IET Renewable Power Generation最新文献

{"title":"Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) Based Algorithm in Multi-Level Control of an Islanded DC Microgrid Connected to Variable Communication Networks","authors":"Hira Anum,&nbsp;Muntazim Abbas Hashmi,&nbsp;Muhammad Umair Shahid,&nbsp;Mohammad R. Altimania,&nbsp;Fares Suliaman Alromithy,&nbsp;Hafiz Mudassir Munir,&nbsp;Muhammad Irfan,&nbsp;Mohsin Jamil","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The utilization of microgrids (MGs) and energy communities has surged in recent years, enabling numerous stakeholders to participate in the power distribution system. Unfortunately, communication infrastructure failures in rural networks has increased the operational blind spots. In the event of a failure, information sharing may be delayed. To address this problem in a multi-feeder MG, a resilient control approach utilizing RNN-based control has been proposed to manage load sharing and voltage regulation during communication delays. A recurrent neural network (RNN) is utilized to optimize the control scheme for the operating direction for each distributed generating point. Traditional control may become unstable during information breaks, but the proposed RNN method improves connectivity during such occurrences. Through this analysis, the research showcased the efficacy of the proposed RNN technique in precisely distributing the load and regulating voltage, particularly during information breaks. The study also confirmed that the RNN strategy is more efficient than conventional control methods. The RNN approach creates a resilient and stable network to information failures, and the study's findings were derived from the detailed mathematical analysis of DC microgrid (DC MG) load conditions and radial networks' uncertain line characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency-Oriented Control of LLC Resonant Converter for Grid-Connected Inverter","authors":"Cagdas Hisar,&nbsp;Necmi Altin,&nbsp;Saban Ozdemir,&nbsp;Ibrahim Sefa","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study proposes an efficiency-oriented control approach for an LLC resonant converter-based high-frequency-link grid-connected inverter. The proposed topology has two stages. In the first stage, the LLC resonant converter generates a rectified sine wave output synchronized with the grid voltage. However, achieving zero gain under this operating condition is a challenge for the LLC resonant converter. To address this, a combination of phase-shift modulation and pulse-frequency modulation is employed without relying on a topology-morphing strategy. This approach enables both zero gain and a wide gain range for the LLC resonant converter. However, integrating two different modulation strategies introduces another challenge. Multiple combinations of phase-shift angles and switching frequency values can yield the same gain. Effectively managing this is crucial to ensure both accurate gain control and optimal system efficiency. Therefore, in the proposed system, a PI controller generates the phase-shift angle value based on the current error. Then, the PSO algorithm dynamically finds the optimal switching frequency value for any instant to maximize efficiency according to the predetermined cost function. This novel efficiency-oriented approach effectively enhances the performance of LLC resonant converters. In the second stage, an unfolder inverter operating at the grid frequency generates a sine wave from the LLC output to achieve grid connection. Since the unfolder operates at the grid frequency, its switching losses are negligible. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system successfully tracks reference signals, even under abrupt changes, while maintaining high efficiency under various operating conditions. Additionally, the output current THD remains within internationally specified limits, ensuring compliance with relevant standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full SiC Three-Level T-Type Quasi-Z Source Inverter as Grid-Forming Unit in Islanded Nanogrid","authors":"Javier Gutiérrez-Escalona,&nbsp;Carlos Roncero-Clemente,&nbsp;Oleksandr Matiushkin,&nbsp;Eva González-Romera,&nbsp;V. Fernão Pires,&nbsp;Enrique Romero-Cadaval","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the electricity landscape evolves towards greater penetration of renewable energy, voltage source inverters (VSIs) have established themselves as the key power electronics interface between distributed energy resources and the electrical power distribution in modern nanogrids (nGs), capable of working as grid-following (GFL) converters during grid-connected operation and as grid-forming (GFM) converters when islanded. As a relatively recent advanced inverter topology, the three-level T-type quasi-impedance source inverter (3L T-Type qZSI) offers the improved harmonic distortion and lower switching losses characteristic of the three-level T-type topology, combined with the boosting capability of the quasi-impedance source network, all within a single power stage. Despite the many benefits of this topology, neither the use of wide bandgap semiconductors for the power converter design nor the study of its feasibility in an islanded ac nG has been conducted. In this paper, a full silicon carbide (SiC) 3L T-Type qZSI experimental prototype was designed, assembled and tested in the context of an islanded nG with a hierarchical GFM control structure operating at a high switching frequency of 50 kHz. The performance of the 3L T-Type qZSI prototype and the overall nG system was verified by simulation and experimentally.