International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping最新文献

{"title":"Fatigue life of elbow pipe for in-plane loading (Part I: Stainless steel)","authors":"Masayuki Kamaya","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed at clarifying whether the fatigue life of stainless steel elbow pipes is the same as that of specimens subjected to uniaxial cyclic loading. The fatigue test under in-plane cyclic displacement was conducted for a stainless steel 100A elbow pipe using six specimens. Since the strain range was a key parameter for the fatigue damage assessment, it was carefully identified in the fatigue test using a digital image correlation technique in addition to strain gauges. Finite element analyses were conducted to estimate the equivalent strain range at the crack initiation point from the measured strain range. Comparison of this fatigue life with that obtained by the fatigue tests for uniaxial loading conditions using specimens taken from an elbow pipe of the same heat indicated there was no reduction in the fatigue life of the elbow pipe for the same equivalent strain range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 105402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect localization method for ferromagnetic pipes based on stepped magnetization in magnetic permeability perturbation testing","authors":"Zhiyang Deng ,&nbsp;Dingkun Qian ,&nbsp;Yushan Wang ,&nbsp;Pan Qi ,&nbsp;Nan Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaochun Song ,&nbsp;Yihua Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The magnetic permeability perturbation testing (MPPT) method is effective for evaluating thick-walled steel pipes. However, determining the burial depth of a defect directly from a single time-domain signal faces challenge. The concept of magnetization layering is introduced, and a defect localization method based on stepped magnetization for ferromagnetic pipes is proposed, which focuses on the change of magnetization layering due to the non-uniform magnetization. The detection signals are acquired under a magnetic field with a step change in intensity, and the defects are localized by the characteristic current <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>V</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>. The relationship between the characteristic current and the magnetization depth <span><math><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow></math></span> is verified by equivalent magnetic circuit analysis and finite element simulation analysis. Experiments on different buried defects verify that the characteristic current <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>V</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> can reflect the buried depth of defects. Finally, some key dimensional parameters of the magnetizer are discussed and optimized. The method is of great practical value for localizing defects from the signal source, which applies to different ferromagnetic pipes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 105394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A ratcheting assessment method based on cumulative damage","authors":"Yuping Su ,&nbsp;Jun Shen ,&nbsp;Libo Mu ,&nbsp;Qianyu Shi ,&nbsp;Mingwan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ratcheting assessment under multiple combined thermo-mechanical load cases has always been an intractable problem in pressure vessel design by analysis. Ratcheting is not allowed in the current widely adopted ratcheting assessment method based on ratcheting boundary, which is conservative and only applicable to single cyclic load case. Whereas, the ratcheting analysis based on elastic-plastic finite element analysis cycle by cycle is computationally heavy and costly. In this paper, a simple and practical ratcheting assessment method based on cumulative damage is proposed. The method is abbreviated RACD method, which is an evaluation method of plastic ratcheting strain for prevention of ratcheting collapse and allows the structure to enter the ratcheting state. Moreover, it has low computational cost and can be applied to the ratcheting assessment of combined load cases. The validity of the RACD method has been verified by the Bree model and application example in this paper. It can be indicated that the linear damage accumulation theory is applicable to the cases where multiple load cases are applied independently and sequentially, but it is not suitable for the combination of multiple loads applied alternately. The load unit assessment method proposed in this paper can effectively deal with the ratcheting assessment problem for alternating combined load cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of stress on corrosion behavior and evolution model of Q235 steel in marine environments","authors":"Ruozhou Wang ,&nbsp;Guiwen Chu ,&nbsp;Jiankai Zhang ,&nbsp;Runyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Yixiang Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Sun ,&nbsp;Zichen Cao ,&nbsp;Liying Song ,&nbsp;Fubin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The corrosion failure mechanism of Q235 steel under different stresses in simulated marine environment was investigated. The corrosion products of Q235 steel under different stresses are characterized. Additionally, electrochemical experiments and finite element simulations were conducted to examine the corrosion behavior of Q235 steel under various stress conditions. Stress promotes the corrosion failure of Q235 steel and accelerates the generation and transformation of corrosion products. Different stress levels lead to distinct stress corrosion mechanisms, with lower stress levels increasing sensitivity to corrosion. Elevated levels of stress result in stress concentration in dislocation defects, leading to more severe localized corrosion. A model for the evolution of stress corrosion failure has been established, revealing that the corrosion behavior at different stress levels is not strictly independent