International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping最新文献

{"title":"Corrosion failure analysis of T2 copper tubes of a heat exchanger in the oilfield nitrogen production system","authors":"Dezhi Zeng ,&nbsp;Chengxiu Yu ,&nbsp;Jiancheng Luo ,&nbsp;Huan Hu ,&nbsp;Shengyao Shi ,&nbsp;Wenguang Zeng ,&nbsp;Jiangjiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Ma ,&nbsp;Fang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a vertical shell-and-tube heat exchanger of the nitrogen production system in an oilfield, perforation failure of the internal heat exchange tubes occurred after only one year of service. The corrosion morphology and chemical composition of the failed tube were analyzed by visual examination, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influence of temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 90 °C on the corrosion behavior of T2 copper was investigated through potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) testing. The uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion behaviors of T2 copper under static and dynamic conditions were separately studied using a circulating flow autoclave. The results indicate that the thicknesses of the corrosion product films are 10.12 μm in the splash zone and 105.8 μm in the dynamic waterline zone, respectively. No significant signs of corrosion or scaling were observed in the immersion zone. Corrosion intensity increases with rising temperature, and corrosion is more severe under dynamic conditions than under static conditions. Under dynamic conditions, the pitting corrosion rate in the dynamic waterline zone reached as high as 1.666 mm/y, whereas almost no pitting corrosion took place in the immersion zone. In the splash and dynamic waterline zones, liquid films experience continuous cycles of formation and evaporation, resulting in increased concentrations of Ca²⁺, CO3²⁻, and Cl⁻. These elevated ion concentrations promote the generation of loose and porous corrosion products such as CaCO₃, Cu₂(OH)₃Cl, and Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃, which facilitate under-deposit corrosion. Furthermore, circulating water disturbances in the dynamic waterline area cause frequent detachment of corrosion products, ultimately leading to perforation due to localized corrosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 105521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress corrosion crack propagation behavior in cold worked low-alloy steel SA508 in simulated primary water of PWR","authors":"Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Bin Wu ,&nbsp;Hongliang Ming ,&nbsp;Yusheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Fanjiang Meng ,&nbsp;Jianqiu Wang ,&nbsp;En-Hou Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates the stress corrosion crack growth rate (SCCGR) of SA508-Gr3 Cl.2 alloy, a pressure vessel steel for nuclear power plants, under varying cold working (CW) conditions (0 % CW, 10 % CW, 20 % CW, and 30 % CW) in simulated primary water environments. The results demonstrate a strong positive correlation between CW degree and SCCGR, with measured values of 1.81 × 10⁻⁸ mm/s (0 % CW), 3.39 × 10⁻⁸ mm/s (10 % CW), 4.78 × 10⁻⁸ mm/s (20 % CW), and 6.02 × 10⁻⁸ mm/s (30 % CW). Compared to the undeformed condition (0 % CW), the SCCGR increased by 87.29 %, 164 %, and 233 % for 10 % CW, 20 % CW, and 30 % CW, respectively. Furthermore, at 30 % CW, the SCCGR exhibited significant oxygen dependence, showing 88.70 % and 157 % increases at dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations of 100 ppb and 500 ppb, respectively, relative to the low-oxygen condition (DO &lt; 5 ppb). These findings provide critical insights into the synergistic effects of cold working and environmental factors on nuclear-grade pressure vessel steels' stress corrosion cracking behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 105523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mode I stress intensity factors for pressurized pipes with multiple cracks: Two coplanar identical semi-elliptical internal surface cracks in the longitudinal direction","authors":"Patchanida Seenuan,&nbsp;Nitikorn Noraphaiphipaksa,&nbsp;Chaosuan Kanchanomai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pipe failures often result from clustered or multiple cracks, with severity quantified by the stress intensity factor (<em>K</em>). For pressurized pipes with multiple cracks, specifically two coplanar identical semi-elliptical internal surface cracks oriented longitudinally, API 579–1/ASME FFS-1 suggests combining cracks into a single equivalent crack when the crack spacing is small. However, the interaction mechanism and criteria for this approach remain unclear. This study used finite element analysis to investigate the Mode I stress intensity factor (<em>K</em>_I) in pressurized pipes with two coplanar semi-elliptical cracks. Various factors influencing interaction were analyzed, including pipe dimensions, crack depths, crack geometries, crack spacings, and internal pressures. Results showed a rapid decrease in <em>K</em>_I near the surface point of crack due to the free surface effect. As crack spacing decreased, interaction effects increased, leading to higher <em>K</em>_I values for multiple cracks compared to a single crack. Interaction was most pronounced at the surface point where cracks connect, caused by stress superposition. The threshold spacing for no interaction increased with crack depth and was consistent across different pipe dimensions and crack geometries. Reducing internal pressure effectively mitigated interaction effects. These findings offer criteria for evaluating crack interaction and guidance for maintaining the structural integrity of pressurized pipes with multiple cracks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 