Infection Genetics and Evolution最新文献

{"title":"Detection and population genetic analysis of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) based on knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the Yangtze River basin of China","authors":"Zu Ma, Qing Liu, Ming Wang, Yu-tong Du, Jing-wen Xie, Zi-ge Yi, Jing-hong Cai, Tong-yan Zhao, Heng-duan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Aedes albopictus</em> is an important vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. Insecticides are often the most effective tools for rapidly decreasing the density of vector populations, especially during arbovirus disease outbreaks. However, the intense use of insecticides, particularly pyrethroids, has led to the selection of resistant mosquito populations worldwide. Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene are one of the main drivers of insecticide resistance in <em>Ae. albopictus</em> and are also known as “knockdown resistance” (<em>kdr</em>) mutations. Knowledge about genetic mutations associated with insecticide resistance is a prerequisite for developing techniques for rapid resistance diagnosis. Here, we report studies on the origin and dispersion of <em>kdr</em> haplotypes in samples of <em>Ae. albopictus</em> from the Yangtze River Basin, China;</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Here, we report the results of PCR genotyping of <em>kdr</em> mutations in 541 <em>Ae. albopictus</em> specimens from 22 sampling sites in 7 provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Basin. Partial DNA sequences of domain II and domain III of the VGSC gene were amplified. These DNA fragments were subsequently sequenced to discover the possible genetic mutations mediating knockdown resistance (<em>kdr</em>) to pyrethroids. The frequency and distribution of <em>kdr</em> mutations were assessed in 22 <em>Ae. albopictus</em> populations. Phylogenetic relationships among the haplotypes were used to infer whether the <em>kdr</em> mutations had a single or multiple origins;</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The <em>kdr</em> mutation at the 1016 locus had 2 alleles with 3 genotypes: <em>V</em>/V (73.38%), V/G (26.43%) and G/G (0.18%). The 1016G homozygous mutation was found in only one case in the CQSL strain in Chongqing, and no 1016G mutations were detected in the SHJD (Shanghai), NJDX (Jiangsu) or HBQN (Hubei) strains. A total of 1532 locus had two alleles and three genotypes, I/I (88.35%), I/T (8.50%) and T/T (3.14%). A total of 1534 locus had four alleles and six genotypes: F/F (49.35%), F/S (19.96%), F/C (1.48%) and F/L (0.18%); S/S (23.66%); and C/C (5.36%). Haplotypes with the F1534C mutation were found only in <em>Ae. albopictus</em> populations in Chongqing and Hubei, and C1534C was found only in three geographic strains in Chongqing. Haplotypes with the 1534S mutation were found only in <em>Ae. albopictus</em> populations in Sichuan and Shanghai. F1534L was found only in HBYC. The <em>Ae. albopictus</em> populations in Shanghai were more genetically differentiated from those in the other regions (except Sichuan), and the genetic differentiation between the populations in Chongqing and those in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Huber, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, and Anhui) was lower. Shanghai and Sichuan displayed low haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. Phylogenetic anal","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567134824000856/pdfft?md5=ad8bcdece9464d502683742101bf5609&pid=1-s2.0-S1567134824000856-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141478012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole genome-based antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiling of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from chronic leg ulcer patients in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Chronic leg ulcers are hard to treat and can be a burden, particularly in resource-limited settings where diagnosis is a challenge. <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> is among the common bacteria isolated from chronic wounds with a great impact on wound healing, particularly in patients with co-morbidities. Antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors in <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolates were assessed to support healthcare professionals to make better therapeutic choices, and importantly to curb the development and spread of antibiotic resistance.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study involved both inpatients and outpatients with chronic leg ulcers was conducted from August 2022 to April 2023 in 2 health facilities in Kilimanjaro region in Tanzania. