{"title":"Future-proofing city power grids: FID-based efficient interconnection strategies for major load-centred environments","authors":"Peiqian Guo, Zhongbei Tian, Zhichang Yuan, Lu Qu, Xiao-Yu Zhang, Xiao-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The flexible interconnection device (FID) offers significant advantages for interconnecting different distribution networks flexibly. This paper focuses on the significant advantages offered by the FID for interconnecting different distribution networks flexibly. It specifically delves into FID-based multi-voltage and multi-substation distribution networks, proposing a preferable scheme applicable to major load-centred cities. Beginning with an analysis of constructed FID-based flexible interconnected distribution network projects, key configurations and features are summarized. Subsequently, typical configurations, electrical parameters, facilities, relevant power functionalities, and application scenarios of multi-voltage multi-substation distribution networks are outlined. Building upon this foundation, a suitable interconnection scheme tailored for current urban use is explored to meet the specific needs of load-centred cities, while incorporating recent advancements in high-power-density IGCT technology. An EMT model of a 10 kV/10 MW IGCT-based four-substation distribution network is developed in PSCAD/EMTDC. Through thorough analysis under different conditions, the operational performance and benefits are evaluated, providing insights into the efficiency and resilience of the proposed FID-based interconnection. Lastly, challenges and prospects are discussed from various perspectives to advance the development of FID-based flexible interconnection solutions. This study aims to contribute to the advancement and implementation of robust interconnection solutions to meet the evolving needs of major load-centred cities.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 15","pages":"3003-3019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farhad Amiri, Mohammad Hassan Moradi, Mohsen Eskandari
{"title":"Suppression of low-frequency oscillations in hybrid/multi microgrid systems with an improved model predictive controller","authors":"Farhad Amiri, Mohammad Hassan Moradi, Mohsen Eskandari","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grid-forming inverters are used for voltage regulation and frequency control in autonomous hybrid microgrids and multi-microgrid systems by imitating synchronous generators. However, in microgrids with weak grids including low inertia levels and small X/R ratios, these inverters interact with each other, and as a result low-frequency oscillations (LFO) arise. LFO impacts the frequency stability of multi-microgrid systems. Nevertheless, LFO can be mitigated by the load-frequency control system, which serves as a secondary control mechanism. However, the presence of wind turbines and photovoltaic systems in hybrid microgrids adds complexity to the operation of the load-frequency control due to the uncertainty associated with these renewable energy resources, and various controllers have been employed. This paper proposes a novel approach to enhance the performance of the load-frequency control system and suppress LFO. The presented technique reduces the complexity of the hybrid microgrid structure by reducing the number of controllers. The model predictive control (MPC) technique is utilized for load-frequency control and the weight parameters of the MPC are determined using the rain optimization algorithm. The proposed method demonstrates improved dynamic response, reduced overshoot and undershoot responses, decreased controller complexity, and effective LFO suppression. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the method.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 9-10","pages":"1691-1709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141730239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance evaluation of PUC7-based multifunction single-phase solar active filter in real outdoor environments: Experimental insights","authors":"Soufiane Khettab, Aissa Kheldoun, Rafik Bradai, Adel Oubelaid, Sandeep Kumar, Nima Khosravi","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a novel architecture to enhance the performance of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems through the introduction of several key novelties. Firstly, a packed U-cell seven-level (PUC7)-based single-phase solar active filter is implemented, offering a comprehensive solution for harmonics mitigation, reactive power compensation, and efficient power extraction from the PV source, while facilitating the injection of real power into the grid. Secondly, the p-q power injection algorithm is modified to accommodate the extraction of solar power from the PV generator to the grid, simultaneously addressing the need for harmonic current injection to improve power quality. This modification ensures dynamic performance by extracting reference current with harmonic content and solar power information, thereby enhancing the system's overall efficiency. Lastly, the proposed architecture undergoes real outdoor testing, validating its performance in various key aspects including maximum power tracking, reduction of total harmonic distortion in comparison with previous work, operation at unity power factor, and testing the effective operation of the multifunction feature. These contributions collectively demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in enhancing power injection quality and reactive power compensation under real outdoor conditions of PV systems connected to the grid.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 11","pages":"1740-1757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuhong Zhu, Yangqing Dan, Lei Wang, Lei Yan, Yongzhi Zhou, Wei Wei
