Journal of Applied Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Villa del Casale Piazza Armerina (EN): New data related to geophysical investigations","authors":"Isabella Baldini ,&nbsp;Carla Sfameni ,&nbsp;Lara De Giorgi ,&nbsp;Dora Francesca Barbolla ,&nbsp;Ivan Ferrari ,&nbsp;Francesco Giuri ,&nbsp;Chiara Torre ,&nbsp;Giovanni Leucci","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Roman Villa at Piazza Armerina, which has been on the UNESCO list of sites since 1997, is an exceptional example of a prestigious residence from the Late Antiquity period.</p><p>Most of the area around the villa has not yet been explored and it is thought there are structures linked to the layout of the villa itself and subsequent modifications from the medieval era.</p><p>With these assumptions and to plan an excavations campaign in the area close to the villa's warehouses geophysical surveys were undertaken in the summer of 2022 and 2023.</p><p>Ground penetrating radar, magnetometry (in gradiometric configuration), and inductive electromagnetometry geophysical methods were used. These different methods were taken into consideration depending on the more or less conductive subsoil matrix. Results show the presence of several structures of archaeological interest.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superiority verification of the non-local theory in predicting solute transport behaviour in natural porous media: NaCl tracer experiments in the silica sand and zeolite columns","authors":"Shabnam Hasani ,&nbsp;Faramarz Doulati Ardejani ,&nbsp;Mansour Ziaii","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Here, we investigate transport behaviour through two types of media, silica sand and zeolite, using tracer column experiments and numerical methods. Tracer experiments with sodium chloride (NaCl) were conducted in saturated packed columns with embedded current and potential electrodes to measure co-located bulk electrical conductivity (<span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>b</mi></msub></math></span>) and fluid electrical conductivity (<span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math></span>) to characterise dual-domain mass transfer (DDMT). Unexpectedly, the silica sand experiments show a hysteretic relationship between co-located <span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>b</mi></msub></math></span>. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis results showed that the observed hysteresis could be due to the presence of aggregated particles. NaCl tracer experiments in the zeolite column confirmed that the intragranular porosity serves as an immobile domain to store solute, resulting in heavy-tailed breakthrough curves (BTCs) and hysteresis between co-located <span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>b</mi></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math></span>. The root mean square error (RMSE) between the experimental and simulated <span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math></span> revealed that the single-rate dual-domain mass transfer (DDMT) model captures the NaCl BTCs much better than the advection-dispersion equation (ADE). Based on a Monte Carlo analysis, the obtained single-rate DDMT parameters were velocity-dependent in such a way that the estimated first-order mass transfer rate coefficient (<span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>) increased with an increase in flow rate. The findings of this research confirm the superiority of the non-Fickian theory over the classical model in understanding solute transport in natural porous media. The results also illustrate that in addition to the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, which leads to the non-Fickian transport, the flow velocity plays an important role in physical solute transport parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141596486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The “Annunziata” Garden in Cammarata (Sicily): Results of integrated geophysical investigations and first archaeological survey","authors":"Raffaele Martorana ,&nbsp;Patrizia Capizzi ,&nbsp;Calogero Giambrone ,&nbsp;Lisa Simonello ,&nbsp;Mattia Mapelli ,&nbsp;Alessandra Carollo ,&nbsp;Valeria Genco","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A multi-method geophysical investigation was carried out in the context of a recovery project for the “Annunziata” Garden located in the town of Cammarata (Sicily), near to the homonymous church (Chiesa dell'Annunziata). In this area, according to the scarce historical sources, there was a Benedictine convent, probably demolished in the 18th century, but the area was probably inhabited even in earlier periods. Preliminarily, a series of 2D electrical resistivity tomographies (2D-ERT) were carried out approximately parallel to each other, some of which highlighted resistivity anomalies that could be attributed to buried archaeological structures. Consequently, in a smaller area where these anomalies were evident, a 3D electrical resistivity tomography (3D-ERT) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) parallel profiles were carried out aimed at a detailed 3D reconstruction of the subsoil. Despite the unclear correspondence between the 3D-ERT inverse model and the GPR one, the 3D ERT confirmed the anomalies found with the previous 2D-ERT surveys, better defining its contours and geometries. The geophysical reconstructions served to indicate to the archaeologists the most promising areas for excavation tests that were carried out subsequently and confirmed the presence of archaeological structures, such as defensive walls whose origin and dating are still the subject of further archaeological studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital preservation and archaeoastronomical insights: 3D digitization of megalithic heritage in the Maltese Archipelago","authors":"D. Tanasi ,&nbsp;K. Stroud ,&nbsp;D. Cardona ,&nbsp;D. Calderone ,&nbsp;P. Trapani ,&nbsp;F. Pirone","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents the integration