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the disk diffusion method. Further, whole genome sequencing was performed to study the genotypic characteristics of the isolates.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 92 participants were recruited in which 9 participants were only positive for 10 <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolates upon culture. Five STs among 9 isolates were identified. Most of them belonged to ST8 (44%), with 1 isolate does not belong to any ST. Additionally, 50% of the isolates were methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA). All <em>S. aureus</em> isolates had almost similar virulence factors such as hemolysin, proteases and evasions that promote toxin production, protease production and host immune evasion respectively. Moreover, all <em>mecA</em> positive <em>S. aureus</em> isolates were phenotypically susceptible to cefoxitin.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Presence of <em>mecA</em> positive <em>S. aureus</em> isolates which are also phenotypically susceptible to cefoxitin implies the possibility of classifying MRSA as MSSA. This may result in the possible emergence of highly cefoxitin - resistant strains in health care and community settings when subsequently exposed to beta-lactam agents. Therefore, combination of whole genome sequencing and conventional methods is important in assessing bacterial resistance and virulence to improve management of patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567134824000820/pdfft?md5=372cbf0c2316d46e0b151760ee4fee21&pid=1-s2.0-S1567134824000820-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viperidae snakes infected by mammalian-associated trypanosomatids and a free-living kinetoplastid","authors":"Wesley Arruda Gimenes Nantes ,&nbsp;Sany Caroline Liberal ,&nbsp;Filipe Martins Santos ,&nbsp;Maria Augusta Dario ,&nbsp;Lincoln Takashi Hota Mukoyama ,&nbsp;Katrine Berres Woidella ,&nbsp;Paula Helena Santa Rita ,&nbsp;André Luiz Rodrigues Roque ,&nbsp;Carina Elisei de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Heitor Miraglia Herrera ,&nbsp;Ana Maria Jansen","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trypanosomatids have achieved significant evolutionary success in parasitizing various groups, yet reptiles remain relatively unexplored. The utilization of advanced molecular tools has revealed an increased richness of trypanosomatids in vertebrate hosts. The aim of this study was to identify the trypanosomatid species infecting <em>Bothrops moojeni</em> and <em>Crotalus durissus</em> kept in captivity from 2000 to 2022. Blood samples were obtained from 106 snakes: 73<em>C. durissus</em> and 33 <em>B. moojeni</em>. Whole blood was collected for hemoculture, blood smears and centrifugated to obtain the blood clot that had its DNA extracted and submitted to Nested PCR (18S rDNA gene) to detect Trypanosomatidae. Positive samples were quantified and submitted to both conventional (Sanger) and next generation sequencing (NGS). Cloning of the amplified PCR product was performed for only one individual of <em>C. durissus</em>. To exclude the possibility of local vector transmission, attempts to capture sandflies were conducted using six CDC-LT type light traps. Molecular diagnosis revealed that 34% of the snakes presented trypanosomatid DNA, 47.94% in <em>C. durissus</em> and 3.9% in <em>B. moojeni</em>. The cloning process generated four colonies identified as a new MOTU named Trypanosomatidae sp. CROT. The presence of DNA of five trypanosomatids (<em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em> TcII/VI, <em>Trypanosoma</em> sp. DID, <em>Trypanosoma cascavelli</em>, Trypanosomatidae sp. CROT, <em>Leishmania infantum</em> and <em>Leishmania</em> sp.) and one free-living kinetoplastid (<em>Neobodo</em> sp.) was revealed through NGS and confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. The haplotypic network divided the <em>T. cascavelli</em> sequences into two groups, 1) marsupials and snakes and 2) exclusive to marsupials. Therefore, the diversity of Kinetoplastea is still underestimated. Snakes have the ability to maintain infection with <em>T. cruzi</em> and <em>L. infantum</em> for up to 20 years and the DNA finding of <em>Neobodo</em> sp. in the blood of a <em>C. durissus</em> suggests that this genus can infect vertebrates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567134824000819/pdfft?md5=0bbcd3a4eaff2f818b7f5a5180ce944b&pid=1-s2.0-S1567134824000819-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological observation, molecular identification and evolutionary analysis of Hydatigera kamiyai found in Neodon fuscus from the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau","authors":"Guoyan