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Enhanced Energy Management Systems for Efficient Flow Control in Microgrids","authors":"Mohammed Amine Hoummadi,&nbsp;Badre Bossoufi,&nbsp;Mohammed Karim,&nbsp;Mohammed Hatatah,&nbsp;Thamer A. H. Alghamdi,&nbsp;Mohammed Alenezi","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper has presented a new approach for investigating the potential to rationally use promising sustainable energy sources with highly developed energy management systems integrated into IoT and AI technologies. The empirical analysis was done through a Genetic Algorithm model in Python taken on a typical microgrid system that supplied power to 100 homes at an average of 47 kW. The simulation results show an enormous reduction of waste power in the order of 93%, but at a costlier overall in the microgrid, up by approximately 25%. These results act as strong proof that this integrated approach is technically feasible and economically feasible for the pursuit of efficiency and savings. This study goes further to consider the economic implications of the implementation and maintenance of EMS. It also considers cybersecurity as one of the critical challenges in interconnected microgrids that might influence operational integrity. The research further contributes significantly to knowledge on battery consumption loss and the factors that have to be addressed to avoid negative impacts on the overall system. This research considers a microgrid as a key building block in a flexible and resilient energy infrastructure; its approach covers more than just technical discussions but fosters a broader, transdisciplinary dialogue. In the future, smart EMS integrated with IoT and AI is foreseen to be necessary to enable microgrids to maintain a sustainable and reliable power supply in communities. In short, this article gives fresh guidelines for the development of energy systems that are bound to be not only more efficient but also stable enough to resist any challenge that may come from environmental dynamics. Finally, the article calls upon all researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders to contribute their quota in shaping the future of energy systems of the 21st century in a way that can help make the energy landscape more sustainable and resilient.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust Dynamic State Estimation of Power System With Measurement Outliers Based on Parameterized Analytical Cubature Kalman Filter","authors":"Mingyang Liu,&nbsp;Yanxin Liu,&nbsp;Yi Wang,&nbsp;Venkata Dinavahi,&nbsp;Ze Gao","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate state estimation is paramount for the smooth operation and management of power systems, significantly contributing to their safety, stability, and reliability. However, the presence of channel noise and outliers stemming from phasor measurement units renders as the noise model a deviation from the Gaussian distribution. To mitigate this challenge, this paper introduces a parameterized analytical update cubature Kalman filter (PACKF) that significantly enhances estimation accuracy. Firstly, the updated analytical form of the state variable is derived, in which an unknown parameter is introduced. Secondly, the unknown parameter is approximated using fixed-point iteration, followed by the analytical computation of the required joint posterior probability density function (PDF). Finally, extensive simulations are conducted on the IEEE 39-bus test system, indicating that the proposed method commendable accuracy and efficiency across diverse scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Energy Management Strategy for Virtual Power Plants Integrating EVs Behaviour Analysis Based on TD3 and DQN","authors":"Wei Hu,&nbsp;Shuo Wang,&nbsp;Puliang Du","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An efficient energy management plays a crucial role in enhancing the operational efficiency of distributed energy systems (DERs) and virtual power plants (VPPs). However, existing optimization methods face persistent challenges in coordinating dynamic EV behaviours. High-dimensional state spaces and stochastic demand fluctuations lead to suboptimal performance. This study introduces a dispatch optimization strategy for VPPs that incorporates electric vehicles (EVs) based on the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) and proposes a behaviour analysis driven by deep Q-network (DQN) to precisely evaluate the charge demands of EVs for the TD3 optimization. The simulation results show that: (1) The proposed TD3-EV achieves a 16.7% cost reduction compared to battery scenario, with an 89.45% reduction in MT output and a 38.5% enhancement in grid interaction. Notably, it exhibits 89.07% and over 100% lower costs than deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) and Gurobi; (2) TD3-EV reduces peak unbalance power by 26.1% and 14.3% compared to TD3-Battery and DDPG-EV, highlighting its robustness in energy management; (3) TD3-EV demonstrates 84.71% and 94.39% higher mean reward than TD3-battery and DDPG-EV with more stable convergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Two-Stage Emergency Reconfiguration Strategy for Port Cyber-Physical Systems During Disasters Considering the Marginal Value Quantification of Multi-Service Information Flows","authors":"Sidun Fang,&nbsp;Mengyang Guo,&nbsp;Guanhong Chen,&nbsp;Tao Niu,&nbsp;Ruijin Liao","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the advancement of digitalization, the port is increasingly dependent on cyber systems to coordinate their multiple service operations, gradually evolving into a port cyber-physical system (PCPS). The deepening cyber-physical integration enhances the vulnerability of ports to extreme disasters. In the event of a cyber-physical failure, the coordinated consideration of information flow restoration and power distribution system reconfiguration is of significant value for maximizing load restoration. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a method for quantifying the marginal value of multi-service information flows to objectively assess the relative importance of each service information flow, with the aim of maximizing the load recovery effect in the event of a disaster. Initially, a coupled cyber-physical collaborative restoration model for the port is developed based on the multi-commodity flow framework. Subsequently, the marginal value of each information flow is quantified by the Shapley value approach, with which the coupled model is decoupled and solved by a two-stage restoration strategy. Finally, within the proposed cyber-physical collaborative restoration model, the case study results validate the effectiveness of the two-stage restoration strategy in terms of both load recovery and solution time.