IET Renewable Power Generation最新文献

{"title":"Experimental study on the influence of a PEM water electrolyzer cell's impedance on its power consumption under impaired power quality","authors":"Pietari Puranen,&nbsp;Michael Hehemann,&nbsp;Lauri Järvinen,&nbsp;Vesa Ruuskanen,&nbsp;Antti Kosonen,&nbsp;Jero Ahola,&nbsp;Pertti Kauranen","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Impaired power quality is known to increase the power consumption of water electrolysis cells without affecting the hydrogen production rate. Owing to a lack of large-signal dynamic water electrolyzer models, simulations on the topic often consider only the static polarization curve omitting actual cell dynamics. This article aims to bridge the gap by experimentally studying the dynamic phenomena leading to additional power consumption of a polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer cell using sinusoidal current ripple. The effect of ripple amplitude is analyzed with high-speed current and voltage waveform measurements, and the frequency dependence is determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The complex cell impedance is found to be the only parameter needed for determining the additional power consumption at frequencies above <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>30</mn>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mi>Hz</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$30 ,mathrm{Hz}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. This finding enables a simple prediction of additional power consumption for arbitrary current waveforms at frequencies relevant for water electrolyzer rectifiers. At frequencies below <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>30</mn>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mi>Hz</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$30 ,mathrm{Hz}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, the static polarization curve begins to influence the voltage waveform of the specific cell, thereby reducing the predictive power of the impedance model. The results prove the use of the static polarization curve is generally inaccurate for modeling water electrolysis power consumption with ripple current.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 S1","pages":"4480-4496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-layer model predictive control-based scheduling of integrated electricity-hydrogen-heat microgrid","authors":"Pengfei Han,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Xu,&nbsp;Zheng Yan,&nbsp;Zhenfei Tan","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a newly widely used energy source, hydrogen has not yet been integrated with other energies efficiently, leading to low energy efficiency and high operating costs. This paper develops a novel cooperation model to coordinate electricity, hydrogen, and district heating systems and reduce operating costs. First, the mathematical model of electricity, hydrogen, and district heating systems coupled by electrolysers is established, and the bidirectional heat exchange (BHE) between hydrogen production and district heating networks (DHNs) is proposed. Then, a dual-layer model predictive control (DLMPC) method is proposed for the integrated electricity, hydrogen, and heating microgrid (IEHHM) scheduling. The upper layer aims to deal with the hourly power variation and determine the IEHHM operation schedules, and the lower layer revises the power of electrolysers and combined heat and power (CHP) plants to follow the real-time power variation of renewable energy generations (REGs). Simulation results show that: (1) BHE improves the thermal dynamics of electrolysers and DHNs, enhancing operational flexibility; (2) The DLMPC method enables timely adjustments to the dispatch schedule, reducing operating costs by responding to multi-time-scale power variations from REGs.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 S1","pages":"4638-4649"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143250079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-frequency oscillation damping strategy for power system based on virtual dual-input power system stabilizer","authors":"Shengyang Lu,&nbsp;Meng Wu,&nbsp;Jia Liu,&nbsp;Haixin Wang,&nbsp;Luyu Yang,&nbsp;Qingshan Liu,&nbsp;Junyou Yang,&nbsp;Yuqiu Sui","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13174","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To keep pace with the construction of the new-type power system, virtual synchronous generator control, as a classical method of virtual inertia control, has been widely adopted due to its electromechanical characteristics similar to synchronous generator. However, the introduction of rotor motion equations leads to low-frequency oscillation issues in virtual synchronous generator units similar to synchronous machines. To address this challenge, this paper constructs the Phillips-Heffron model of the virtual synchronous generator grid-connected system and analyses the mechanism of low-frequency oscillation in virtual synchronous generator through the damping torque method. Subsequently, a virtual dual-input power system stabilizer is proposed by drawing inspiration from the design principles of the traditional dual-input power system stabilizer to suppress low-frequency oscillations in the power system. The structure of the virtual dual-input power system stabilizer is provided, and the phase compensation method is used to optimize the parameters of the virtual dual-input power system stabilizer. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed virtual dual-input power system stabilizer is verified by simulation comparison.