105520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual stress analysis in robotically welded plates using phased array ultrasonics with validation through neutron diffraction and hole-drilling methods","authors":"Brandon Mills ,&nbsp;Joseph Walker ,&nbsp;Yashar Javadi ,&nbsp;Charles N. MacLeod ,&nbsp;Houman Alipooramirabad ,&nbsp;Mark Reid ,&nbsp;Anna Paradowska","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores Residual Stress (RS) measurement in two robotically welded, S275 plates using Phased Array Ultrasonics for Residual Stress Measurement (PAURS) and Neutron Diffraction (ND), with the Incremental Hole Drilling (IHD) method employed for validation. Pogo ultrasonic simulation was used to model the Longitudinal Critically Refracted (LCR) wave and design the ultrasonic setup. Ultrasonic arrays operating at 5 MHz (8 elements) measured RS at a depth of ∼1.25 mm. Results show qualitative agreement among PAURS, ND, and IHD, with RS symmetrically distributed on both sides of the plates, validating the effectiveness of phased array probes for qualitative measurement. However, discrepancies in precise numerical values were observed across methods. As PAURS is a novel technique for welded samples, the paper highlights areas for improvement to enhance its quantitative measurement capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 105518"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collapse resistance of mechanically lined pipes (MLP): A numerical and experimental study investigating the effects of friction coefficient","authors":"Felipe Lutckmeier ,&nbsp;Matheus Kuhn ,&nbsp;Ricardo Jacques ,&nbsp;Allan Dias ,&nbsp;Cristiano Ubessi ,&nbsp;Håvar Ilstad ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Carvalhal ,&nbsp;Thomas Clarke","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims at investigating and quantifying the effect of corrosion-resistant alloy (CRA) liners on the resistance to collapse by external pressure of subsea mechanically lined pipes (MLP) through a comparison of experimental data provided by full-scale testing and finite element modelling (FEM) results. Collapse pressures and respective failure characteristics were identified for a wide range of pipe diameters and wall thicknesses, and the influence of parameters such as ovality and eccentricity was considered. Mechanical tests were performed on samples extracted from commercial pipes to measure the friction between the steel carrier pipe and the liner, and these results were included in the models. Both the experimental and numerical results demonstrate that the liner is critical in improving the collapse resistance of MLPs. They also suggest that existing subsea pipeline design standards may be overly conservative when the influence of the liner in the collapse resistance of MLP is not considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 105517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monotonic deformation behavior of SA333 Gr-6 steel: Dynamic strain aging","authors":"Girendra Kumar ,&nbsp;Avanish Kumar ,&nbsp;Gaurav Nandan ,&nbsp;Shreya Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar ,&nbsp;Himadri Nandan Bar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present investigation intends to examine how the dynamic strain aging (DSA) phenomenon affects tensile flow curves, mechanical properties, and dislocation density through tensile loading. Monotonic tensile tests were carried out at room temperature (RT) and elevated temperatures up to 400 °C, whereas the strain rate varied from 1 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹ to 1 × 10⁻² s⁻¹. Several features of DSA include serrations on the stress-strain curve, negative strain rate sensitivity, an increase in ultimate tensile strength, and a decrease in ductility with an increase in the temperature of the tensile test. DSA phenomenon was quite evident in a temperature range of 200–350 °C at all the strain rates; nevertheless, the dominant DSA temperature regime was observed between 250 and 300 °C for a slow strain rate of 1 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹. However, an increase in the strain rate, the dominant DSA was observed at increased test temperature. Transmission electron micrographs taken post-tensile test revealed that the test conditions that showed a dominant DSA behavior have a higher dislocation density as compared to conditions where there was insignificant or no DSA. The dominant DSA and non-DSA tensile tested specimens had dislocation densities of 12 × 10¹⁵ m⁻² and 5 × 10¹⁵ m⁻², respectively. The shift of dominant DSA phenomena was explained with the help of dislocation waiting time at local barriers and diffusion time of solute atoms at the test temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 105511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of weld oxides on hydrogen induced cracking of API X65 sour high frequency induction welded pipe","authors":"Arnab Karani ,&nbsp;Nikhil Shajan ,&nbsp;Subhankar Das Bakshi ,&nbsp;Parth H. Karande ,&nbsp;Abhishek Agrawal ,&nbsp;Angad Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Pampa Ghosh ,&nbsp;Kanwer Singh Arora","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High Frequency Induction Welded (HFIW) sour API pipes have become a popular choice for use in sour service. Failure to completely expel weld oxides during seam welding may lead to failures in Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) tests. Weld failures in HIC tests of API X65 sour HFIW pipes made from two steel coils (A &amp; B) was investigated. Electron microscopy studies showed that the presence of entrapped weld oxides of length &lt; 10 μm and aspect ratio &gt; 6 along the bondline. After taking into consideration the effect of microstructure and texture, weld oxides were found to be the reason for HIC failure. The sequential