Zhou ,&nbsp;Haining Zhang ,&nbsp;Wangkai Chen ,&nbsp;Zhi Li ,&nbsp;Xueyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Hydatigera kamiyai</em> (<em>H. kamiyai</em>) is a new species within <em>Hydatigera</em> that has recently been resurrected. Voles and cats are hosts of <em>H. kamiyai</em> and have a certain impact on its health and economy. Moreover, the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP) is a research hotspot representing Earth's biodiversity, as its unique geographical environment and climatic conditions support the growth of a variety of mammals and provide favorable conditions for various parasites to complete their life history. The aim of this study was to reveal the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of <em>H. kamiyai</em> strains isolated from <em>Neodon fuscus</em> on the QTP using morphological and molecular methods. In this study, we morphologically observed <em>H. kamiyai</em> and sequenced the whole mitochondrial genome. Then, we constructed phylogenetic trees with the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The GTR alternative model was selected for divergence time analysis. These data demonstrated that the results were consistent with the general morphological characteristics of <em>Hydatigera</em>. The whole genome of <em>H. kamiyai</em> was 13,822 bp in size, and the A + T content (73%) was greater than the G + C content (27%). The Ka/Ks values were all &lt;1, indicating that all 13 protein-coding genes (13 PCGs) underwent purifying selection during the process of evolution. The phylogenetic tree generated based on the 13 PCGs, cytochrom oxidase subunit I (COI), 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA revealed close phylogenetic relationships between <em>H. kamiyai</em> and <em>Hydatigera</em>, with high node support for the relationship. The divergence time based on 13 PCGs indicated that <em>H. kamiyai</em> diverged approximately 11.3 million years ago (Mya) in the Miocene. Interestingly, it diverged later than the period of rapid uplift in the QTP. We also speculated that <em>H. kamiyai</em> differentiation was caused by host differentiation due to the favorable living conditions brought about by the uplift of the QTP. As there have been relatively few investigations on the mitochondrial genome of <em>H. kamiyai</em>, our study could provide factual support for further studies of <em>H. kamiyai</em> on the QTP. We also emphasized the importance of further studies of its hosts, <em>Neodon fuscus</em> and cats, which will be important for further understanding the life cycle of <em>H. kamiyai</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567134824000807/pdfft?md5=16744eef47359b338b7815e5d189d99f&pid=1-s2.0-S1567134824000807-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural genetic diversity of the DBL domain of a novel member of the Plasmodium vivax erythrocyte binding-like proteins (EBP2) in the Amazon rainforest","authors":"Gabriela M. Fernandes ,&nbsp;Guilherme H. Rodrigues-Mattos ,&nbsp;Letícia M. Torres ,&nbsp;Karla S. Guedes ,&nbsp;Cor J.F. Fontes ,&nbsp;Francis B. Ntumngia ,&nbsp;John H. Adams ,&nbsp;Cristiana F.A. Brito ,&nbsp;Flora S. Kano ,&nbsp;Taís N. de Sousa ,&nbsp;Luzia H. Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In malaria parasites, the erythrocyte binding-like proteins (EBL) are a family of invasion proteins that are attractive vaccine targets. In the case of <em>Plasmodium vivax,</em> the widespread malaria parasite, blood-stage vaccines have been largely focused on a single EBL candidate, the Duffy binding-like domain (DBL) of the Duffy binding protein (DBPII), due to its well-characterized role in the reticulocyte invasion. A novel <em>P. vivax</em> EBL family member, the Erythrocyte binding protein (EBP2, also named EBP or DBP2), binds preferentially to reticulocytes and may mediate an alternative <em>P. vivax</em> invasion pathway. To gain insight into the natural genetic diversity of the DBL domain of EBP2 (region II; EBP2-II), we analyzed <em>ebp2-II</em> gene sequences of 71 <em>P. vivax</em> isolates collected in different endemic settings of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, where <em>P. vivax</em> is the predominant malaria-associated species. Although most of the substitutions in the <em>ebp2-II</em> gene were non-synonymous and suggested positive selection, the results showed that the DBL domain of the EBP2 was much less polymorphic than that of DBPII. The predominant EBP2 haplotype in the Amazon region corresponded to the C127 reference sequence first described in Cambodia (25% C127-like haplotype). An overview of <em>ebp2-II</em> gene sequences available at GenBank (<em>n</em> = 