{"title":"Inter-day energy storage expansion framework against extreme wind droughts based on extreme value theory and deep generation models","authors":"Yuhong Zhu, Yangqing Dan, Lei Wang, Lei Yan, Yongzhi Zhou, Wei Wei","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The worldwide occurrence of wind droughts challenges the balance of power systems between energy production and consumption. Expanding inter-day energy storage serves as a strategic solution, yet optimizing its capacity depends on accurately modeling future renewable energy uncertainties to avoid over- or under-investment. Existing approaches that use the historical extreme scenario set (HESS) to represent future conditions are contentious due to potential inadequacies in forecasting future extreme scenarios (ESs), including those on a decadal or centennial scale. This study addresses the issue by proposing an advanced energy storage expansion framework that leverages Extreme Value Theory (EVT) and a novel Deep Generative Model, namely the Diffusion Model. To model the extremes in a principled way, this work leverages EVT to establish a severity-probability mapping for wind droughts, guiding the training process of the Diffusion Model. This model excels in generating ESs that accurately reflect the distribution of real-world extremes, thereby significantly enhancing the predictive capacity of HESS. Case studies on a real-world power system confirm the method's capacity to generate high-quality ESs, encompassing the most severe historical wind droughts not included in the training dataset, thereby facilitating resilient energy storage expansion against unforeseen extremes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 9-10","pages":"1675-1690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141730076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaojing Chen, Haiying Dong, Yulong Che, Amin Huang
{"title":"Emergency coordinated control of multiple VSC-HVDC for improving power system transient frequency and steady-state frequency","authors":"Xiaojing Chen, Haiying Dong, Yulong Che, Amin Huang","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the penetration of the high proportion of power electronics interfaced energy resources, the frequency stability issue in power systems is becoming increasingly prominent. This paper proposes a coordinated control strategy of multiple voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission (VSC-HVDC) to simultaneously improve the transient frequency and steady-state frequency after a severe disturbance. Firstly, a modified average system frequency response (MASFR) model is constructed with reserve power limitation, which takes into account the frequency responses of different types of generators (thermal, hydro and new energy resources). Secondly, according to the frequency stability requirements, the corresponding constraints, which consider the overload capacity of VSC-HVDC, the AC transmission capacity and the frequency of AC grids on both sides of VSC-HVDC, are formulated. Thirdly, for the transient frequency control, the coordinated optimization control model of multiple VSC-HVDC is established, which aims to minimize the control energy considering the transient frequency threshold. For the steady-state frequency control, the coordinated optimization control model is fomulated, which aims to minimize the control cost while considering the steady-state frequency threshold. The two control schemes achieve seamless and smooth switching. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified in the improved IEEE 39 bus system.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 11","pages":"1723-1739"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PPMLM direct thrust force control based on iterative learning high-order improved model free adaptive control","authors":"Xiuping Wang, Shunyu Yao, Chunyu Qu","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13013","DOIUrl":"10.1049/rpg2.13013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A high-order improved model free adaptive control method based on iterative learning is designed to address the problem that primary permanent magnet linear motor has poor control performance, susceptibilities to load disturbances and other nonlinear disturbances during operation. The proposed algorithm adopts an improved dynamic linearization model and high-order pseudo partial derivative estimation algorithm, which improves the data utilization of the data-driven control algorithm, makes the algorithm better to describe the dynamic behaviour of the primary permanent magnet linear motor direct thrust force control system and improves the speed tracking accuracy and anti-interference ability of the system. In addition, iterative learning control was adopted as feedforward compensation to further improve the control performance of the system and the stability of the closed-loop system was analysed analytically. The simulation results show that the proposed control algorithm can improve the control accuracy of the system and suppress load disturbances and other nonlinear disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 9-10","pages":"1661-1674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141355103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianming Jiang, Xu Jiang, Gongyi Song, Song Tong, Yanhai Li
{"title":"A novel high-impedance neutral grounding method for medium- or large-size hydroelectric generators","authors":"Jianming Jiang, Xu Jiang, Gongyi Song, Song Tong, Yanhai Li","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13015","DOIUrl":"10.1049/rpg2.13015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the capacity of medium or large hydroelectric generators increases, conventional grounding methods face challenges in effectively limiting single-phase to earth fault current and neutral displacement voltage within acceptable range. Excessive fault current and neutral displacement voltage pose threats to the stability and safety of power generation and transmission systems. Inherent design deficiencies in conventional grounding methods lead to failures in meeting fault current and voltage requirements. To address this, this paper proposes a novel grounding method utilizing high impedance to restrict excessive fault current and neutral displacement voltage. The method minimizes both fault current and neutral displacement voltage by optimally selecting device parameters through minimal iterative trials. Additionally, a novel indicator is introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of grounding method by monitoring changes in neutral displacement voltage. The method is tested through theoretical calculation and field experiments, successfully implemented in large-size hydroelectric generator.