Journal of Applied Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Integrating geophysical methods, InSAR, and field observations to address geological hazards and buried archaeological features in urban landscapes","authors":"Leonardo Maria Giannini ,&nbsp;Siham Younsi ,&nbsp;Benedetto Burchini ,&nbsp;Rita Deiana ,&nbsp;Giorgio Cassiani ,&nbsp;Paolo Ciampi","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the limited application of integrated geophysical and remote sensing methods in detecting and characterizing underground voids in volcanic settings, while literature primarily focused on karst sinkholes. It investigates a collapse-affected area near the historical center of Civita Castellana (Viterbo, Italy), where volcanic deposits and subsurface cavities were identified through boreholes and field surveys. The study aims to estimate the spatial configuration of hypogeal environments using non-invasive surface and near-surface geophysical techniques. A multi-scale and multi-source approach was employed, integrating electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR), and (interferometric synthetic aperture radar) InSAR. ERT, using a dipole-dipole configuration across four profiles with 1 m inter-electrode spacing, revealed high-resistivity anomalies (&gt;400 Ohm·m) linked to buried cavities at depths of 2–6 m. The largest void spans approximately 4 m² with resistivity values exceeding 900 Ohm·m. GPR surveys, performed with a 100 MHz antenna along 10 transects, corroborated ERT results by delineating subsurface discontinuities and void geometries down to 10 m depth. InSAR provided large-scale subsidence patterns, highlighting localized zones with downward displacement rates up to −10.0 mm/year, aligning with geophysical findings and suggesting a continuous cave network contributing to surface instability. The results underscore the effectiveness of combining ERT, GPR, and InSAR for detecting underground voids in urbanized volcanic settings. This integration enables precise delineation of subsurface geometries and enhances risk assessment. The findings have considerable implications for urban planning, hazard mitigation, and cultural heritage preservation, offering critical insights into hypogeal environments in archaeologically and historically significant areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 105726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated 2D time-lapse resistivity tomography and spontaneous potential surveys demonstrate seasonal, use-related patterns of seepage from a water-supply canal system","authors":"Mohamed A. Khalil ,&nbsp;Douglas R. Hallum ,&nbsp;R.M. Joeckel ,&nbsp;Michael Krondak","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The imperative of ensuring structural integrity and maintaining operational safety of hydraulic structures while managing surface water for power generation, food and fiber production, groundwater storage, and preservation of the natural environment drives a worldwide need for locating seepage associated with such structures. This paper is a case study of the geophysical assessment of seepage from the Sutherland Supply Canal and the connecting Paxton Siphon Inlet in subhumid to semiarid western Nebraska, USA. We employed 2D electrical resistivity tomography and self-potential methods to identify and characterize numerous potential seepage zones beneath these structures under both full-canal conditions (August 2023) and subsequent empty-canal conditions (October 2023). Our time-lapse analysis of the two 2D resistivity data sets exhibited a relative increase in the resistivity ratio of the potential seepage zones under empty-canal conditions of up to 700 (i.e., seven times of the magnitude of the resistivity determined in August) and a desaturation of about 26 % relative to saturation under full-canal conditions. These results indicate that a hydraulic connection exists between the canal and the potential seepage zones under it. Furthermore, self-potential data outlined the recharge and discharge zones under the canal according to positive and negative polarity of the drift-referred to base self-potential data. Our integrated time-lapse approach is non-invasive, time- and cost-effective, and easily repeatable; therefore, it is applicable to the assessment of seepage in irrigation canals, siphons, and dams worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 105708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variance-based global sensitivity analysis of forward soil layer model parameters in earthquake horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio","authors":"Mianshui Rong ,&nbsp;Xiaoshan Kong ,&nbsp;Jixin Wang ,&nbsp;Dongming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inversion of subsurface soil layer velocity structures using the earthquake horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (EHV) is a significant research focus in seismology and earthquake engineering. Accurately identifying the sensitivity of physical and mechanical parameters of various underground soil layers is crucial for developing effective inversion strategies. However, most existing EHV sensitivity studies focus on local sensitivity analysis and fail to comprehensively reveal the global sensitivity of model parameters across different soil layers. In this study, we conducted statistical analyses using 648 borehole datasets from the KiK-net network and 1073 borehole datasets from the Beijing region. Based on these analyses, the corresponding statistical models were developed. Subsequently, we systematically investigated the sensitivity of different parameters to EHV using variance-based global sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that parameter sensitivity varies with frequency. In the low-frequency range, the variance of EHV output is primarily influenced by shear wave velocity (<em>Vs</em>) and soil thickness (<em>h</em>). In contrast, compression wave velocity (<em>Vp</em>) and <em>h</em> are the dominant factors in the high-frequency range. The quality factors of shear waves (<em>Qs</em>), compression waves (<em>Qp</em>), and density (<em>ρ</em>) exert negligible effects across all frequency ranges. This study aims to establish effective constraints for EHV inversion, facilitate the