of advanced 3D digitization and visualization technologies in the study and preservation of prehistoric megalithic heritage sites in the Mediterranean. We focus on the digital documentation and analysis of the Borġ in-Nadur megalithic complex and other notable sites, employing a combination of terrestrial laser scanning, aerial and terrestrial digital photogrammetry. The research highlights how digital tools not only enhance the precision of archaeological documentation but also promote virtual accessibility and offer new insights into the archeoastronomical significance of these structures. We discuss the production of high-resolution digital replicas, their utility in virtual reconstructions, and the role of digital platforms in public engagement and scholarly study. The findings underscore the potential of digital technologies to revolutionize heritage conservation and research, providing a comprehensive digital approach to the safeguarding and understanding of our ancient heritage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping agricultural soil water content using multi-feature ensemble learning of GPR data","authors":"Haoqiu Zhou ,&nbsp;Qi Lu ,&nbsp;Zejun Dong ,&nbsp;Zhaofa Zeng ,&nbsp;Risheng Li ,&nbsp;Longfei Xia ,&nbsp;Kexin Liu ,&nbsp;Minghe Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil water content (SWC) is significant for understanding and evaluating the conditions of soils and plants. Since traditional methods such as time domain reflectometry (TDR) and neutron probes have significant drawbacks such as limitations in spatial resolution, detection depth, efficiency, and non-destruction, ground penetrating radar (GPR) has become a potential method in SWC estimation. Many features extracted from GPR data in the time and frequency domain have been proven to be sensitive to the SWC and can further achieve the estimation of it. However, the methods based on these features are easy to be interfered with by noise and the heterogeneity in soils. This article aims to solve this problem by including more features and integrating these features for a joint estimation. Firstly, we study the relationships between SWC and seven features extracted from GPR data. Consequently, we propose to include new features, i.e. the loss tangent feature and the time-frequency features, in the SWC inversion. Secondly, we achieve the multi-feature ensemble learning based on the Adaboost R. method, which largely enhances the accuracy of SWC inversions compared to the single-feature estimations. During the numerical test, we establish the stochastic medium to model the heterogeneity in the real soil. The test verifies the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed method. Finally, a field experiment is performed on the transition zone of no-tillage and deep-ploughing croplands. A 2-D SWC map is obtained which distinctly presents the SWC difference between the two regions. Our study provides a new approach to improve the accuracy of SWC estimation using GPR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative time-depth conversion for the management of buried scenarios with strong discontinuities","authors":"Raffaele Persico ,&nbsp;Gianfranco Morelli ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Esposito ,&nbsp;Ilaria Catapano ,&nbsp;Luigi Capozzoli ,&nbsp;Gregory De Martino ,&nbsp;Ding Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a time-depth conversion accounting for discontinuities of the investigated buried scenario, which reverse in discontinuities of the propagation velocity of the waves. The focus is on the imaging of cavities in the framework of GPR prospecting. We show that a time-depth conversion accounting for the different propagation velocity of the waves in the cavity and in the surrounding soil can significantly improve the imaging in an easy way. Both simulated and experimental results will be proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141435127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrode structural effects on the mechanism of high-voltage pulse rock breaking","authors":"Xiaohua Zhu ,&nbsp;Wuji Tang ,&nbsp;Weiji Liu ,&nbsp;Ling He ,&nbsp;Youjian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the oil drilling process, drilling costs account for more than 50% of total E&amp;P costs. High-voltage electric pulse rock breaking is an economical and effective rock-breaking method that has received widespread attention. At present, there is not much research on the influence of the shape of the electrode tip on high-voltage pulse rock breaking. This paper establishes a system of equations that control the electric breakdown field based on the changes in the electric field inside the rock. Then, using this model, we conducted simulation and laboratory experiments to understand how rocks break under different conditions, such as load voltages, electrode spacing, and electrode tip shapes. The results show that the volume of broken rock is directly related to the loading voltage. The best loading voltage range is between 200 and 220 kV. Increasing the spacing between electrodes helps break more rock, but if the electrode spacing is too large, it's hard to make a hole in the rock, and the rock won't break. An electrode spacing of around 35 mm is the best. The shape of different electrode tips directly affects the high-voltage pulse breaking effect. Hemispherical electrode tips are less favorable for rock breaking, while oval electrode tips are the best. The laboratory experiments and simulations give the same conclusions and verify the applicability and correctness of our model. This study aims to help design high-voltage electric pulse devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141429019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of reverse time migration dip gathers with the stabilized Poynting vector and their application in the improvement of subsalt images","authors":"Kai Yang ,&nbsp;Feng Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhengwei Li ,&nbsp;Jincheng Xu ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Subsalt