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 S1","pages":"4439-4452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative hybrid model combining informer and K-Means clustering methods for invisible multisite solar power estimation","authors":"Quoc-Thang Phan,&nbsp;Yuan-Kang Wu,&nbsp;Quoc-Dung Phan","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The employment of behind-the-meter solar photovoltaic (PV) systems has gained increasing popularity in recent years as more individuals and organizations aim to reduce their reliance on conventional grid-connected power sources and take advantage of the environmental and economic benefits of solar power. However, precisely estimating the potential output of PV systems is a challenging task, since most of the PV systems used in residential properties have been installed behind the meter. Consequently, electric power companies are limited to accessing only the recorded net electricity consumption. This article introduces an innovative approach to estimate behind-the-meter PV power generation within a large region, utilizing a limited representative subset. The proposed framework integrates Missforest, that is, a robust tool for missing data imputation, with a hybrid application of K-Means, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Principal Component Analysis, for the precise selection of representative PV sites. Additionally, it leverages the Informer model, a cutting-edge deep learning-based time series model, to link the relationship between the PV power generation at representative sites and the total PV power output on the entire region. To conduct a case study, the power output of 367 PV sites and solar radiation measured at 105 weather stations in Taiwan were collected and analyzed. The application of this comprehensive methodology demonstrates a notable advancement in the estimation of “invisible” PV power generation in comparison to other established techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 S1","pages":"4318-4333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “The impact of lightning strike to multi-blade on the lightning overvoltage and stresses of arresters in offshore wind farm”","authors":"","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zhang, J., et al.: The impact of lightning strike to multi-blade on the lightning overvoltage and stresses of arresters in offshore wind farm. IET Renew. Power Gener. 15, 2814–2825 (2021).</p><p>In Section 2.5, the unit of Table 2 was incorrect, and the authors have modified Table 2 as follows:</p><p>The authors apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 S1","pages":"4726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-head pumped hydro storage: An evaluation of energy balancing and frequency support","authors":"Justus Peter Hoffstaedt,&nbsp;Daan Truijen,&nbsp;Antonio Jarquin Laguna,&nbsp;Jeroen De Kooning,&nbsp;Kurt Stockman,&nbsp;Jonathan Fahlbeck,&nbsp;Hakan Nilsson","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13125","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large-scale energy storage solutions are crucial to ensure grid stability and reliability in the ongoing energy transition towards a low-carbon, renewable energy based electricity supply. This article presents the evaluation of a novel low-head pumped hydro storage system designed for coastal environments and shallow seas. The proposed system addresses some of the challenges of low-head pumped hydro storage including the need for larger flow rates and reservoirs as well as the requirement of machinery with high efficiencies across a wide operating range to accommodate larger changes in gross head during storage cycles. It includes several units of contra-rotating reversible pump-turbines connected to axial-flux motor generators within a ring dike, as well as dedicated machine- and grid-side control. The technology allows for independent control of each runner, making it possible to adapt to the specific operating conditions of low-head systems. In this work, a numerical approach is used to simulate the system's performance and dynamic behaviour under various operational conditions, including energy generation, storage, and grid support of a 1 GW system with 4 GWh of storage capacity. The potential system performance for energy balancing cycles is evaluated, and a sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess the influence of scaling the motor-generators on performance and footprint of the plant. Additionally, the capability and limitations of the system to respond to grid demand fluctuations and provide frequency regulation services are assessed. The results demonstrate that the low-head pumped hydro storage system is a viable large-scale energy storage solution, capable of round-trip efficiencies above 70% across a wide operating range. By increasing the maximum power of the electric machines, the maximum head range of the whole system is increased which correlates with a threefold increase in energy density per unit area. The dynamic simulations further show that the system can rapidly change its power output allowing it to provide frequency regulation services. Allocating 20% of its nominal power as a reserve, the new power setpoints can be reached within a maximum of 5 s independent of its initial state of charge.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 S1","pages":"4465-4479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive current protection for three-phase short-circuit faults in active distribution networks","authors":"Shi Su,&nbsp;Yuan Li,&nbsp;Xuehao He,&nbsp;Qingyang Xie,&nbsp;Xiaolong Chen,&nbsp;Zhiyan Zheng,&nbsp;Botong Li,&nbsp;Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13170","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To address the impact of distributed generation (DG) access on the traditional protection configuration methods of distribution networks (DNs) and to facilitate the swift and effective protection of lines by protection devices under fault conditions, an adaptive current protection method for three-phase short-circuit faults in active distribution networks (ADNs), based on local information, is proposed. Initially, the applicability issues of traditional protection are examined, and the limitations of the existing protection scheme in ADNs are highlighted. Subsequently, the fault characteristics of ADNs are analysed, taking into account the output characteristics of DGs under short-circuit faults, which form the foundation for the proposed protection method. Following this, an adaptive current protection method based on local information is introduced, utilizing a dual criterion of phase and magnitude to adjust line protection, with a specific implementation strategy for the protection scheme provided. Finally, the proposed protection scheme is validated using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software, with results demonstrating that the scheme enables rapid and efficient protection action under fault conditions across the entire line.