Hellenic Journal of Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the effectiveness of the latest 4th-generation cryoballoon catheters in pulmonary vein isolation using high-resolution mapping","authors":"Charis Gkalapis ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Vlachos ,&nbsp;Marios Papadakis ,&nbsp;Nikonas Pavleros ,&nbsp;Hans-Jörg Hippe ,&nbsp;Karim Benali ,&nbsp;George Bazoukis ,&nbsp;Konstantinos P. Letsas ,&nbsp;Antonio Frontera ,&nbsp;Pierre Jais ,&nbsp;Michael Gotzmann","doi":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Long-term data showed that up to 27% of pulmonary veins are reconnected using cryoballoon ablation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the latest 4th-generation cryoballoon catheters using ultra high-resolution mapping.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In patients with atrial fibrillation, a standard pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with the latest 4th-generation cryoballoon catheter (Arctic Front Advance PRO, Medtronic Minneapolis, USA) and the spiral mapping catheter (Achieve Advance, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was performed. Subsequently, high-resolution mapping was achieved using the novel multipolar grid mapping catheter (Advisor HD Grid SE, Abbott Laboratories, USA). Follow-up was obtained after 6 months by means of a 7-day Holter electrocardiogram.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In our study, acute PVI was successfully achieved in all 31 patients. The latest 4th-generation cryoballoon catheter is safe in the acute phase of PVI. Additional high-resolution mapping (mean points per map 21,001 ± 4911) using the multipolar grid mapping catheter enabled us to identify residual gaps only in the carina pulmonary vein region; therefore, no additional ablation was performed. Three of 31 patients (10%) presented with atrial arrhythmia recurrence always related with pulmonary vein reconnection; using high-resolution mapping had no additional benefit in identifying pulmonary veins in which reconnection will occur.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The utility of additional high-density mapping, facilitated by the HD Grid catheter after PVI with the 4th-generation cryoballoon catheter do not substantiate a discernible advantage over conventional mapping methodologies, particularly, the spiral mapping catheter. Residual carinal conduction was observed in a substantial cohort of patients (48%), highlighting a persistent challenge in achieving complete electrical isolation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55062,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Journal of Cardiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140830403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary habits among 177,091 Greek schoolchildren by age, sex, weight status, region, and living area. A cross-sectional study","authors":"Konstantinos D. Tambalis ,&nbsp;Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos ,&nbsp;Labros S. Sidossis","doi":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the dietary habits from early childhood to adolescence among participants from all regions of the country and living areas (rural/urban) and assess potential associations between dietary habits and obesity in both sexes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Population data were derived from a cross-sectional health survey on a representative sample of 177,091 children aged 6–18 years. Dietary habits were considered via a self-completed questionnaire (Mediterranean diet quality index for children and adolescents [KIDMED]). Trained investigators assessed the anthropometric data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>KIDMED scores were 6.7 ± 2.4 and 6.8 ± 2.3 for boys and girls, respectively, whereas a percentage of almost 10% of the total study population had insufficient dietary habits. Dietary habits peaked around age 11 years and then gradually worsened until the end of adolescence in both sexes, with an annual trend equal to −0.28 ± 0.02 (p &lt; 0.001) for boys and −0.31 ± 0.03 (p &lt; 0.001) for girls. Schoolchildren who are overweight/obese presented higher percentages in all unhealthy dietary habits (e.g., skipping breakfast, going often to a fast food restaurant, and consuming a lot of sweets) than children with a normal weight (all p-values &lt; 0.001). Dietary habits did not noteworthy differ by area of living, that is, urban versus rural, of participants in both sexes. In addition, no noticeable differences in the values of the KIDMED index were found among all regions of Greece, with the highest values in Attica and Crete in both sexes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Because Greek schoolchildren do not fully adopt the traditional cardio-protective Mediterranean diet, it could be helpful to provide certain recommendations, especially for adolescents, to decrease the risk for future adverse health consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55062,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Journal of Cardiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140830483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratio and rapid coronary blood flow restoration in ST-elevation myocardial infarction","authors":"Ryota Yamada,&nbsp;Manabu Uematsu,&nbsp;Takamitsu Nakamura,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Kobayashi,&nbsp;Takeo Horikoshi,&nbsp;Toru Yoshizaki,&nbsp;Miu Eguchi,&nbsp;Toshiki Takei,&nbsp;Yosuke Watanabe,&nbsp;Kazuto Nakamura,&nbsp;Akira Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.hjc.