Electrical resistivity monitoring of CO2 injection at the Mont Terri underground laboratory, Switzerland

IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Andrea Balza-Morales , Melchior Grab , Antonio Pio Rinaldi , Alba Zappone , Hansruedi Maurer , Florian M. Wagner
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Monitoring CO2 injection in the subsurface using geophysical methods, particularly in caprocks or hard rock, presents unique challenges. These challenges arise due to the lower porosity and permeability in hard rock settings, which result in limited and complex pathways for fluid movement. The Mont Terri underground rock laboratory in Switzerland provides the opportunity to evaluate different geophysical measurements in boreholes to monitor a CO2 injection near a known fault zone. The motivation of the experiment presented in this study, along with its continuation in the Carbon Sequestration series D and E (CS-D and CS-E) is to assess the integrity of a fault zone within a caprock-like formation (such as Opalinus Clay) during long-term leakage experiment. Time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements were conducted during the steady-state injection period. In this work we present an ERT study using synthetic data to predict the effects of both the conductive fault zone and the injected fluid mixture at a single time step, while also analyzing the temporal evolution of the synthetic study. The synthetic results show a similar apparent resistivity distribution to that observed in the field data. The analysis then progressed to real field data, where various electrode configurations were tested, requiring meticulous assessment of data quality during processing. This study highlights the importance of using appropriate error estimation techniques, such as a reciprocal error model, to characterize the spatial and temporal behavior of measurement errors across different configurations. Three-dimensional time-lapse inversion results play a crucial role in deciphering the fluid interaction between the injected CO2, the properties of the host rock, and the presence of the main fault zone within the experiment. Our findings indicate that the fracture network within the host rock is intricate, exhibiting changes in resistivity during injection around the main fault zone. These insights not only complement other findings within the CS-D and CS-E experiments, but also showcase the utility of ERT measurements in CO2 monitoring within other hard rock settings.
瑞士蒙特特里地下实验室二氧化碳注入的电阻率监测
利用地球物理方法监测地下的二氧化碳注入,特别是在盖层或坚硬岩石中,面临着独特的挑战。这些挑战是由于硬岩环境中孔隙度和渗透率较低,导致流体运动路径有限且复杂。瑞士蒙特特里地下岩石实验室提供了评估钻孔中不同地球物理测量的机会,以监测已知断裂带附近的二氧化碳注入。本研究及其在碳封存系列D和E (CS-D和CS-E)中的延续实验的动机是在长期泄漏实验中评估类盖层地层(如蛋白石粘土)内断裂带的完整性。在稳态注入期间进行了延时电阻率层析成像(ERT)测量。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个ERT研究,使用合成数据来预测导电断裂带和注入流体混合物在单个时间步长的影响,同时还分析了合成研究的时间演变。综合计算结果与实测资料的视电阻率分布相似。然后分析进一步到实际的现场数据,其中测试了各种电极配置,在处理过程中需要对数据质量进行细致的评估。本研究强调了使用适当的误差估计技术(如倒数误差模型)来表征不同配置测量误差的时空行为的重要性。三维时移反演结果对于破译实验中注入CO2、寄主岩石性质和主断裂带存在之间的流体相互作用具有至关重要的作用。研究结果表明,储集岩内的裂缝网络复杂,在主断裂带附近的注入过程中,其电阻率会发生变化。这些见解不仅补充了CS-D和CS-E实验中的其他发现,而且还展示了ERT测量在其他硬岩环境中CO2监测的实用性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Applied Geophysics
Journal of Applied Geophysics 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
10.00%
发文量
274
审稿时长
4 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Applied Geophysics with its key objective of responding to pertinent and timely needs, places particular emphasis on methodological developments and innovative applications of geophysical techniques for addressing environmental, engineering, and hydrological problems. Related topical research in exploration geophysics and in soil and rock physics is also covered by the Journal of Applied Geophysics.
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