{"title":"Broadband GaN Doherty Power Amplifier With Integrated Unequal Wilkinson and λ/4 Phase Network for Midband 5G","authors":"Tugba Haykir Ergin, Ismail Sisman","doi":"10.1155/mmce/8619355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/mmce/8619355","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents the design and implementation of a high-efficiency two-way Doherty power amplifier (DPA) for sub-6 GHz 5G New Radio (NR) applications, specifically targeting the n78 band (3.3–3.8 GHz). The proposed gallium nitride (GaN)-based DPA delivers a peak output power of 42.5 dBm, a gain of 13.3 dB, and a maximum power-added efficiency (PAE) of 83% at 3.5 GHz with <i>V</i><sub><i>D</i><i>D</i></sub> = 28 V under a 50-Ω matched load. Both amplifier branches employ CG2H40010F GaN HEMTs configured in Class AB (carrier) and Class C (peaking) modes to achieve efficient load modulation across the operating band. A key feature of the proposed design is an integrated input network based on an unequal Wilkinson power divider combined with a <i>λ</i>/4 phase-delay section, which is system-level optimized to provide appropriate power division, phase alignment, and impedance matching for Doherty operation without requiring additional hybrid couplers. This compact structure minimizes insertion loss, improves amplitude–phase balance, and enhances Doherty load modulation performance across the 3.3–3.8-GHz range. The DPA is implemented on a Rogers RO4003C substrate and incorporates <i>λ</i>/4 impedance inverters and a seventh-order postharmonic suppression network to achieve superior spectral purity, reducing harmonic components below −30 dBc. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations and experimental validations demonstrate strong agreement between measured and simulated results, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed architecture as a broadband, energy-efficient, and manufacturable solution for next-generation sub-6 GHz 5G base-station transmitters.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/mmce/8619355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Sadman Sakib Chowdhury Manjur, Muhammad Asad Rahman, Maodudul Hasan
{"title":"A High-Isolation Triband CPW-Fed MIMO Antenna With Wideband Performance for L-Band, Smart Home IoT, and Sub-6 GHz Wireless Systems","authors":"Md. Sadman Sakib Chowdhury Manjur, Muhammad Asad Rahman, Maodudul Hasan","doi":"10.1155/mmce/2526699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/mmce/2526699","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a tri-band CPW-fed two-element MIMO antenna designed for smart home Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The proposed antenna operates at 1.5, 2.4, and 5.8 GHz, with a wide upper-band response from 3.84 to 7.14 GHz, covering major IoT, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and sub-6 GHz wireless systems. The novelty of this work lies in the integrated antenna and compact decoupling design, which simultaneously achieves wideband operation, high isolation, and a small footprint. The antenna shows reflection coefficients better than −15 dB across all operating bands and interelement isolation below −28 dB, ensuring low mutual coupling. The design also provides low envelope correlation, a diversity gain close to 10 dB, and stable radiation characteristics. Measured and simulated results show good agreement. Owing to its compact size, strong isolation, and reliable MIMO performance, the proposed antenna is well-suited for next-generation smart home and IoT wireless devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/mmce/2526699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haitao He, Guijuan Zhao, Yunqiang Liu, Yifei Sun, Guipeng Liu
{"title":"A Dual-Frequency Wideband Inverse Class-F Power Amplifier Using SRFT Matching","authors":"Haitao He, Guijuan Zhao, Yunqiang Liu, Yifei Sun, Guipeng Liu","doi":"10.1155/mmce/5682618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/mmce/5682618","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper introduces a dual-frequency wideband inverse Class-F power amplifier (PA). This PA employs a dual-frequency biasing circuit to effectively prevent RF signals from entering the DC power supply. We combine the SRFT with the continuous inverse Class-F PA reactance space to design a wideband matching network. By moderately relaxing the third harmonic constraints in the low-frequency band to avoid spectrum conflicts, the proposed PA achieves high efficiency and wideband characteristics. After testing, the designed PA has a 57.4%–61.1% drain efficiency and 39.4–40.3 dBm output power in the 0.8–1.0 GHz range and a 58.5%–71.7% drain efficiency and 40.6–41.7 dBm output power in the 3.3–3.8 GHz range.