and can transition from low to high stress conditions under certain circumstances. Furthermore, it was observed that even at low stresses, there can be occurrences of stress concentrations leading to localized corrosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 105388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of stress intensity factor equations for rectangular shaped surface flaws in a plate","authors":"Yuuki Okada ,&nbsp;Mizuho Shidawara ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Okada ,&nbsp;Masayuki Kamaya","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Finite element computations and development of equations of stress intensity factors for rectangular shaped surface flaws in a plate are presented. Rectangular surface flaws rather than semi-elliptic shapes are assumed here because of the typical features of the stress corrosion crackings (SCCs) that have recently been found at welded joints in nuclear reactor structures: the SCCs are confined in the weld metal and their aspect ratios are large. The assumption of rectangular shaped flaws simplifies modeling especially for those with very large aspect ratios. A way is presented to define the stress intensity factors at the deepest and surface points of the flaws using the J-integral method. Then stress intensity factor equations are developed for a plate subject to stresses that are expressed by polynomial functions of distance from the plate surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 105387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure degradation and creep failure study of the dissimilar metal welded joint of heat-resistant steel and Inconel 617 alloy tested at 650 °C and applied stress range of 100–150 MPa","authors":"Amit Kumar ,&nbsp;Krishna Guguloth ,&nbsp;Shailesh M. Pandey ,&nbsp;Sachin Sirohi ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Świerczyńska ,&nbsp;Dariusz Fydrych ,&nbsp;Chandan Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105370","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) power plant system is anticipated to become India's next-generation base-load power station. To adopt AUSC technology, dissimilar welded joints (DWJs) between heat-resistant steels and the nickel-based alloys, using the nickel-based fillers, will need to be implemented. However, failure of dissimilar welded joints from P92 steel base metal or the heat affected zone (HAZ) has been commonly observed under high-temperature creep conditions. In the present study, the creep rupture behaviours and rupture mechanisms of DWJ between the Ni-based alloy Inconel 617 and heat-resistant P92 steel with Inconel 617 (ERNiCrCoMo-1) filler metal were investigated. Creep tests were conducted at 650 °C in the stress range of 100–150 MPa. To examine the creep rupture behaviour of the DWJ samples, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microhardness tests were performed. Cross-sectional images of the fractured creep specimens tested under various operating conditions revealed failures originating from distinct locations, including the P92 base metal and the inter-critical heat affected zone (HAZ). The specimen tested at 650 °C/150 MPa exhibited failure originating from the P92 base metal, whereas the specimen tested at 650 °C under the stress range of 100–130 MPa showed failure from the inter-critical heat affected zone (ICHAZ). The failure from P92 BM was primarily governed by plastic deformation, with the growth and coalescence of dimples ultimately resulting in trans-granular fracture. The specimens tested at 650 °C/100–130 MPa, which failed from the ICHAZ, exhibited a typical Type IV inter-granular failure. This failure mode is primarily attributed to matrix softening in HAZ, weakening of the boundaries, coarsening of the precipitates, and the evolution of intermetallic Laves phases. The specimen that failed in the stress range of 100–130 MPa exhibited a high density of microvoids in the ICHAZ, along with a few microvoids in the FGHAZ. The weld metal showed negligible degradation in microstructure, while the hardness study revealed a significant increase in hardness with an increase in rupture time, i.e., a decrease in applied stress and it was attributed to evolution of the new carbide phases in weld metal. Coarsening of the carbide precipitates was observed in each zone of the HAZ of P92 steel as well as in the base metal. The EDS study of the fracture tip and the FGHAZ/ICHAZ of the specimen that failed under stresses of 100 MPa and 120 MPa confirmed the evolution of intermetallic Laves phases. High magnification SEM images confirmed that triple boundaries are preferential locations for microvoid nucleation. The failed specimen showed the presence of microvoids near the carbide precipitates, with a large density of both coarse and fine precipitates confirmed all around and inside the microvoids. The ICHAZ and FGHAZ confirmed the formation of fine prior austenite grain boundaries (PAGBs) ","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 105370"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mechanical vibration on microstructure and impact properties of gas metal arc welding Q450NQR1 welded joints","authors":"Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Xuemei Li ,&nbsp;Rui Guo ,&nbsp;Zicheng Li ,&nbsp;Jiaying Du ,&nbsp;Meng Liu ,&nbsp;Qingming Hu ,&nbsp;Xiangxia Kong ,&nbsp;Li Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article was focused on studying the influence of microstructure and impact performance of Q450NQR1 weathering steel welded joints using low-frequency mechanical vibrations during the welding process (GMAW). The analysis of the molten pool cooling and solidification process in vibration welding is conducted using a one-dimensional Stefan problem and the wave equation coupled model The computational results show that the molten pool cooling time decreases and the stress on the dendrites increases during the crystallization process as vibration frequency increase. Mechanical vibrations