International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Closed-form solution and reliability analysis of deep lined tunnel behavior in anisotropic viscoelastic rock","authors":"Nam-Hung Tran, Duc-Phi Do, Minh-Ngoc Vu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106242","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a combination effect of anisotropy and uncertainty on the behavior of deep tunnels excavated in the rheological rocks was studied. For this aim, a closed-form solution of deep tunnels in the anisotropic viscoelastic rock was developed in the first stage. Following that, using the well-known complex potential, the analytic solutions of stress and displacement solutions of both the liner and the anisotropic elastic surrounding rock were presented. Then based on the corresponding principle, the closed-form solution of the tunnel excavated in the anisotropic rheological rock characterized by the fractional Maxwell model was deduced. It was shown that the corresponding principle can be accurately applied using the Laplace transform or directly in time domain. The good agreement with finite element solution allows validating the developed solution. In the second stage, the Monte Carlo Simulation was performed, and probabilistic analysis highlighted the uncertainty effect of anisotropic viscoelastic rock parameters and initial stress state on the evolution in time of stress state in the liner. These numerical applications confirmed the essential role of anisotropy and uncertainty on the behavior of tunnel that must be considered on the liner design.","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"106242"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of multiscale interface roughness on shear behavior of backfill-rock specimen","authors":"Wenkai Ru, Diyuan Li, Zhenyu Han, Hao Gong, Jinyin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106239","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores how the multiscale morphological features of stope-surrounding rock influence the stability of backfill materials. A laboratory-scale rough interface was generated from morphological data and analysed using wavelet decomposition to extract its multiscale characteristics. Statistical analyses were conducted to quantify the correlation between interface roughness and scale under direct shear conditions. 3D carving technology was employed to construct a backfill-rock specimen containing the initial rough surface, which was subjected to direct shear tests. Additionally, a calibrated numerical model based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) was developed to simulate the shear behavior under varying conditions. The results indicated that the alteration in the scale of the rough surface did not influence its waviness. However, it modified the higher-order irregularities. Removing high-order unevenness reduced the roughness and effective contact area of the surface, leading to a decrease in both peak and residual shear stresses of the backfill-rock specimen. The reduction in shear stress corresponded to a reduction in the contact force of the shear force chain and a decrease in backfill attachment to the shear fracture surface. This study is the first to demonstrate the critical role of rough surface scale characteristics in determining the shear strength of backfill-rock interfaces. The findings provide valuable insights into the shear behavior of the backfill-surrounding rock interface in backfill mining, contributing to the long-term stability of the backfill.","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"97 1","pages":"106239"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic and static investigation of water-conducting fracture zone in weakly cemented strata of western China: Field-monitoring-based study","authors":"Dongding Li ,&nbsp;Wenping Li ,&nbsp;Jingzhong Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuru Yang ,&nbsp;Liangning Li ,&nbsp;Wei Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ecological environment of Western China is inherently delicate. Post-coal extraction, forming a water-conducting fracture zone (WCFZ), poses challenges for mine water management and exerts negative pressure on the ecological balance. The traditional methods for detecting WCFZ exhibit limited applicability in the Jurassic weakly cemented strata of the Hami mining area in Xinjiang, China, owing to their short diagenetic history, high clay content, and strong water sensitivity. This study proposes a dynamic-static integrated detection method for the development patterns of WCFZ in weakly cemented strata, combining Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR), borehole TV imaging, and borehole water injection testing. Field measurements were conducted to investigate the WCFZ evolution in weakly cemented strata in Xinjiang, while laboratory experiments were performed to analyze the self-healing characteristics of fractures under stress recovery and hydro-mechanical interactions. The results indicate that the WCFZ height in 11701 working face ranges from 144.16 to 152 m, exhibiting a \"rapid ascent followed by dynamic descent\" trend due to intense mining-induced disturbances. Validation through borehole television imaging, transient electromagnetic method, and borehole water injection test confirms the reliability of BOTDR for dynamic monitoring in weakly cemented strata. Laboratory experiments reveal that the time-dependent reduction of WCFZ height is governed by stress recovery and the swelling and detachment of clay minerals. This research provides critical references for real-time monitoring of WCFZ, water hazard prevention, and water-preserved coal mining in weakly cemented coal mining areas under similar conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 106221"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating shale reservoir fracability using triaxial hydraulic fracturing tests","authors":"Wuhao Guo ,&nbsp;Yintong Guo ,&nbsp;Xinao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Qin ,&nbsp;Guokai Zhao ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Chang ,&nbsp;Chunhe Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the well-developed bedding planes in the Gulong shale oil reservoir in China, the prediction accuracy of traditional fracability evaluation models is limited, and