Journal of Applied Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"ConSeisDiff: A conditional diffusion approach to mitigate synthetic-real disparities in seismic fault detection","authors":"Isack Farady ,&nbsp;Chia-Chen Kuo ,&nbsp;Soufiene Sellami ,&nbsp;Chih-Yang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic fault detection is a critical task in geophysical exploration, demanding accuracy and efficiency in interpreting subsurface structures. While manual interpretation requires significant resources, deep learning models have become invaluable in automating the process of fault detection. However, the availability of labeled seismic fault data remains extremely limited, which pushes researchers to rely on synthetic images. In this work, we introduce ConSeisDiff (Conditional Seismic Diffusion) network, a novel conditional denoising diffusion model designed to generate synthetic seismic data for fault detection. Unlike traditional methods that rely on simplistic and conventional fault generation approaches, ConSeisDiff generates 2D seismic images by conditioning on fault layer attributes and facies maps. A key finding of our model is the introduction of a seismic conditional encoder, which incorporates seismic layer information extracted from the Canny edge algorithm, thereby enhancing the model’s ability to capture complex geological layers and structures. ConSeisDiff leverages a dual-path encoder–decoder architecture, combining residual blocks with transformer-based attention mechanisms to capture both local and global seismic features. We evaluate ConSeisDiff using several metrics, including MSE, PSNR, DSSIM, and FID, demonstrating that it outperforms state-of-the-art generative models in terms of fidelity and structural quality. Furthermore, we show that models trained on synthetic data generated by ConSeisDiff achieve performance comparable to those trained on real seismic data, effectively bridging the gap between synthetic and real-world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized ant tracking algorithm for fault and fracture detection: A case study from a southern Iran oilfield","authors":"Asma Nosrati,&nbsp;Fatemeh Mesbahi,&nbsp;Ali Kadkhodaie,&nbsp;Mohammad Hasanpour Sedghi","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Faults and fractures are crucial geological structures in hydrocarbon exploration, influencing fluid flow, hydrocarbon accumulation and reservoir dynamics. The current study focuses on identifying faults and fractures in both vertical and horizontal seismic sections of a southern Iran oilfield. By enhancing exploration strategies and resource discovery through the optimized application of the ant-tracking technique, this research utilizes Three-dimensional seismic data and cross sections to interpret faults and fractures. In this study, an optimized ant-tracking algorithm was applied, in which variance and smoothing attributes were integrated with the standard ant-tracking approach. By incorporating these seismic attributes, fault locations and geometries were determined with greater clarity, noise was reduced, and spurious trends were eliminated. This optimization enhanced fault visibility and continuity, thereby allowing a more accurate detection and interpretation of fault and fracture networks. Analyzing the dip and azimuth of sedimentary layers revealed a salt dome in the oilfield. At the dome's crest, major NW-SE trending normal faults form a graben structure. Additionally, minor NW-SE normal faults and related steep conjugate fractures were identified using the optimized ant-tracking algorithm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3-D numerical study on cross-hole monitoring of hydraulic fractures in vertical steel-cased wells","authors":"Shi-wei Wu ,&nbsp;De-jun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrical and electromagnetic methods are increasingly used in environments containing steel infrastructure and are reliable tools for imaging and monitoring hydraulic fracture zones and other subsurface targets. However, despite the potential of these methods, accurately monitoring fracture zones in steel-cased boreholes remains challenging due to interference from ambient noise and the complexity of the geological environment. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes a novel cross-hole measurement technique specifically developed for diagnosing hydraulic fracture zones in vertical steel-cased boreholes. First, we derive the finite element formulation for numerical computation and develop a three-dimensional (3D) finite element algorithm specifically tailored to model fractured formations. Second, we perform a quantitative analysis of the fracture zone response characteristics under varying parameters using the cross-hole measurement technique. Finally, we conduct a multi-stage fracturing analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method under complex subsurface conditions. Numerical results demonstrate that the measurement signals are highly sensitive to both fracture size and conductivity. Additionally, monitoring wells positioned closer to the direction of fracture zone propagation yield higher signal amplitudes. Furthermore, the proposed approach proves to be highly effective, even in multi-stage fracturing scenarios. This study demonstrates that the cross-hole measurement technique is a robust method for dynamically monitoring hydraulic fracturing in steel-cased boreholes and holds significant potential for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic bulk density measurements of fine-grained sediments with different particle sizes distributions","authors":"Yuyang Shao ,&nbsp;Tianyu Li ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jerome P.