352) from seven countries (Cambodia, Madagascar, Myanmar, PNG, South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam) confirmed the C127-like haplotype as highly prevalent worldwide. Two out of 43 haplotypes (5 to 20 inferred per country) showed a global frequency of 60%. The results presented here open new avenues of research pursuit while suggesting that a vaccine based on the DBL domain of EBP2 should target a few haplotypes for broad coverage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567134824000790/pdfft?md5=cb327ed3110dd5ab37f73f0bea89e755&pid=1-s2.0-S1567134824000790-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of Flaviviridae and Rhabdoviridae EVEs in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus on Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula, China","authors":"Minghui Zhao ,&nbsp;Xin Ran ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Gao ,&nbsp;Mingyu Wu ,&nbsp;Dan Xing ,&nbsp;Hengduan Zhang ,&nbsp;Tongyan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula, the southernmost part of mainland China, are areas where <em>Aedes aegypti</em> and <em>Ae. albopictus</em> are sympatric and are also high-incidence areas of dengue outbreaks in China. Many studies have suggested that <em>Aedes</em> endogenous viral components (EVEs) are enriched in piRNA clusters which can silence incoming viral genomes. Investigation the EVEs present in the piRNA clusters associated with viral infection of <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes in these regions may provide a theoretical basis for novel transmission-blocking vector control strategies.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, specific primers for endogenous <em>Flaviviridae</em> elements (EFVEs) and endogenous <em>Rhabdoviridae</em> elements (ERVEs) were used to detect the distribution of Zika virus infection associated EVEs in the genomes of individuals of the two <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes. Genetic diversity of EVEs with a high detection rate was also analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that many EVEs associated with Zika virus infection were detected in both <em>Aedes</em> species, with the detection rates were 47.68% to 100% in <em>Ae. aegypti</em> and 36.15% to 92.31% in sympatric <em>Ae. albopictus</em> populations. EVEs detection rates in another 17 <em>Ae. albopictus</em> populations ranged from 29.39% to 89.85%. Genetic diversity analyses of the four EVEs (AaFlavi53, AaRha61, AaRha91 and AaRha100) of <em>Ae. aegypti</em> showed that each had high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. The number of haplotypes in AaFlavi53 was 8, with the dominant haplotype being Hap_1 and the other 7 haplotypes being further mutated from Hap_1 in a lineage direction. In contrast, the haplotype diversity of the other three ERVEs (AaRha61, AaRha91 and AaRha100) was more diverse and richer, with the haplotype numbers were 9, 15 and 19 respectively. In addition, these EVEs all showed inconsistent patterns of both population differentiation and dispersal compared to neutral evolutionary genes such as the Mitochondrial COI gene.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The EFVEs and ERVEs tested were present at high frequencies in the field <em>Aedes</em> mosquito populations. The haplotype diversity of the EFVE AaFlavi53 was relatively lower and the three ERVEs (AaRha61, AaRha91, AaRha100) were higher. None of the four EVEs could be indicative of the genetic diversity of the <em>Ae. aegypti</em> population. This study provided theoretical support for the use of EVEs to block arbovirus transmission, but further research is needed into the mechanisms by which these EVEs are antiviral to <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567134824000789/pdfft?md5=1322f40547c2d22eb7c376a1d2eddea3&pid=1-s2.0-S1567134824000789-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies of rational and structure-driven vaccine design for Arenaviruses","authors":"Antonia Sophia Peter ,&nbsp;Dieter S. Hoffmann ,&nbsp;Johannes Klier ,&nbsp;Christina M. Lange ,&nbsp;Johanna Moeller ,&nbsp;Victoria Most ,&nbsp;Christina K. Wüst ,&nbsp;Max Beining ,&nbsp;Sevilay Gülesen ,&nbsp;Hannes Junker ,&nbsp;Birke Brumme ,&nbsp;Torben Schiffner ,&nbsp;Jens Meiler ,&nbsp;Clara T. Schoeder","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 outbreak has highlighted the importance of pandemic preparedness for the prevention of future health crises. One virus family with high pandemic potential are Arenaviruses, which have been detected almost worldwide, particularly in Africa and the Americas. These viruses are highly understudied and many questions regarding their structure, replication and tropism remain