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hjc.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55062,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Journal of Cardiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 111-113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the European Society of Cardiology pretest probability models for obstructive coronary artery disease in high-risk population","authors":"Ivona Vranic ,&nbsp;Ivan Stankovic ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Ignjatovic ,&nbsp;Srdjan Kafedzic ,&nbsp;Mina Radovanovic-Radosavljevic ,&nbsp;Aleksandar N. Neskovic ,&nbsp;Radosav Vidakovic","doi":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The pre-test probability (PTP) model for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) was updated in 2019 by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). To our knowledge, this model was never externally validated in a population with a high incidence of CAD. The aim of this study is to validate the new PTP ESC model in our population, which has a high CAD incidence, and to compare it with the previous PTP ESC model from 2013.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analysed 1294 symptomatic patients with suspected CAD referred to our centre between 2015 and 2019. In all patients, the PTP score was calculated based on age, gender, and symptoms according to the ESC model from 2013 (2013-ESC-PTP) and 2019 (2019-ESC-PTP). All patients underwent invasive coronary angiography (ICA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 1294 patients, obstructive CAD was diagnosed in 533 patients (41.2%). The 2019-ESC-PTP model categorised significantly more patients into the low probability group (PTP &lt; 15%) than the 2013-ESC-PTP model (39.8% vs. 5.6%, p &lt; 0.001). Obstructive CAD prevalence was underestimated using 2019-ESC-PTP at all PTP levels (calibration intercept 1.15, calibration slope 0.96). The 2013-ESC-PTP overestimated obstructive CAD prevalence (calibration intercept −0.24, calibration slope 0.73). The discrimination measured with an area under the curve was similar for both models, indicating moderate accuracy of the models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In high-risk Serbian population, both the 2013 and 2019 ESC-PTP models had moderate accuracy in diagnosing CAD, with the 2019-ESC-PTP underestimating the prevalence of CAD and the 2013-ESC-PTP overestimating it. Further studies are warranted to establish PTP models for high-risk countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55062,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Journal of Cardiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 58-69"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140904774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic steatosis and its association with left ventricular concentric remodeling: insights from the Corinthia study","authors":"Panagiotis Theofilis ,&nbsp;Vasiliki-Chara Mystakidi ,&nbsp;Athina Goliopoulou ,&nbsp;George-Angelos Papamikroulis ,&nbsp;George Lazaros ,&nbsp;Maria Anastasiou ,&nbsp;Sotiris Tsalamandris ,&nbsp;Georgia Vavouranaki ,&nbsp;Emmanouil Korakas ,&nbsp;Vaia Lambadiari ,&nbsp;Gerasimos Siasos ,&nbsp;Evangelos Oikonomou ,&nbsp;Dimitris Tousoulis","doi":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55062,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Journal of Cardiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 108-110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discordance between remnant cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol predicts cardiovascular disease: the Kailuan prospective cohort study","authors":"Yijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Shouling Wu ,&nbsp;Xue Tian ,&nbsp;Qin Xu ,&nbsp;Xue Xia ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Shuohua Chen ,&nbsp;Fen Liu ,&nbsp;Anxin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Previous studies have shown that remnant cholesterol (RC) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The study aimed to identify the association of RC and the discordance between RC and lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with CVD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were obtained from the Kailuan study. RC was calculated as the non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol minus LDL-C. Discordant RC and LDL-C were defined by percentile difference and clinical cut-off points. Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore the association of RC and the discordance between RC and LDL-C with CVD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 96,769 participants were included, with a median age of 51.61 years and 79.56% were male. There was a significant association between RC levels and the risk of CVD, with an HR of 1.10 (95% CI, 1.08–1.13) in the continuous analysis. The group with a discordantly high RC had a significant increase in CVD, MI, and stroke risk, with HRs of 1.18 (95% CI, 1.10–1.26), 1.23 (1.06–1.43), and 1.15 (1.07–1.24), respectively. Compared with the group with low LDL-C and low RC, the group with low LDL-C and high RC had significantly higher incidences of CVD (HR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.26–1.40]), MI (HR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.41–1.80]), and stroke (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.20–1.35]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Elevated levels of RC and discordantly high RC with LDL-C were associated with the risk of CVD, MI, and stroke. These findings demonstrate the clinical significance of identifying residual risk related to RC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55062,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Journal of Cardiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 48-57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention; insights from the PROGRESS-CTO registry","authors":"Ozgur Selim Ser ,&nbsp;Deniz Mutlu ,&nbsp;Michaella Alexandrou ,&nbsp;Pedro E.P. Carvalho ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Strepkos ,&nbsp;James W. Choi ,&nbsp;Paul Poommipanit ,&nbsp;Khaldoon Alaswad ,&nbsp;Mir Babar Basir ,&nbsp;Rhian Davies ,&nbsp;Farouc A. Jaffer ,&nbsp;Phil Dattilo ,&nbsp;Anthony H. Doing ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Azzalini ,&nbsp;Nazif Avgul ,&nbsp;Raj H. Chandwaney ,&nbsp;Brian K. Jefferson ,&nbsp;Sevket Gorgulu ,&nbsp;Jaikirshan J. Khatri ,&nbsp;Laura D. Young ,&nbsp;Emmanouil S. Brilakis","doi":"10.1016/j.hjc.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hjc.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We compared the procedural characteristics and outcomes of CTO PCIs in patients with and without OSAS in a multicenter registry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 7403 patients who underwent 7408 CTO PCIs between 2012 and 2024 at 47 centers, 942 (13%) had OSAS. Compared with patients without OSAS, patients with OSAS were older; more likely to be men; and had higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cerebrovascular disease, previous heart failure, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and prior PCI. They had higher J-CTO (2.73 ± 1.20 vs. 2.30 ± 1.25; p &lt; 0.001) and PROGRESS-CTO (1.35 ± 1.01 vs. 1.16 ± 0.96; p &lt; 0.001) scores, longer lesion length, and more complex angiographic characteristics. Compared with patients without OSAS, OSAS patients had similar technical success (87.6% vs. 88.3%, p = 0.552) and procedural success (85.9% vs. 87.2%, p = 0.260). There were no differences in terms of in hospital MACEs and death. After a median follow-up of 71 days, the incidence of MACEs (3.9% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.026) and death (2.6% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.003) was higher in patients with OSAS. In multivariable analysis, OSAS was independently associated with higher follow-up MACEs (hazard ratio 2.32, 95% confidence intervals 1.22–3.26, p = 0.006).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>OSAS is common in patients undergoing CTO PCI. Compared with patients without OSAS, OSAS patients had more comorbidities and more complex CTOs, similar rates of periprocedural success and complications, and higher incidence of follow-up MACEs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55062,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Journal of Cardiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 38-47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type IV dual left anterior descending artery variant: multimodality approach","authors":"Konstantinos C. Theodoropoulos,&nbsp;Matthaios Didagelos,&nbsp;Spyridon-Filippos Papadopoulos,&nbsp;Vasileios Kamperidis,&nbsp;Antonios Ziakas","doi":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55062,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Journal of Cardiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 118-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of DASH vs. mediterranean diet accompanied by a salt restriction on metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with high normal blood pressure or grade 1 hypertension: secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Christina D. Filippou ,&nbsp;Costas G. Thomopoulos ,&nbsp;Dimitrios G. Konstantinidis ,&nbsp;Kyriakos S. Dimitriadis ,&nbsp;Christina A. Chrysochoou ,&nbsp;Fotis A. Tatakis ,&nbsp;Eirini P. Siafi ,&nbsp;Dimitrios M. Tousoulis ,&nbsp;Petros I. Nihoyannopoulos ,&nbsp;Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos ,&nbsp;Konstantinos P. Tsioufis","doi":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Lifestyle interventions are recommended as the first-line treatment to control metabolic syndrome components and improve cardiometabolic risk factors. However, studies directly comparing the cardiometabolic effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) vs. the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) accompanied by salt restriction are currently lacking. Thus, with the present secondary analyses of a randomized trial, we aimed to assess the cardiometabolic effects of a 3-month intensive dietary intervention implementing salt restriction alone or on top of the DASH and MedDiet compared to no/minimal intervention in never drug-treated adults with high normal blood pressure (BP) or grade 1 hypertension.