-Y. Maa","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bulk density of consolidated sediments serves as a pivotal indicator for evaluating sediment performance. Utilizing acoustic measurement, a non-intrusive method, enables density measurements without disrupting the consolidated structure, yielding a dry bulk density that closely approximates the ideal experimental state compared to traditional invasive methods. However, ultrasonic density measurement under conditions of complex particle size variations remains challenging. In this study, an improved non-intrusive ultrasonic densitometer was developed and employed to determine the bulk density of channel silting sediment with three different particle sizes and clay-silt compositions. A comparative analysis of ultrasonic density calibration curves for different media was conducted, revealing trends. Additionally, during the calibration process for different media, approximate regularities were identified in the calibration curves, all of which were linked to the calibration results obtained with tap water. This study further underscores the necessity for calibration of the ultrasonic device to ensure accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105959"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constant-Q model can reproduce the frequency-dependent dispersion of GPR signals in sedimentary rocks","authors":"Edilson B. Santos ,&nbsp;Renato R.S. Dantas ,&nbsp;Milton M. Xavier Jr. ,&nbsp;Walter E. Medeiros ,&nbsp;Flávio L. Santana ,&nbsp;Marcio A. Correa","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We measured the complex dielectric permittivities of sandstone and carbonate samples from the Rio do Peixe and Potiguar basins, respectively, in the frequency range of 50-800 MHz, which is the relevant frequency content of a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) signal measured with a 200 MHz antenna. The sandstone samples can be clean or affected by deformation bands, whilst the carbonate samples might be impacted by dissolution or stylolite formation processes. We show that the measured amplitude spectra of the dielectric permittivities can be fitted with the Jonscher power-law model. In addition, we investigate the reliability of the constant-Q model to reproduce the dispersion effects on a synthetic Ricker GPR signal propagated in dispersive media described by the obtained Jonscher model parameters. We show that a constant-Q model can satisfactorily describe the dispersion effect in the case the equivalent constant Q values are chosen in order to reproduce the centroid frequency shift and the time-domain shape of the pulse. As part of our approach, we show how to estimate a window of propagation distances inside which the equivalent <span><math><mi>Q</mi></math></span> estimate is valid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105945"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the response mechanism characteristics of fault activation under the mining effect of thick coal seam","authors":"Song Yang (杨松) ,&nbsp;Junguang Wang (王俊光) ,&nbsp;Jie Chen (陈杰) ,&nbsp;Bing Liang (梁冰) ,&nbsp;Lingran Ren (任凌冉) ,&nbsp;Tianyu Xin (辛天宇)","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the problem of fault activation instability induced by deep thick coal seam mining, taking 8404 working face of Madaotou Coal Mine in Datong Coalfield as the engineering background, the response mechanism of fault activation and crack evolution law under mining stress are revealed by using similar material simulation test and continuous-discrete coupling numerical simulation method. The results show that the risk of fault activation during thick coal seam mining significantly increases with a higher stress concentration coefficient, greater burial depth, and closer proximity of the working face to the fault. The smaller the fault dip angle, the higher the activation probability of the normal fault. Under mining conditions, the fault displacement exhibits progressive expansion, with a maximum displacement of 15.9 mm. The density of acoustic emission events increases in synchrony with the displacement rate. The fault activation process can be divided into three stages: distal response, local slip, and overall instability. The crack type in the fault zone changes from far-field tensile failure to near-field shear failure. The