unanswered, making the design of an efficacious and molecularly-defined vaccine challenging. We propose that structure-driven computational vaccine design will contribute to overcome these challenges. Computational methods for stabilization of viral glycoproteins or epitope focusing have made progress during the last decades and particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and have proven useful for rational vaccine design and the establishment of novel diagnostic tools. In this review, we summarize gaps in our understanding of Arenavirus molecular biology, highlight challenges in vaccine design and discuss how structure-driven and computationally informed strategies will aid in overcoming these obstacles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567134824000777/pdfft?md5=1601ccc92a02607c1db03e7c5b579869&pid=1-s2.0-S1567134824000777-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141441165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Phylogenomic insights into brucellaceae: The Pseudochrobactrum algeriensis case”","authors":"Maite Loperena-Barber ,&nbsp;Aitor Elizalde-Bielsa ,&nbsp;Miriam Salvador-Bescós ,&nbsp;Paula Ruiz-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Joaquin Miguel Pellegrini ,&nbsp;Chantal Renau-Mínguez ,&nbsp;Rebecca Lancaster ,&nbsp;Amaia Zúñiga-Ripa ,&nbsp;Maite Iriarte ,&nbsp;Jose A. Bengoechea ,&nbsp;Mireia Coscollá ,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Gorvel ,&nbsp;Ignacio Moriyón ,&nbsp;Raquel Conde-Álvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The genus <em>Pseudochrobactrum</em> encompasses free-living bacteria phylogenetically close to <em>Ochrobactrum</em> opportunistic pathogens and to <em>Brucella</em>, facultative intracellular parasites causing brucellosis, a worldwide-extended and grave zoonosis. Recently, <em>Pseudochrobactrum</em> strains were isolated from <em>Brucella</em> natural hosts on <em>Brucella</em> selective media, potentially causing diagnostic confusions. Strikingly, <em>P. algeriensis</em> was isolated from cattle lymph nodes, organs that are inimical to bacteria. Here, we analyse <em>P. algeriensis</em> potential virulence factors in comparison with <em>Ochrobactrum</em> and <em>Brucella</em>. Consistent with genomic analyses, Western-Blot analyses confirmed that <em>P. algeriensis</em> lacks the ability to synthesize the N-formylperosamine O-polysaccharide characteristic of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of smooth <em>Brucella</em> core species. However, unlike other <em>Pseudochrobactrum</em> but similar to some early diverging brucellae, <em>P. algeriensis</em> carries genes potentially synthetizing a rhamnose-based O-polysaccharide LPS. Lipid A analysis by MALDI-TOF demonstrated that <em>P. algeriensis</em> LPS bears a lipid A with a reduced pathogen-associated molecular pattern, a trait shared with <em>Ochrobactrum</em> and <em>Brucella</em> that is essential to generate a highly stable outer membrane and to delay immune activation. Also, although not able to multiply intracellularly in macrophages, the analysis of <em>P. algeriensis</em> cell lipid envelope revealed the presence of large amounts of cationic aminolipids, which may account for the extremely high resistance of <em>P. algeriensis</em> to bactericidal peptides and could favor colonization of mucosae and transient survival in <em>Brucella</em> hosts. However, two traits critical in <em>Brucella</em> pathogenicity are either significantly different (T4SS [VirB]) or absent (erythritol catabolic pathway) in <em>P. algeriensis</em>. This work shows that, while diverging in other characteristics, lipidic envelope features relevant in <em>Brucella</em> pathogenicity are conserved in <em>Brucellaceae</em>. The constant presence of these features strongly suggests that reinforcement of the envelope integrity as an adaptive advantage in soil was maintained in <em>Brucella</em> because of the similarity of some environmental challenges, such as the action of cationic peptide antibiotics and host defense peptides. This information adds knowledge about the evolution of <em>Brucellaceae</em>, and also underlines the taxonomical differences of the three genera compared.