alignment and the thin, elongated morphology of the oxides caused the propagation of HIC cracks along the weld bondline. Weld with narrower bondline of 28.91 μm was found to perform better in HIC and impact toughness tests (91 J energy at - 30 °C compared to 67.33 J for the weld having wider bondline of 42.47 μm). In some cases, HIC cracks were also observed in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) caused by inclusions present in the base steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 105516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new method for determining the threshold level of impact energy for reactor pressure vessel metal","authors":"S. Kotrechko ,&nbsp;K. Soroka ,&nbsp;V. Revka","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the results of validation of a novel approach for finding the threshold level of impact energy to estimate a ductile to brittle transition temperature for ferritic and ferritic-martensitic steels used for the manufacture of reactor pressure vessels (RPV). The idea of the proposed approach is that the value of the threshold level of impact energy is adjusted depending on the strength of the steel. The opportunity of increasing the threshold level of impact energy <em>KV</em>_<em>th</em> as the strength of RPV steels increases is validated. The <em>KV</em>_<em>th</em> correction technique is described using surveillance test data for Charpy impact and uniaxial tension tests. For highly embrittled RPV steels (transition temperature shift around 160 °C or more), the ASTM <span><span>E185</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> standard method is shown to clearly underestimate the radiation shift as compared to a physically based approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 105509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the design rules of hemispherical, torispherical, and ellipsoidal heads under external pressure","authors":"Zelin Jin ,&nbsp;Keming Li ,&nbsp;Xiao Guo ,&nbsp;Tao Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hemispherical, torispherical, and ellipsoidal heads are common parts of pressure vessels under external pressure. This paper compares the design rules in main standards including GB/T 150.3, GB/T 4732.3, ASME Ⅷ-1, ASME Ⅷ-2, ASME Code Case 2286-6 and EN 13445-3. The theoretical basis of design rules among these standards is presented while equations for calculating key parameters are compared. Torispherical and ellipsoidal heads are designed as hemispherical heads by equivalent methods. The buckling pressure difference between torispherical and ellipsoidal heads and corresponding equivalent hemispherical heads is compared by finite element eigenvalue buckling analysis. For most torispherical heads, the equivalent design method is conservative. For ellipsoidal heads, the equivalent design method adopted in EN 13445-3 is conservative. The Four-Center equivalent method is aggressive for thin heads but conservative for thick heads. Further, head thicknesses calculated according to different standards for six design cases are compared. The results indicate that EN 13445-3 is more economical for low design pressure, and GB/T 4732.3, ASME Ⅷ-2 and ASME Code Case 2286-6 are more economical for high design pressure. For moderate design pressure, the choice of the standard depends on the material, with GB/T 4732 being more economical for Q345R, GB/T 4732.3, ASME Ⅷ-2 and ASME Code Case 2286-6 for S30408 and ASME Ⅷ-2 for S22053. Meanwhile, the thicknesses calculated by ASME Ⅷ-1 are always the largest. This paper aims to comprehensively compare the design methods used by different standards and differences in their theoretical basis and to suggest the use of standards in engineering practice for designers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 105507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weld overlaying of corrosion-resistant filler metals on A516 G-70 carbon steel","authors":"Khalil Ranjbar,&nbsp;Kh Gheisari,&nbsp;W. Saleh Abood,&nbsp;Javid Naseri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the application of weld overlays on A516 G-70 steel using different filler metals, including ER 2594 super duplex stainless steel, ER 2209 duplex stainless steel, and ER 316L austenitic stainless steel. The aim of the overlaying process was to enhance the corrosion resistance and erosion performance of the base alloy. Pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding was employed as the overlaying technique. Detailed microstructural assessments were performed using optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy, supplemented by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The ratio of ferrite to austenite was evaluated through X-ray diffraction analysis and measurements using a ferrite scope. Results indicated that increasing the heat input reduced the ferrite phase in the ER 2594 and ER 2209 overlays. To assess corrosion behavior, Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests were carried out on both the substrate and the overlay materials. Among the overlays, ER 2594 produced under moderate heat input showed the best corrosion resistance, with a notably low corrosion current (i_corr = 6.6 nA/cm²) and higher impedance (Z) compared to other overlays. Furthermore, erosion performance was evaluated using a slurry test with water containing 5 wt% sand particles at a flow rate of 10 m/s, with an impact angle of 30°, and varying duration. The ER 2594 overlay proved substantially lower mass loss, indicating superior erosion resistance compared to both the base and other cladding alternatives. Based on the findings, the ER 2594 considered as the most suitable overlay filler for the A516 base material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 105514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}