lower part of the fault is dominated by shear stress, and the amount of slip is significantly greater than that in the upper part. When the working face is located in the footwall of the fault, the lower part of the fault is most affected by mining. These research findings provide a theoretical basis for early disaster warning and prevention of fault activation during deep, thick coal seam mining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-driven velocity–resistivity modeling: A novel explicit framework for near-surface characterization","authors":"Adedibu Sunny Akingboye ,&nbsp;Andy Anderson Bery ,&nbsp;Hui Tang ,&nbsp;Ayokunle Olalekan Ige ,&nbsp;Joseph Gnapragasan ,&nbsp;Mbuotidem David Dick","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of machine learning (ML) in geophysical investigations has become pivotal for resolving near-surface complexities, particularly in terrains with complex lithological heterogeneity. This study aims to develop and validate a novel ML-driven framework for jointly modeling seismic P-wave velocity (Vp) and resistivity relationships to improve subsurface characterization in tropical granitic terrains. Using collocated data from seismic refraction tomography (SRT) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys across the South Penang Pluton, Malaysia, the method addresses traditional integration challenges by applying contour-based mesh interpolation to generate a densely aligned dataset—reducing manual bias, increasing data volume fivefold, and enhancing nonlinear predictive performance. Stratified binning ensured balanced lithological representation across training, validation, and test sets. Six ML models—simple linear regression (SLR), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), gradient boost (GB), and artificial neural network (ANN)—were trained to predict Vp from resistivity. All models showed high predictive reliability (R² = 0.819–0.984, RMSE = 0.029–0.09, F1 = 0.878–0.910), outperforming previous regression-based approaches in the study area. ANN achieved the best performance, followed by SVM, both maintaining stability across all partitions. The framework integrates k-means clustering with internal validation and ML-predicted Vp–resistivity profiles to automate lithological classification into four distinct subsurface units. This integrated approach improves geophysical boundary resolution, preserves structural fidelity in zones of rapid geological transition, and enables scalable deployment in tropical weathered terrains where SRT coverage is often constrained. Ultimately, it advances geophysical site modeling from deterministic to data-driven prediction, offering cost-effective, transferable solutions for geotechnical, hydrogeological, and hazard-related applications in geologically complex settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105955"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-domain mamba for seismic random noise suppression","authors":"Hongsheng Chen,&nbsp;Jun Wang,&nbsp;Baodi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noise suppression in seismic exploration is pivotal for recovering effective signals from noise-contaminated data. While mainstream deep-learning paradigms like convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Transformers have demonstrated notable success in seismic denoising, their limitations remain pronounced. Specifically, CNNs prioritize local feature extraction at the expense of global context modeling, whereas Transformers suffer from quadratic computational complexity despite their superior global representation capacity. To address these limitations, we introduce Mamba, an emerging selective structured state space model (SSM), for seismic noise suppression. Mamba achieves efficient long-range dependency modeling with linear computational complexity, positioning it as a formidable competitor to Transformers. However, standard Mamba implementations face two key challenges in seismic applications: 1) requirement for substantial hidden states to memorize long-range dependency, inducing channel redundancy and impairing critical channel representation learning; and 2) neglect of frequency-domain characteristics essential for distinguishing noise from seismic signals. To address these challenges, we propose DDMamba, a dual-domain Mamba architecture synergistically unifying frequency-domain analysis with selective state space modeling. Specifically, we design a frequency-augmented state space module (FSSM) that harmonizes local-global perception via fast Fourier convolution (FFC) with Mamba's selective scanning mechanism, enabling joint frequency-spatial feature refinement. Additionally, we introduce a critical channel fusion module (CCFM) employing a multi-branch residual structure with channel attention and FFC to mitigate redundancy and enhance critical feature propagation. Synthetic and field experiments demonstrate DDMamba's superior denoising performance, with ablation studies validating the effectiveness of each proposed component.