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567134824000765/pdfft?md5=ed938635d1090c67cd11e6f421873841&pid=1-s2.0-S1567134824000765-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of human enteric adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-F41) from children with gastroenteritis during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic","authors":"Ru Bai ,&nbsp;Yanyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Junxian Ou ,&nbsp;Wenya Dong ,&nbsp;Tianhua Zhong ,&nbsp;Yiqiang Li ,&nbsp;Congrong Li ,&nbsp;Chengyi Liu ,&nbsp;Cunwei Ji ,&nbsp;Huan Li ,&nbsp;Yasha Luo ,&nbsp;Ya-Fang Mei ,&nbsp;Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Donald Seto ,&nbsp;Aihua Yin ,&nbsp;Qiwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingyong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-F41) usually causes pediatrics gastroenteritis. However, it was reported to be associated with the outbreaks of severe acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology (SAHUA) in pediatrics during COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of enteric HAdV-F41 in 37,920 paediatric gastroenteritis cases from 2017 to 2022 in Guangzhou, China. All children presented were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 during the “zero-COVID” period. The main clinical symptom of the children was diarrhea (96.5%). No fatalities nor liver abnormal symptoms was found. In 2021, one year since the pandemic of COVID-19, the prevalence of HAdV-F41 abruptly increased from 3.71% to 8.64% <em>(P</em> <em>&lt;</em> 0.001). All of HAdV-F41 circulating worldwide were classified into eight different subtypes (G1-G8) based on the phylogenetic clustering permutation of the four capsid genes of HAdV-F41. G3 was the predominant subtype (56.2%; 77/137). CRV5 isolates from SAHUA cases belong to this subtype, in which N312D and H335D mutations in the short fiber knob were identified in both Guangzhou and CRV5 isolates, presumably changing the virus tropism by directly interacting with the heparin sulfate (HS) receptor. Additionally, a novel recombinant G6 subtype, which is unique and only circulating in China was first identified in this study. This is the first study highlighting the prevalence of HAdV-F41 in paediatric cases of gastroenteritis during COVID-19 pandemic in China. The clinical and viral evolution finding of HAdV-F41 provide insight into the clinical characteristics of children with HAdV-F41 infections as well as the uncertain role of HAdV-F41 in the cause of SAHUA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567134824000704/pdfft?md5=7948920e8897d000d2b63b674c4cd280&pid=1-s2.0-S1567134824000704-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Salmonella Typhimurium infection and excretion among laboratory and field strains of the German cockroach suggest a genomic basis for vector competence","authors":"Bashar Ismael ,&nbsp;Morgan Wilson ,&nbsp;Dini Miller ,&nbsp;Jose E. Pietri","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The German cockroach, <em>Blattella germanica</em>, can be a vector of human enteric bacterial pathogens, including <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar Typhimurium (<em>S.</em> Typhimurium)<em>.</em> Transmission of such pathogens by cockroaches has largely been considered a passive mechanical process, but recent studies have argued against this dogma by demonstrating bacterial proliferation within the cockroach gut and the necessity of specific bacterial genes for successful transmission in the feces, revealing unappreciated biological complexity in the vector-pathogen relationship between cockroaches and <em>S.</em> Typhimurium. However, the influence of naturally occurring variation among cockroach populations on pathogen infection and dissemination has not been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to examine whether distinct strains of <em>B. germanica</em> exhibit differences in their ability to become infected by and disseminate <em>S.</em> Typhimurium. We performed controlled infections of one long-term laboratory strain and three recently field-collected strains reared under identical conditions, then compared bacterial loads in the body and excreta of individual insects. Separately, we also compared rates of necrophagy, a behavior known to contribute to the horizontal spread of <em>S.</em> Typhimurium among cockroaches. Our data show significant differences in infection susceptibility, pathogen shedding in the excreta, and necrophagy between laboratory and field strains as well as between some field strains. These observations represent the first evidence that genomic variation among cockroach populations may influence their ability to become infected by and disseminate pathogens, providing further support for the hypothesis that German cockroaches are active biological vectors rather than passive mechanical vectors of <em>S.</em> Typhimuriu<em>m</em>. Additional studies are needed to identify the genomic drivers of vector competence for <em>S.</em> Typhimurium in <em>B. germanica.</em></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567134824000753/pdfft?md5=3e5ad2503243f9f4bc60f93da50d923c&pid=1-s2.0-S1567134824000753-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}