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We randomly assigned individuals to the control group (CG, n = 60), salt restriction group (SRG, n = 60), DASH diet with salt restriction group (DDG, n = 60), or MedDiet with salt restriction group (MDG, n = 60).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>According to the intention-to-treat analysis, the DDG and the MDG had lower odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) of metabolic syndrome [0.29 (0.12, 0.72), and 0.15 (0.06, 0.41), respectively] compared to the CG. Moreover, the MDG had lower odds of metabolic syndrome compared to the SRG and lower odds of elevated BP levels than the DDG and the SRG. Moreover, total and LDL-cholesterol, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and systolic/diastolic BP were reduced in all three intervention groups compared to the CG.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>On a background of salt restriction, the MedDiet was superior in BP reduction, but the DASH and MedDiet reduced the prevalence of metabolic syndrome to the same extent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55062,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Journal of Cardiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 24-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young and older patients with acute myocardial infarction: differences in risk factors and angiographic characteristics","authors":"Marios Sagris ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Theofilis ,&nbsp;Vasiliki Mistakidou ,&nbsp;Evangelos Oikonomou ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Tsioufis ,&nbsp;Dimitris Tousoulis","doi":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hjc.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Although coronary artery disease mainly affects older individuals, the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) among younger adults (&lt;55 years) has increased during the past decade. Young and older MI patients have different underlying pathophysiologic characteristics, atherosclerotic plaque morphology, and risk factor profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We studied 977 patients (≤55 years old: 322, &gt;55 years old: 655) who were hospitalized for MI in the previous 5 years. Patients’ baseline characteristics and daily habits were recorded. Angiographic characteristics and vascular lesions were detected, and further examinations, including flow-mediated dilation (FMD), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and central augmentation index (AIx), were performed. Biomarkers of inflammation (Interleukin-6, Tumor-Necrosis factor-a, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1, and Osteopontin) were also tested.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median age in the younger age group was 49 years [interquartile range (IQR: 44–53)] and 66 years (IQR: 61–73) in the older age group. Arterial hypertension was less prevalent in the young compared to the elderly with MI (47.4% vs. 76.2%, p &lt; 0.01). The younger counterparts presented significantly lower rates of diabetes mellitus (19.3% vs. 30.6%, p &lt; 0.01), dyslipidemia (59% vs. 70.8%, p &lt; 0.01), and atrial fibrillation (2.6% vs. 9.7%, p &lt; 0.01) and were more casual smokers (49.3% vs. 23.8%, p &lt; 0.01) compared to older patients with MI. In terms of arterial stiffness, lower PWV [7.3 m/s (IQR: 6.5–8.4 m/s) vs. 9 m/s (IQR: 8–10.8 m/s), p &lt; 0.01] and AIx (20.5 ± 10.8 vs. 25.5 ± 7.8, p &lt; 0.01) were recorded in the young compared to the elderly with MI. Concerning angiographic characteristics, younger patients were more likely to have none or single-vessel disease (55.6% vs. 45.8%, p &lt; 0.02), whereas the older participants more frequently had three or more vessel disease (23.5% vs. 13.6% in the young, p &lt; 0.02). Although significant disparities in blood test results were detected during the acute phase, the great majority of young MI patients were undertreated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Younger patients with MI are more likely to be smokers with impaired PWV measures, present with non-obstructive or single-vessel disease, and often remain undertreated. A better knowledge of the risk factors as well as the anatomic and pathophysiologic processes in young adults will help enhance MI prevention and treatment options in this patient population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55062,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Journal of Cardiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 81-89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140909407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}