with a fixed amplitude of 0.1 mm and frequencies of 0, 20, 40, and 60 Hz were applied to the welding molten pool under the same welding parameters. The microstructure of the weld joints was examined using metallurgical microscope. Charpy impact test was used to measure the impact properties. The results show that the increase in weld zone width is accompanied by a reduction in the heat-affected zone width after the application of mechanical vibrations. The primary proeutectoid ferrite dendrites undergo fragmentation. The acicular ferrite content has increased and structural refinement. The impact energy in the weld zone increases with the increase in vibration frequency. The welded joints exhibit enhanced toughness, with an increased proportion of the fibrous region (F) and the shear lip region (S) at the fracture surface. The distance between the crack instability position and the root of the notch increases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of corrosion behavior of 5Cr steel in CO₂-silty sand environment: Effects of hydrodynamic impact angles","authors":"Hai Li,&nbsp;Wei Liu,&nbsp;Wenqi Li,&nbsp;Longjun Chen,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Pengcheng Fan,&nbsp;Weijian Yang,&nbsp;Yipu Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of impact angles on the corrosion behavior of 5Cr steel in a CO₂-silty sand environment through hydrodynamics analysis. The primary cause of degradation in 5Cr steel is the combined effect of the mechanical damage to the corrosion product film by silty sand particles and corrosive environment. The severity of damage to the corrosion product film on the 5Cr steel surface caused by silty sand particles at different impact angles, from highest to lowest, is 45°, 90°, and 0°. At an impact angle of 45°, the silty sand exerts equal tangential and normal stresses on the corrosion product film, compromising its integrity and requiring more Cr(OH)₃ for repair and stabilization, resulting in the most severe localized pitting corrosion. At impact angles of 0° and 90°, the silty sand exerts only tangential stress and normal stress on the corrosion product film, respectively. The imbalance between normal and tangential stresses at these angles results in shallower and more limited removal of corrosion products, making the destructive effect less significant than at a 45° impact angle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105369"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometry effects on the pressure-temperature limit curve of small modular reactor vessel","authors":"Dong-Hyeon Choi,&nbsp;Min Jeong Park,&nbsp;Min Seek Kim,&nbsp;Yoon-Suk Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reactor vessel (RV), recognized as a critical component that ensures the safety of nuclear power plants, is designed and manufactured with sufficient margins in strength and fracture toughness. With the development of small modular reactors (SMRs), RVs include transition regions characterized by geometric discontinuities that limit the application of existing evaluation methods. This study proposes adequate modeling and numerical analysis techniques tailored to assess the different geometries and better understand their impact. A suitable modeling scheme was introduced to consider specific features when evaluating postulated cracks in the RV. Fracture mechanics evaluations using the finite element method were also conducted to examine accurately the cracks and their associated risks. The results from each finite element analysis were utilized to develop pressure-temperature limit curves, providing insight into the operational range of a developing SMR. This framework addresses the unique challenges in RV design and enhances the safety and reliability of SMR operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using odometry drift to match ILI joint boundaries for run comparisons","authors":"Craig L. Champlin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Repeat coincident inline pipeline inspections are used to calculate defect-to-defect corrosion growth rates (CGRs) for accurate reinspection intervals. First, a pair of inspections is aligned at the boundaries between pipe joints. Pattern matching is then used to match individual defects on paired joints. Joint-boundary matching is a correspondence problem that can be described in terms of “drift”, which is the difference in odometry values at corresponding joint boundaries. Here, drift is formalized and characterized. It is used to describe current joint-boundary matching methods — interpolation, zippering, and direct odometry comparison. We use the drift formulation to illustrate why existing methods produce false matches (1) in the presence of poorly documented reroutes, (2) when there are nonlinearities in the odometry from pig speed changes, and (3) from other inspection problems. We develop a new evidence-based intuition for drift as the systematic bias of position-estimating state machines on inspecting pigs. This is followed by deriving a position-specific drift differencing distance metric using the first-order differencing of the drift. We show this value to be trend stationary. The results section compares the four metrics’ abilities to identify common joint-boundary matching challenges. We found that direct matching and interpolation are unreliable. These methods generate difficult-to-detect mistakes because they rely on a nearest-neighbor matching criterion. Zippering and drift differencing work much better. Both rely on pups in the vicinity of pipeline reconfigurations. They both fail when there are no pups or when a reconfiguration is large. Because zippering uses naive pattern-matching, it is subject to aliasing mistakes when non-corresponding joints are in analogous positions. In contrast, drift differencing, which is position-specific, is immune to this type of error. Finally, we show that the assumptions behind the derivation are valid for an example dataset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}