imaging is challenging with coherent noise prevalent beneath complex salt structures. The coherent noise degrades the imaging quality, making image enhancement and interpretation difficult and potentially erroneous. The dip gathers of reverse time migration (RTM) serve as an ideal domain for separating signals from coherent noise due to their distinct distributions in the dip domain. Methods utilizing the Poynting vector offer an efficient and cost-effective means to produce dip gathers. However, the presence of zero points in the Poynting vector causes instabilities in direction or angle estimation, leading to the leakage of reflection energy into false dip angles. This issue complicates the separation of desired signals from coherent noise. We address this instability by employing a stabilized Poynting vector to produce high-quality RTM dip gathers. The stabilized Poynting vector does not contain zero points within the range of wave propagation, thus mitigating the instability problem. The dip gathers generated using the stabilized Poynting vector provide a clearer and more precise depiction of signal and noise distributions, allowing us to identify the boundaries of desired signals and mute all noise outside these boundaries. Two numerical examples with a synthetic dataset and a field dataset are used to demonstrate our method's effectiveness in reducing coherent noise and improving quality of subsalt images.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141399868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoelectrical characterization of non-filled active faults in Jaral de Berrios, Guanajuato, México","authors":"Fabián Esteban Monge-Cerda,&nbsp;Omar Delgado-Rodríguez,&nbsp;José Alfredo Ramos-Leal,&nbsp;Lorena Elisa Sánchez-Higueredo","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electromagnetic and electrical methods have a great number of applications and have become a commonly used tool for the study of active geological faults, where they are usually detected as low resistivity anomalies. However, this is not always the case. We used both Electromagnetic Profiling (EMP) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) methods with the aim of mapping active geological faults which affect agricultural plots and a former quarry near the town of Jaral de Berrios, State of Guanajuato. The apparent resistivity map derived from EMP survey shows how NW-SE on site measured faults (which reach at least 400 m in length and 0.4 m in width) match with high apparent resistivity anomalies. Two ERT profiles reveal the subsurface continuity of the main fault zones, as well as the main high apparent resistivity lineaments, for at least 40 m below the surface. The resistive lineaments in the apparent resistivity map showed a coincidence with the faults modeled in the geoelectric section of the ERT1 profile; this result gives reliability to the methodology used in the study site. All of this means that faulting presently evident on the surface continues at depth and has a wider extension than previously thought, and that since the fractures are non-filled with minerals and/or moisture the preponderance of high resistivity anomalies make sense. The results of this work provide the basis for future studies that help in determining the type of faulting affecting our study area, so long term urban planning and development in the area may be possible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141400534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processing and joint interpretation of multi-resolution marine seismic datasets","authors":"Aslıhan Nasıf","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In contemporary marine seismic exploration, conventional 2D and 3D seismic surveys are fundamental methods for hydrocarbon prospecting. However, in marine geo-engineering studies, especially for geo-hazard analysis, single-channel and high-resolution seismic systems such as sparker or Chirp sub-bottom profiler surveys are employed. The complementary use of multi-resolution seismic systems provides extra information in the interpretation of seismic data especially from shallow waters.</p><p>While the processing of single and multi-channel multi-resolution seismic data is of similarities in various aspects (e.g., band-pass filtering, gain application, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio enhancement, post-stack migration procedures, etc.), specific processes are also required due to certain characteristics of Chirp and sparker data. Among these is the inability to apply stacking to single-channel seismic data, leading to challenges in increasing the S/N ratio. Additionally, obtaining subsurface velocity distribution from single-channel seismic data is not possible, causing difficulties in processes requiring velocity information, such as migration. The first challenge has been addressed for Chirp and sparker data through the application of trimmed trace-mix and f-x deconvolution. The issue of unavailability of velocity information has been resolved by utilizing 2D velocity information obtained from multi-channel seismic data during the migration process.</p><p>In this study, multi-channel seismic (MCS), sparker, and Chirp sub-bottom profiler data have been collectively processed and interpreted. While MCS data reveals deep structural and stratigraphic architecture, the effects of these structures in shallow sub-surface have been investigated through the analysis of single-channel high-resolution seismic data. This approach has provided advantages, particularly in the analysis of small-scale anomalous structures in shallow sediments, such as gas chimneys and diapirs as well as in determining their connection with deep stratigraphy. Furthermore, the recent activity of faults observed in the MCS data, whether they extend to the seafloor, has been more accurately delineated through the joint analysis of MCS and single-channel high-resolution seismic data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141403288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}