, and Police Violence.","authors":"Carl Elliott, Lauren Wilson","doi":"10.1002/hast.4985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.4985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the summer of 2018, the Minneapolis Star Tribune reported clinical trials at Hennepin County Medical Center in which emergency medical personnel were injecting agitated individuals with ketamine, often at the urging of police. These individuals were enrolled in the trials without their knowledge or consent. In one of the studies, nearly 40 percent of subjects given ketamine experienced breathing issues so serious that they had to be intubated. Many subjects were members of vulnerable, marginalized groups. In this paper, we describe the ways in which the Hennepin Healthcare ketamine studies violated federal research guidelines. We consider the troubling relationship between Hennepin Healthcare and law enforcement, as well as the concept of excited delirium. Finally, we consider some alternative ways of conceptualizing clinical trials in which the intervention may not benefit subjects. We compare the ketamine trials to clinical trials of chemical restraints in nursing homes and other health care institutions and also to studies of \"nonlethal\" weapons.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 5","pages":"29-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Xenotransplantation: Injustice, Harm, and Alternatives for Addressing the Organ Crisis. 异种移植：不公、伤害和解决器官危机的替代方案。
IF 2.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/hast.5021
Jasmine Gunkel, Franklin G Miller
{"title":"Xenotransplantation: Injustice, Harm, and Alternatives for Addressing the Organ Crisis.","authors":"Jasmine Gunkel, Franklin G Miller","doi":"10.1002/hast.5021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.5021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xenotransplantation is increasingly touted as the solution to the organ crisis. Some bioethicists, however, have raised concerns about xenotransplantation's implications for health justice and animal welfare. We develop and sharpen these worries, and we explore how they might be mitigated. We compare xenotransplantation with several alternatives for addressing the organ crisis, including directing more money toward public health interventions, and argue that these alternatives are ethically preferable. In light of this, we argue that xenotransplantation is not a justifiable method of addressing the organ crisis. Societal funds and attention ought instead be directed toward more efficient and ethically superior solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 5","pages":"7-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Making America Healthy Again: Remedies for Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s Campaign against Chronic Disease 《让美国再次健康：小罗伯特·f·肯尼迪对抗慢性病运动的补救办法》。
IF 2.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1002/hast.5020
Lawrence O. Gostin, Alexandra Finch, Peter Lurie
{"title":"Making America Healthy Again: Remedies for Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s Campaign against Chronic Disease","authors":"Lawrence O. Gostin,&nbsp;Alexandra Finch,&nbsp;Peter Lurie","doi":"10.1002/hast.5020","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hast.5020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Chronic diseases impose enormous health and economic burdens in the United States, especially on marginalized populations, and demand evidence-based, equity-focused interventions. To combat chronic disease, the Trump administration established the Make America Healthy Again Commission, chaired by Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. However, the MAHA Commission appears to be both ideologically driven and scientifically unsound, and as a consequence, its prospects of proposing policies that meaningfully address chronic disease are exceedingly low. Instead of adopting an evidence-based approach, in his actions and comments to date, Secretary Kennedy has undermined established science, particularly on vaccines; gutted U.S. science and public health infrastructure, including segments responsible for addressing chronic disease; and prioritized concerns that have little basis in science. This essay describes the burden of chronic diseases in the United States, digs deeper into the MAHA agenda, discusses the ethics of chronic disease prevention, and identifies evidence-based policies that would actually be effective in combatting chronic diseases</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 4","pages":"2-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hast.5020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contributors 贡献者
IF 2.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1002/hast.5015
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hast.5015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.5015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why We Can Thrive past Seventy-Five: In Favor of Efforts to Extend the Human Lifespan 为什么我们能活过75岁：支持延长人类寿命的努力
IF 2.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1002/hast.5007
Carolyn B. Ringel, Michael S. Ringel, Arthur L. Caplan
{"title":"Why We Can Thrive past Seventy-Five: In Favor of Efforts to Extend the Human Lifespan","authors":"Carolyn B. Ringel,&nbsp;Michael S. Ringel,&nbsp;Arthur L. Caplan","doi":"10.1002/hast.5007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.5007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>About ten years ago, Ezekiel Emanuel wrote an article extolling the benefits of dying at seventy-five. Since then, longevity and aging interest, research, and funding have exploded. Much of the public is supportive of aging biology research, and books on extending the human lifespan populate bestseller lists. However, the issue remains hotly debated, and many articles published in the lay press spin the research in a negative light. Yet, if we collect these arguments and address each one logically, we see that each implies untenable conclusions. More to the point, there are strong arguments that human health and life have fundamental value and that incremental gains in health and in years of life will benefit us. For both ethical and practical reasons, we should support aging research</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 3","pages":"2-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Issue Information and About the Cover Art 发行信息和关于封面艺术
IF 2.3 3区 哲学
Hastings Center Report Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1002/hast.5019
{"title":"Issue Information and About the Cover Art","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hast.5019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.5019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>On the cover:</b> <i>Chatbot,</i> by Tage Fredheim, oil on canvas, 135 × 110 cm. Courtesy of the artist.</p>","PeriodicalId":55073,"journal":{"name":"Hastings Center Report","volume":"55 3","pages":"i-iv"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hast.5019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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