the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation is severely constrained. To address this issue and improve the accuracy of fracability prediction, this study conducted physical simulation tests of hydraulic fracturing in shale with multiple bedding planes and quantitatively characterized the parameters influencing fracture propagation. The key factors controlling both vertical and horizontal fracture extension were identified, and their weight coefficients were determined using the analytic hierarchy process. A comprehensive fracability evaluation model was developed, integrating both the formation environment and rock mechanical properties. The model was validated using actual well logging and production data from the Gulong shale oil reservoir. Results indicate that bedding plane characteristics significantly influence the final fracture morphology, the stress state governs fracture propagation direction, and injection parameters primarily enhance vertical fracture extension and bedding plane opening. The ranking of factor importance is as follows: bedding plane characteristics, stress difference, brittleness index, and rock strength. The model achieved a 62.5 % match between predicted fracability and actual production well contribution rates, representing a substantial improvement over traditional models. This study provides a scientific foundation for optimizing formation deployment and fracturing stage design in Gulong shale oil horizontal wells within the Daqing Songliao Basin, and offers technical support for the efficient development of unconventional reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 106223"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-guided multimodal deep learning reveals determinants of rock brittleness across scales","authors":"Qing Du ,&nbsp;Xiaoju Kuang ,&nbsp;Jiancheng Huang ,&nbsp;Jincheng Liang ,&nbsp;Danli Li ,&nbsp;Shijiao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a physics-guided multimodal deep learning method for predicting rock brittleness from integrated microstructural and compositional data. The multimodal framework was constructed by integrating scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. Vision Transformers were employed for microstructural image analysis, while specialized neural networks were designed for compositional data processing. Feature fusion was achieved through attention-based mechanisms to maintain physical interpretability. The multimodal approach significantly outperformed single-modality methods (R² = 0.995, RMSE = 0.065, MAE = 0.051). Feature correlation analysis was conducted to identify key determinants, revealing Si/Al ratio, quartz content, and porosity as primary controlling factors. Laboratory validation was performed using three representative rock types (granite, red sandstone, and green sandstone) through uniaxial compression tests. The model predictions showed excellent agreement with experimental brittleness indices, demonstrating superior discrimination capability with expanded dynamic range compared to traditional methods (B₁, B₂). Fragmentation analysis using mean particle size (dm) provided additional validation, confirming the trend that predicted brittleness increases as post-failure particle size decreases. Granite samples exhibited the highest brittleness (Bpred = 3.62–4.87) and finest fragmentation (dm = 16.8–19.5 mm), while green sandstone showed the lowest brittleness (Bpred = 0.74–0.95) and coarsest fragmentation (dm = 21.3–30.7 mm). The results demonstrate that the proposed multimodal deep learning framework effectively captures the complex relationships between microstructural features and rock brittleness, offering significant potential for accurate brittleness prediction and enhanced understanding of rock failure mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 106225"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermomechanical analysis of leak-off test in salt formations: Axisymmetric multilayer modeling for vertical wells","authors":"Themisson dos Santos Vasconcelos,&nbsp;João Paulo Lima Santos,&nbsp;Eduardo Toledo Lima Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of formation breakdown pressure during Leak-off Tests (LOTs) in pre-salt evaporite formations is hindered by the heterogeneous and viscoelastic nature of salt rocks, which conventional models often oversimplify. This study introduces an axisymmetric multilayer thermomechanical model to overcome these limitations, integrating viscoelastic creep, fluid injection dynamics, and fracture propagation (PKN, KGD, Penny-shaped models) through finite element analysis. Validated against field data from three pre-salt wells, the model achieves high precision, with the PKN model yielding errors of 0.23 %, 0.006 %, and 0.38 % in leak-off pressure predictions across diverse lithological scenarios. By capturing the interplay of thermal, mechanical, and hydraulic effects, this model enhances well design, casing strategies, and operational safety in pre-salt environments. The model is limited to vertical wells and does not account for salt dissolution, warranting further research for broader applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 106227"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of a large, low-porosity rock sample to hydromechanical loading","authors":"Pouyan Asem ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Detournay ,&nbsp;Vaughan Voller ,&nbsp;Joseph F. Labuz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A laboratory framework is developed for tracking infiltration and measuring hydromechanical parameters of a 150 × 150 × 250 mm³ confined specimen of Westerly granite. Many hydrogeological processes are initiated by fluid infiltration into dry rock, yet assessment of this phenomenon is rare because of the minuscule pore volume <em>V</em>_<em>p</em> (of order 0.1 mL) associated with typical laboratory-sized samples of low-porosity rock. We demonstrate that a single experimental design for measuring infiltration and saturation of a large (<em>V</em>_<em>p</em> of order 50 mL) specimen provides an array of reliable parameters for modeling critical hydrogeological processes and geophysical phenomena. Observing the sample fluid uptake indicates infiltration is modeled effectively by a sharp front separating fluid-infiltrated and