optimization of parameter combinations, assess the feasibility of the inversion scheme and the reliability of the results, and offer valuable insights to enhance the efficiency of the inversion process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 105730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scattering of cylindrical SH waves by a concentric semi-circular discontinuity and hill","authors":"Guojun Sheng,&nbsp;Zhiwen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic wave propagation is significantly influenced by discontinuities and topographic undulations; however, the interactive effects of these factors on wave scattering remain underexplored. Utilizing the displacement discontinuity model, this study constructs a theoretical model for the scattering of cylindrical SH waves by a concentric semi-circular discontinuity and hill within an elastic half-space. A series solution is derived employing the wave function expansion method, and its precision and convergence are verified, which demonstrates its high accuracy and reliability. Through parametric analysis, the research systematically examines the impact of discontinuity stiffness, incident wave frequency and angle, source distance, and the ratio of discontinuity to hill radius on ground and underground motion distribution patterns under steady-state wave conditions. Notably, the study simulates transient wave action using a Ricker wavelet, revealing how scattering field characteristics change significantly under different conditions. The findings show that discontinuities have a particularly significant impact on seismic wave propagation when their stiffness is low.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 105732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the challenges of using 2D seismic reflection imaging in basement aquifers: A case study from Southern Sinai, Egypt","authors":"Amir Ismail ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ahmed ,&nbsp;Muhamed Elshalkany ,&nbsp;Abdou Abouelmagd ,&nbsp;Sherif Mansour ,&nbsp;Islam N. El-Nekhiely ,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdelfattah","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sinai Peninsula is one of the most important and promising regions for development in Egypt because of its economic significance and strategic location. In the southern part of the peninsula, groundwater resources exist in basement and alluvial aquifers. This study investigates the challenges of acquiring, processing, and interpreting two-dimensional (2D) seismic reflection data over southern Sinai's aquifers and provides mitigations for these challenges. Specifically, five 2D seismic profiles were collected to map the depth to the saturated zone and the depth to crystalline basement rocks, and to delineate subsurface structural features. Data acquisition was challenging due to narrow wadis (profile length: 235 m), construction activities, and coarse-grained sediments that hindered geophone contact and resulted in relatively noisy records. Data processing also faced numerous challenges due to heterogeneous alluvial deposits, fractured basement rocks, energy loss from diffraction and scattering, multiple events, and lower impedance contrast. Defining three seismic subsurface units (unsaturated zone, saturated zone, fractured basement) was challenging because lithologic logs/records were distant from the profiles, and picking horizons and faults was limited by seismic resolution, reflector interference, discontinuities, and subsurface heterogeneity. Results indicated that the thickness of the unsaturated zone and saturated zone ranged from 15 to 40 m and 22 to 55 m, respectively, with the depth to the fractured basement ranging from 22 to 80 m. Results of this study could guide seismic imaging techniques in basement aquifer systems across similar areas elsewhere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 105733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved inverse scattering imaging condition based on ray-Kirchhoff approximation","authors":"Yang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reverse time migration (RTM) has superiority over other imaging algorithms in handling steeply dipping structures and other complicated geological models by directly solving the full two-way wave equation. Conventional RTM algorithms aim at generating structural images that indicate the geologic interfaces. Amplitude-preserving and low wavenumber artifacts removal are two important issues that should be addressed for improving imaging quality using RTM. The RTM inverse-scattering imaging condition has been introduced to account for these two key points. The original RTM inverse-scattering imaging condition adopts the ray-Born approximation. The Born approximation assume model perturbations have shot characteristic wavelengths and adopt a volume integral representation to establish the linear relationship between model and data perturbations. In this paper, we extend the concept of RTM inverse-scattering imaging condition by introducing Kirchhoff approximation for linearized forwarding modeling. Since the Kirchhoff approximation requires that model perturbations exist across smooth surfaces, the proposed imaging condition is more suitable for imaging locally planar seismic reflectors instead of superposition of point scatters which implied in Born approximation. Meanwhile, the advanced features of original RTM inverse-scattering imaging condition, i.e., amplitude-preserving and low wavenumber noise removal are well maintained. We verify the effectiveness of the present RTM imaging condition with both synthetic and field data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 105720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible weaken of Rayleigh waves in weak porous media: Effects of surface drainage","authors":"Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Ping Ping","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In unconsolidated weak porous media, the slow P2 wave may overtake the S wave across the characteristic frequency <em>f</em>_c as a fast slow P2 wave (FSP2). The FSP2 can destructively interfere with the first Rayleigh wave (R1), which is generated by the fast body waves (P1 and S waves) along the free surface