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Isolated SIDO DC-DC Converter With a High Controllability for PV Applications","authors":"Hamed Abdi,&nbsp;Mohammad Maalandish,&nbsp;Ali Nadermohammadi,&nbsp;Seyed Hossein Hosseini,&nbsp;Naghi Rostami","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes a novel non-isolated single-input dual-output (SIDO) DC-DC converter with high controllability for application in on-grid photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed topology utilises a combination of a quadratic boost structure and voltage multiplier cells to improve the voltage gain of the converter. Also, it provides two output ports with different voltage levels, making the converter suitable for solar power plants, enabling simultaneous powering of internal loads and the grid-connected inverter through the same converter. Moreover, the proposed converter inherently distributes power asymmetrically between its output ports, prioritising the grid-connected load with a larger power share without needing an internal control loop. On the other hand, the controllability of this converter is significantly enhanced by employing the pole placement method. High voltage gain, soft switching of some switches and diodes, common ground, small ferrite cores, low-capacity capacitors, high efficiency, and high controllability are among the main merits of this topology. The operation of the proposed converter is discussed in detail and compared with other similar structures in the literature. Finally, a 200 W experimental prototype is used to validate the analysis results.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled Inductor Based Quadratic High-Gain DC-DC Converter With Wide Range of CCM Operation for Photovoltaic Applications","authors":"Babak Allahverdinejad,&nbsp;Ali Ajami,&nbsp;Ali Makaremi","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a novel DC-DC converter designed to achieve a high step-up voltage gain while maintaining a continuous input current. By incorporating a coupled inductor, the proposed converter achieves a high voltage conversion ratio. The continuous input current with minimal ripple makes this converter particularly suitable for a wide range of applications, especially in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The converter operates in continuous conduction mode (CCM) across a wide range of output loads, input voltages, and duty cycles. The use of a single power switch and gate driver circuit not only reduces costs but also enhances overall efficiency. The paper provides a detailed steady-state mathematical analysis of the converter and examines its operation in CCM, discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), and boundary condition mode (BCM). Additionally, an efficiency analysis is presented. To validate the converter's performance, experimental results are provided for a prototype with an input voltage of 20 V, an output voltage of 400 V, an output power of 235 W, and a switching frequency of 33 kHz. These results are thoroughly analysed to confirm the converter's effectiveness. Finally, the proposed topology is compared with other existing topologies to further evaluate its performance. For instance, at a duty cycle (D) of 0.5, the converter achieves a voltage gain of 20, demonstrating its superior step-up capability.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Hydrogen Vehicles on the Optimal Scheduling of Stand-Alone Microgrids","authors":"Alireza Ostovar,&nbsp;Amir Ghaedi,&nbsp;Mehdi Nafar,&nbsp;Mohsen Simab","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental problems arisen from burning fossil fuels results in the development of renewable resources for electric power production in the power networks, and electric and hydrogen vehicles in the transportation systems. Among the various renewable sources, wind and photovoltaic power plants have grown more and are widely used to supply loads, especially in microgrids. In this paper, optimal scheduling of a stand-alone microgrid containing wind turbines, photovoltaic power plants and fuel-based generation units is performed. Due to the variation in the wind speed and sun irradiance, the output power of wind turbines and photovoltaic power plants varies. To reduce uncertainty of output power of renewable resources, energy storage system such as electrolysis device- hydrogen tank- fuel cell device can be used in the stand-alone microgrid. The hydrogen produced by electrolysis system is stored in the hydrogen tank. The stored hydrogen can be used in the fuel cell device for electric power generation or sold to the hydrogen vehicles. When, the generated power of renewable resources is less than the required load, the generated power of the fuel cell can compensate all or some of electric power shortage. Besides, the hydrogen vehicles can purchase the electric power stored in their batteries to the microgrid, and participate in the vehicle to microgrid scheme. In this paper, for optimal scheduling of the stand-alone microgrid, operation cost of fuel-based microgrid, the reliability cost associated to the penalty of load curtailment, the income from the sale of electricity and hydrogen and the cost of purchasing electricity from hydrogen vehicles are considered. To clearly investigate the impact of renewable resources, hydrogen storage system and hydrogen vehicles on the optimal scheduling of the stand-alone microgrid, numerical outcomes of a microgrid simulated in the MATLAB software are given.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.70045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}