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 13","pages":"2034-2043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental investigation of BIPV/T application in winter season under Şanlıurfa's meteorological conditions","authors":"Yusuf Can Demir, Mehmet Azmi Aktacir","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13014","DOIUrl":"10.1049/rpg2.13014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Considering that nearly 39% of the total CO<sub>2</sub> emission released into the atmosphere today are thought to be due to the energy consumed by buildings, the importance of taking measures through buildings to combat global warming is evident. Therefore, the concept of nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB) is come to the forefront. Building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPV/T) systems are used to enable buildings to generate their own energy. However, buildings have limited facade and roof areas required for BIPV/T systems. Therefore, in this study, various configurations of bifacial (double-sided) and monofacial (single-sided) panels were compared to investigate ways to enhance the efficiency of BIPV/T systems. Different air flow velocities and varying air gap distances were tested for both panel types. By placing a reflective surface on the wall behind the bifacial panel, the electrical efficiency of the bifacial panel was increased and proven through PVsyst analysis. Both panels provided maximum heat efficiency at the shortest air gap distance under high air flow conditions. In addition, it was shown in both the experimental setup and Comsol CFD analysis that it provides significant benefit in the thermal energy load of the building when heating the interior environment in winter. In terms of electrical power production surplus, the bifacial panel outperformed the monofacial panel in all configurations, with a minimum advantage of 8.33% and a maximum of 12.73%. Additionally, the maximum electrical efficiency was obtained from the bifacial panel in configurations with the longest air gap distance. Using the bifacial panel in the BIPV/T system with the shortest air gap distance during the heating season and the longest air gap distance during other seasons can provide the highest efficiency for the building throughout the year.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 9-10","pages":"1626-1645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hasan Gundogdu, Alpaslan Demirci, Said Mirza Tercan, Ali Durusu
{"title":"An improved regression-based perturb and observation global maximum power point tracker methods","authors":"Hasan Gundogdu, Alpaslan Demirci, Said Mirza Tercan, Ali Durusu","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13017","DOIUrl":"10.1049/rpg2.13017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Solar photovoltaic energy is a vital renewable resource because it is clean, endless, and pollution-free. Due to the fast growth of the semiconductor and power electronics sectors, photovoltaic (PV) technologies are climbing significant attention in modern electrical power applications. Operating PV energy conversion systems at the maximum power point is essential for getting the maximum power output and raising efficiency. This paper proposes a regression-based Perturb and Observe method to quickly find a global maximum power point, avoiding being stuck in local maxima, likewise analytical and metaheuristic methods. The improved control focuses on the narrowed search areas by linear and non-linear regression analyses using the generated PV model on a flexible Python environment. Furthermore, the method's accuracy is validated in real time under variable temperatures, irradiations, and loads. This method was proven with a hardware implementation. The proposed method is more than 98% accurate and can withstand long-term modelling. The suggested regression-based perturbation and observation method provided a short learning time and easy implementation. Additionally, the dynamic recorded results can be visualized for researchers to utilize efficiently.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 9-10","pages":"1646-1660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on temperature control of proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell based on MO-TD3","authors":"Libo Ma, Hongshan Zhao, Sichao Pan","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.12997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12997","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To solve the problem of temperature control in proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell (PEMEC), this paper presents a temperature control method based on multi-experience pool probability playback and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise-twin delay depth deterministic strategy gradient. Firstly, considering the influence of water supply, anode and cathode pressure, and natural heat dissipation on temperature, a refined thermal model of PEMEC is established and transformed into a Markov model under the framework of deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Then, to solve the training instability and poor control effect of DRL caused by inertia delay of the PEMEC temperature control system, multi-empirical pool probability playback and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck random process noise techniques are introduced on the basis of the traditional DRL method. Finally, the simulation and hardware-in-the-loop experience results show that the proposed method outperforms other advanced methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 9-10","pages":"1597-1610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.12997","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141730181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}