interface. These phenomena are discovered under sealed closed pore (cp) hydraulic contact on the free surface, as described by poroelastic theory. However, under permeable open pore (op) hydraulic contact, the FSP2 wave does not affect the R1 mode. It is speculated that the interference may be dominated by the second Rayleigh wave (R2), which is only excited under cp conditions. In weak porous media, the R2 wave may destructively interfere with the first Rayleigh wave (R1) when the FSP2 appears, causing it to transition to a inverse-dispersion surface wave mode. This induces strong attenuation of the R1 wave, thereby weakening pore pressure build-up and displacement penetration. This discovery suggests that preventing fluid transport on free-surface interfaces can effectively absorb the impact of vibrations caused by Rayleigh surface waves, providing a new perspective for seismic protection of weak near-surface media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 105710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"XAI-driven contamination for self-supervised denoising with pixel-level anomaly detection in seismic data","authors":"Gian Antariksa ,&nbsp;Ardiansyah Koeshidayatullah ,&nbsp;Subasish Das ,&nbsp;Jihwan Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep learning (DL) applications in seismic data processing is crucial for accurate subsurface interpretation. However, post-migration seismic data often suffer from noise that can obscure key geological features and impair analysis. Despite the availability of various denoising techniques, a significant gap remains in achieving both robust performance and interpretability without reliance on extensive labeled datasets. This paper proposes a novel solution to this emerging issueby employing an explainable self-supervised approach that combines Deep Convolutional Denoising (DCD) networks with a SHAP-based Noise Contamination detection model and isolation forest techniques. Unlike existing models, which are limited by labeled datasets, our proposed approach emphasizes on the noise features while using DCD's predictive capabilities. Our findings highlighted the novel use of the SHAP denoising approach to effectively isolates and modifies seismic noise. The model was validated using a real world seismic dataset and proven to perform exceptionally well when compared to traditional approaches. Using the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) as the benchmark metric, the SHAP 15% contamination approach fared better at various noise scales. Notably, with a White Gaussian Noise Scale of 60.0, the PSNR method result was 24.62, above the scores of the Random Noise contamination (24.39) and Ground Roll contamination approaches (23.46). Similar superiorities were observed at scales 40.0 and 80.0, reaffirming the SHAP 15% contamination method's superiority. Consequently, this integrated approach not only promises enhanced seismic denoising but also demonstrates quantifiable and explainable superior performance metrics, laying the foundation for future seismic processing endeavors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 105723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AttentionFaultFormer: An attention-enhanced 3D CNN & transformer model for seismic fault detection","authors":"Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Siteng Ma ,&nbsp;Yue Liu ,&nbsp;Ruihai Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In seismic exploration, accurately identifying faults is fundamental for interpreting seismic data. Due to the highly sparse distribution of faults in the seismic volume and the heavy reliance on local features to reconstruct fault segmentation masks, predicting faults using 3D Vision Transformers (ViT) remains challenging. We propose a novel attention-enhanced 3D U-shaped CNN and ViT hybrid model, called AttentionFaultFormer, specifically for fault detection tasks. AttentionFaultFormer includes a transformer-based encoder, a residual-based decoder, and attention-enhanced skip connection. The skip connection integrates local feature extraction from convolutional layers with channel and spatial attention mechanisms to enhance the representation of detailed fault features. Furthermore, based on the geometric structure of faults, we designed the Multi-Axis Striped Convolution Attention (MASCA) module and incorporated it into the shallow skip connections to help the model delineate continuous long faults. We applied our model to three field seismic datasets (F3, Kerry3D, and Thebe). Comparative analysis against two CNN models and two ViT models reveals that our model predicts more continuous and interpretable faults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 105707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilising frequency-time analysis (FTAN) of surface waves for geotechnical and dam investigations","authors":"Craig O'Neill ,&nbsp;Wei-Xuen Heng ,&nbsp;Ao Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shallow shear-wave velocity structure of the subsurface is a key input for dam engineering, civil construction, and earthquake hazard assessments. Many commercial solutions lack sensitivity in resolving complex shallow Vs structure. Here we develop a pure python approach for frequency-time analysis for shallow active source seismic data, and demonstrate its sensitivity to common depth ranges of geotechnical investigations. We show the approach's effectiveness in isolating the fundamental mode in group-velocity maps of Rayleigh waves, typically acquired in one-component geophone active surveys, and develop guidelines for consistent field survey deployment. We present a number of new case studies, ranging from construction to hydrogeological investigations, demonstrating our approach's ability to resolve complex shallow structures and its high visual correlation with independent geotechnical information, such as logs. Sensitivity kernel calculations show that FTAN has significantly more depth penetration than equivalent active techniques like refraction, at given shot-receiver distances, raising the possibility of processing legacy survey data for greater depth resolution and Vs structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 105721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}