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic inversion approaches for reservoir characterization: A comprehensive review","authors":"Sirous Hosseinzadeh ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Saberi ,&nbsp;Manouchehr Haghighi ,&nbsp;Alireza Salmachi ,&nbsp;Saeed Salimzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic inversion is a pivotal technique in reservoir characterization, enabling the transformation of seismic reflection data into quantitative rock properties to elucidate subsurface characteristics. In this paper, we reviewed various inversion methods such as post-stack seismic inversion approaches (e.g., band-limited, coloured, sparse spike, and model-based inversion) and pre-stack seismic inversion approaches (e.g., amplitude versus offset (AVO), elastic impedance, and simultaneous inversion), as well as full-waveform inversion (FWI) and machine learning-based (e.g., convolutional neural network (CNN)) methods. Furthermore, we reviewed different approaches of inverse rock physics modelling for the purpose of converting layer elastic properties into layer reservoir properties. Our work offers a good opportunity to compare different inversion methods for further application on a given dataset and geology conditions. We observe that despite the current advancements in seismic inversion, still significant challenges remain, including computational demands, integration of multi-source data, and uncertainty quantification. Therefore, we discussed different challenges in more details in addition to a comprehensive review and discussion on the state-of-the-art seismic inversion techniques by emphasizing on their methodologies, advantages and disadvantages. Then, we highlighted the role of uncertainty quantification, with a focus on the Bayesian inversion and the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) to enhance the reliability and robustness of the seismic inversion results. Furthermore, we explore future directions, particularly the integration of machine learning to improve seismic reservoir characterization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency selection method and resistivity measurements for understanding groundwater in arid regions: Case study of the El Carrizal aquifer, Baja California Sur, Mexico","authors":"R. Ortega ,&nbsp;D. Carciumaru ,&nbsp;A.D. Cazares-Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evaluation of small aquifers in arid regions, like those located in Baja California Sur, Mexico, poses challenges due to limited data on bedrock and inadequate depth coverage from traditional geophysical methods. In many of these regions, there is a lack of deep-drilling data related to bedrock, which could be utilized for interpreting the aquifer's geometry. Additionally, geophysical electric methods such as vertical electric soundings (VES) do not provide adequate depth coverage. The method measuring the potential difference using the Frequency Selector Method (FSM) detector holds great potential in determining the aquifer geometry, however, caution should be taken when we want to analyze the results if the method is not completely understood. The FSM method relies on an instrument that independently selects low audible-range frequencies, plotting them one by one in a horizontal graphical form. This produces a rapid qualitative profile of lateral resistivity changes. Combined with point-based methods, FSM offers a low-cost alternative to complex techniques, with minimal time investment. Its mathematical principles can be interpreted both statically and dynamically. Here, we highlight the efficacy of this methods in understanding aquifer geometry, even in scenarios where the precise location of groundwater is challenging. We present results of a study case of the Carrizal aquifer, situated in an arid region of Baja Peninsula, Mexico. The FSM method is adequate for studying the aquifer basement. Contrary to previous studies, our results indicate that FSM is not suitable for precisely quantifying depth or delineating aquifer boundaries, nor for accurately locating aquifers. However, it can be a good choice when is adequately analyzed in conjuction with other methods and geological techniques. Qualitative analysis supplemented with in - depth verification, is suggested due to FSM's speed.</div></div><div><h3>Plain language summary</h3><div>Studying small water sources in arid regions such as Baja California Sur, Mexico, presents significant challenges due to limited on-the-ground data and insufficient depth coverage from conventional methods. Many areas lack deep-drilling data, and traditional techniques do not penetrate deeply enough. The Frequency Method (FSM) shows promise in determining the shape of these water sources, but the results require careful analysis. Our study of the Carrizal aquifer demonstrates that FSM is effective for examining the aquifer's base, even though it cannot precisely measure depth. For optimal results, it is recommended to combine FSM with other techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}