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/mmce/5682618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel Compact Quad-Band HMSIW BPF and FPD With Low Loss and Tunable Passbands","authors":"Mostafa Danaeian","doi":"10.1155/mmce/3128857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/mmce/3128857","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work introduces a new quad-band bandpass filter (BPF) and filtering power divider (FPD) based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) technology and metamaterial concept. To achieve a high level of miniaturization, multiple design approaches are jointly employed, including HMSIW implementation, evanescent-mode operation, stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs), fractal geometries, and the meandered technique. Using the aforementioned design strategies, quad-band HMSIW BPF and quad-band HMSIW FPD with equal power-splitting characteristics were developed. These circuits operate at center frequencies of 1.75, 3.3, 4.5, and 5.2 GHz and were thoroughly validated through simulation, fabrication, and experimental measurement. The passband center frequencies are readily tunable through dimensional adjustments. Experimental results closely match the simulated responses. Moreover, the proposed structures occupy an extremely small footprint, with an overall size below <span></span><math></math>, clearly demonstrating the high level of miniaturization achieved. The proposed structures offer several notable benefits, including a highly compact footprint, low insertion loss, tunable passband characteristics, reduced manufacturing cost, straightforward integration with planar microwave circuits, acceptable return loss performance, and flexible tuning of the operating center frequencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/mmce/3128857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148089544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148086729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148074811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Experimental Validation of a Low-Cost Waveguide Circulator for S-Band Systems","authors":"Alejandro Trejo León, Fabiola Martínez Zúñiga, Jorge Roberto Sosa Pedroza","doi":"10.1155/mmce/5319510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/mmce/5319510","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and experimental validation of a three-port S-band waveguide circulator with nonstandard dimensions, implemented using commercially available aluminum tubes with internal dimensions close to WR-284. The device incorporates two Y-Gd ferrite disks polarized by permanent magnets and coaxial-to-waveguide probe-type transitions with rear short-circuit tuning. The transitions achieve |S11 | <−10 dB between 2.6 and 3.95 GHz, whereas the complete circulator assembly provides, at 3.1 GHz, |S11 | <−20 dB, an insertion loss of less than 1.8 dB, and an isolation between 17 and 30 dB. Continuous wave measurements at 10 W confirm stable operation at average power. The proposed approach demonstrates that nonstandard, low-cost waveguide structures can achieve performance comparable with conventional WR-284 circulators, offering a compact and cost-effective alternative for S-band RF systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/mmce/5319510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johan B. du Toit, Johan Joubert, Johann W. Odendaal
{"title":"Full-Wave Synthesis Technique for the Design of an Optimized 0.5–18 GHz 90° Hybrid Coupler","authors":"Johan B. du Toit, Johan Joubert, Johann W. Odendaal","doi":"10.1155/mmce/1531761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/mmce/1531761","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An optimization technique that can be used to design high performance, wideband 90° hybrid couplers is described. Optimization is performed not by using the traditional theoretical coupling factors, but rather by directly synthesizing the geometric dimensions of the hybrid in full-wave simulations. Simulated results thus include all secondary, nonideal transmission line and implementation effects, and can be optimized for the required equiripple results. The full-wave synthesis technique is explained in detail, and simulated results of a 2–18 GHz design with 0.5 dB magnitude imbalance improvement over any previous results are shown. It is also used to implement a unique 0.5–18 GHz 3 dB, 90° tandem hybrid, of which measurements are presented showing near optimally minimized magnitude imbalance of 1.47 dB, loss of less than 1.8 dB, and phase imbalance below 8°, over the complete ultrawideband bandwidth.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/mmce/1531761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eight-Element Antenna Array Based on a Triple Open-Loop Structure for 5G N41/N77/N79 Applications","authors":"Jianlin Huang, Lefei He, Xuanhe Wei, Lingrong Shen, Zhizhou Chen, Gui Liu","doi":"10.1155/mmce/6850853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/mmce/6850853","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents an eight-element antenna array designed for triple-band multi-input multi-output (MIMO) operation in fifth-generation (5G) mobile terminals. Each antenna element comprises a triple open-loop structure on a metal frame and fed by a customized feed element. The triple open-loop design not only significantly miniaturizes the radiator but also provides wide bandwidth. The dimensions of the proposed antenna array are approximately 8.2 × 7 mm, with a small ground clearance of 8.2 × 0.3 mm. It fully covers 5G New Radio (NR) bands N41 (2.496–2.690 GHz), N77 (3.3–4.2 GHz), and N79 (4.4–5.0 GHz) at the three resonance frequencies. Several critical parameters—including bandwidth, reflection coefficient, isolation, total radiation efficiency, and envelope correlation coefficient—have been studied. An antenna prototype was fabricated and measured; excellent agreement between simulation and experiment confirms that the triple open-loop array is well suited for 5G handsets demanding compact, triple-band MIMO antennas.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/mmce/6850853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147714882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}