dry regions. Additionally, by monitoring the fluid exchange during unjacketed loading, accurate values of the unjacketed pore <span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>''</mo></math></span> and bulk <em>K</em>_<em>s</em>′ moduli are obtained, and by using isotropic poroelasticity, the measured and predicted values of Skempton coefficients <em>B</em> are shown to be in good agreement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 106226"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rock-breaking characteristics and mechanisms of self-rotating self-excited oscillating water jets","authors":"Zhaolong Ge ,&nbsp;Xiangjie Liu ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhou ,&nbsp;Di Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydraulic drilling is an effective technique for the exploitation of deep unconventional oil and gas resources. Enhancing its rock-breaking efficiency and performance is critical for the broader application of this technology. In this study, a novel jet form, self-rotating self-excited oscillating multi-orifice water jets (SSOMWJ), is proposed to impart high-frequency oscillation characteristics to the jet. Comparative rock-breaking experiments were conducted to evaluate performance, with differences in rock-breaking results analyzed through impact force measurements and numerical simulations. The rock-breaking behavior and mechanisms of SSOMWJ were analyzed based on pressure characteristics at the target surface and Computed Tomography (CT) imaging. Results indicate that, compared with conventional self-rotating multi-orifice water jets (SMWJ), the SSOMWJ exhibits superior rock-breaking capabilities and borehole-forming performance. Specifically, rock-breaking volumes increased by 18.73 % and 10.89 %. While drillable depths increased by 75.43 % and 43.85 % at standoff distances of 10 mm and 20 mm, respectively. The SSOMWJ not only generates multiple water hammer pressures but also produces high-frequency stress waves with higher amplitudes during the stagnation pressure stage, in contrast to the SMWJ. The SSOMWJ can utilize these oscillating characteristics to deliver high-energy stress waves and utilize the interaction between the stress waves for improved rock fracturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 106222"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a Novel rigid block modelling approach for support design in underground mining, enabling new avenues for improved safety and efficiency","authors":"Thierry Lavoie ,&nbsp;Erik Eberhardt ,&nbsp;Véronique Boivin ,&nbsp;Paul Germain ,&nbsp;Jean-François Dorion","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Support systems are vital for worker safety and to minimize production delays due to collapse incidents or the need for rehabilitation. The purchase of support elements and their installation also represent a significant cost for the operational budget of any mine. However, current standard practices rely on empirical methods developed several decades ago or on simplified kinematic models of the rock mass and its interaction with the support system based on wedge analysis and key-block theory. Experience shows that these lack the robustness required for today's mining depths and safety needs. The advent of faster computer processors and new numerical modelling tools allows us to move away from these over-simplified methodologies and embrace new approaches that can more accurately simulate the failure mechanisms encountered and interactions between the rock mass and the support elements. A new methodology using the 3D distinct-element modelling software PFC3D, combined with DFN simulations, was developed to evaluate support system strategies at the Raglan Mine. The joint strength properties were calibrated against overbreak data from lidar scans. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of the Rigid Block Modelling-DFN approach in simulating complex failure mechanisms in a gravitational stress environment. It provided valuable insights into the trade-offs between using PM12 and rebar #7 for supporting the backs of drifts, as well as determining the optimal timing for installing secondary long supports at intersections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 106220"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoscopic damage enhancement in granite under cyclic liquid nitrogen shocks characterized by computed tomography and texture analysis","authors":"Yi Xue ,&nbsp;Xue Li ,&nbsp;Linchao Wang ,&nbsp;Yong Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoshan Cao ,&nbsp;Yun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the internal damage of granite induced by liquid nitrogen (LN₂) cold shock using X-ray computed tomography (CT) technology. Traditional threshold segmentation methods are subjective and may obscure subtle grayscale variations. In contrast, the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), based on second-order statistical measures of grayscale values, quantifies texture features and captures comprehensive fracture information. Uniaxial compression tests were performed on granite samples subjected to cyclic heating and LN₂ treatment, followed by X-ray CT scanning. Image processing techniques and GLCM were employed to extract key features from CT images. Statistical analysis was conducted to quantify the cracks and micro-damages in granite induced by LN₂ cold shock. The results demonstrate that cyclic LN₂ treatment significantly exacerbates cracking in granite, leading to an increase in the number of fracture nodes, thereby intensifying micro-damage. As the number of LN₂ cycles increases, the contrast value typically rises, while the energy and homogeneity values continuously decrease. The correlation values show fluctuating changes, gradually declining. Additionally, as the number of cycles increases, the range of high-frequency feature parameters gradually expands. Parameters associated with the Gaussian main peak steadily increase, and the texture distribution in the CT images becomes increasingly irregular. This work offers a framework for non-destructive quantification of cryogenic-induced rock damage by integrating X-ray CT imaging with GLCM-based texture analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 106217"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}