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 S1","pages":"4621-4637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient energy storage systems for fast frequency response: Power-train considerations","authors":"Yiheng Hu,&nbsp;Nigel Schofield,&nbsp;Nan Zhao","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Renewable energy sources generate power intermittently, which poses challenges in meeting power demand. The use of transient energy storage systems (TESSs) has proven to be an effective solution to this issue. Hence, it is crucial to understand the impact of TESS components design on sizing the power-train system during fast frequency response. While power-train systems have been extensively discussed, the impact of dc-link voltage on the TESS power-* train and associated power electronics specification requirements has not been evaluated. This study uses a sodium-nickel chloride (NaNiCl₂) battery-based TESS to assess different power-train options. Specifically, the research investigates the impact of variations in dc-link voltage due to battery regulation and state-of-charge (SoC) on the design of the TESS-connected power-train system, since these will be the major contributions to the power-train system performance envelope. This paper also compares the performance of TESS power-train systems with four different schemes. The power-train models include the detailed modelling of energy sources, power electronic converters, and transformers based on published parameters and testing data. Additionally, the study proposes a performance index to evaluate the superiority of the four schemes in terms of voltage and current rating, efficiency and battery size.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 S1","pages":"4679-4688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defossilising Caribbean's energy system: Highlighting on e-fuel imports, grid integration, and accelerated transition","authors":"Ayobami S. Oyewo,&nbsp;Alejandro Kunkar,&nbsp;Dmitrii Bogdanov,&nbsp;Christian Breyer","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13173","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transitioning to renewables is critical to address the Caribbean's vulnerability to imported fossil fuel price volatility and concerns about climate change. This study presents a first-of-its-kind comprehensive analysis of 17 illustrative pathways varying the impact of e-fuel imports, grid interconnections and an accelerated energy transition towards the Caribbean's carbon neutrality by 2050. The research method is based on techno-economic principles for designing a cost-optimal energy system. An optimisation tool is used, the LUT Energy System Transition Model, to analyse the various pathways. The study finds that high uptake of renewables in Caribbean energy systems significantly lowers costs and enhances reliability, crucial for building competitive and resilient economies. Renewable energy dominated pathways show 7–24% lower cumulative costs compared to alternatives, with grid integration reducing costs by 1–10%. Accelerated transition pathways incur 3–12% higher costs than complete defossilisation by 2050. Solar photovoltaics, wind power, batteries, and electrolysers are pivotal for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Importing e-fuels reduces system costs by 7–16% and supports local resource use. Offshore renewable energy overcome land limitations, driving sustainable development and a vibrant blue economy. High electrification levels with renewable energy, sector coupling, and Power-to-X solutions enhance system efficiency and flexibility. Given the dominance of solar photovoltaics, the Caribbean's energy transition could be more appropriately called a ‘Solar-to-X Economy’. This research contributes to the international perspective on sustainable energy transition for islands.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 S1","pages":"4650-4678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chance-constrained scheduling considering frequency support from electric vehicles under multiple uncertainties","authors":"Yifeng Liu,&nbsp;Wenyuan Zeng,&nbsp;Meng Chen,&nbsp;Zhongshi He,&nbsp;Yi Yuan,&nbsp;Tao Ding","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13171","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the share of renewable generation increasing, considerable synchronous generators have been displaced. This trend results in the decline of system inertia and thus raises the frequency secure issue. Concurrently, electric vehicles (EVs) proliferate. Numerous EVs hold a huge potential of frequency regulation in case of contingency as EVs are able to achieve primary frequency responses (PFRs) via vehicle to grid chargers. However, the value of frequency responses from aggregated EVs has not fully exploited. This paper, proposes a chance constrained scheduling model incorporating the ability of PFRs from aggregated EVs. The proposed model characterizes uncertainties associated PFR capacities from aggregated EVs and wind power forecast errors by the Wasserstein-metric ambiguity sets, which do not rely on distributional assumption, and then formulates uncertainties-related constraints as distributionally robust (DR) chance constraints. These DR chance constraints are reformulated as tractable linear programs. Consequently, the proposed model leads to a mixed-integer linear program. Numerical results on a modified IEEE 39-bus system show that incorporating PFR from EVs can reduce total costs from $4,540,396 to $4,431,233, which is reduced by 2.4%. The proposed model also achieves better reliability compared to traditional methods, demonstrating the distributionally robust optimization in enhancing electricity scheduling and rising renewable integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 S1","pages":"4348-4359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}