Journal of Applied Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Towards the shear-wave sonic reverse time migration with the spectral element method","authors":"Mikhail Malovichko ,&nbsp;Denis Sabitov ,&nbsp;Maxim Dmitriev ,&nbsp;Timur Zharnikov","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper evaluates feasibility of three-dimensional sonic reverse-time migration (RTM) based on the spectral element method (SEM). A GPU based algorithm capable of performing both fluid-solid and purely elastic RTM is presented. The key properties of our algorithm is efficient organization of GPU computations, use of optimized unstructured meshes and elements of high order, leveraged with sufficient amount of memory available on newer generations of GPUs. We review the imaging conditions (ICs) for shear-wave imaging, derive four ICs using the Lagrangian formalism and study their merits. We also propose a simple yet powerful approach for automatically constructing unstructured all-hexahedral meshes that respect the borehole geometry. The RTM algorithm's validity and merits are demonstrated through its application on synthetic data as well as a real data set. Overall, our results suggest that the sonic community already possesses the technical capability to perform industrial-scale sonic RTM, at least using GPU clusters employing top-tier chips with large global memory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 105573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of satellite and aerial images with multichannel GPR surveys in the archaeological area of Augusta Bagiennorum for an improved description of the urban setting","authors":"A. Vergnano ,&nbsp;P. de Vingo ,&nbsp;G. Rosso ,&nbsp;S. Uggè ,&nbsp;C. Comina","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The archaeological area of Augusta Bagiennorum (NW Italy) is a well-known archaeological site, extensively investigated since the end of the 19th century. Previous archaeological studies in the area allowed a preliminary definition of the urban setting through several direct soundings. However, the current knowledge of the site needs to be more complete due to the limited extension of previous archaeological surveys. To obtain a more complete description of the urban setting, we analysed aerial and satellite images and multichannel Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys, which are two remote-sensing technologies often used in this field. Aerial images showed vegetation cropmark patterns in different areas, depending on the time of the day, year, and camera acquisition setup. The GPR surveys locally confirmed the presence of buried structures in correspondence with the cropmarks, and provided a more detailed view of the underground features. The GPR was also helpful in adding Ground Control Points for georeferencing hot-air balloon images. The combined view of aerial and GPR images allowed us to confirm the overall extent of the archaeological area, as reported in past archaeological reports. However, some of the observed structures were located outside the previously known extent of the town. The orientation of some suggests that the streets of Augusta Bagiennorum are not always arranged in a perpendicular pattern, typical of the Roman orthogonal town planning. The adopted methodological approach could be a valuable tool in similar case studies, since it provides multiscale information composed of both overall views and detailed images.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 105579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic Site Characterization of Coimbatore city, Tamil Nadu, India using the Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) test and Correlations between shear-wave velocity and SPT - N","authors":"Manoharan Sambath ,&nbsp;Sembulichampalayam Sennimalai Chandrasekaran ,&nbsp;Sandeep Maithani ,&nbsp;Ganapathy Pattukandan Ganapathy","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic Site Characterization involves the qualitative assessment of top-soil properties that have the capability of amplifying the generated earthquake ground motions. The geotechnical properties of topsoil refer to the top 30-m subsurface profile which plays a vital role in seismic microzonation and Ground Response Analysis (GRA) studies. Among various geotechnical parameters, shear-wave velocity (V_s) of the top 30 m subsurface is mainly linked to seismic site characterization and amplification studies. The average shear-wave velocity of the top 30 m subsurface, V_s(30), has been used for seismic site classification in accordance with the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) and various building codes. In this study, an attempt has been made to retrieve the geospatial variation of average shear-wave velocity for Coimbatore city using the active Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) test which is one of the non-destructive geophysical tests. To retrieve the spatial distribution of shear-wave velocity (V_s), the test was carried out at 35 locations in the vicinity of important structures, schools, colleges, and hospitals within the city. The seismic records have been acquired in the field and analyzed using the winMASW software. From the one-dimensional MASW test, the study area has an average V_s(30) in the range of 640 m/s to 909 m/s and has been classified as site-class “BC” (soft rock) according to NEHRP standards. These test results have been validated using the collected SPT bore log data from various locations, including 40 sites in the vicinity of the conducted MASW tests. The site-specific correlation between the shear-wave velocity (V_s) and the corrected SPT N- Value, N₁₍₆₀₎, and between V_s and shear modulus (G) have been developed for Coimbatore city with a regression coefficient of 0.79 and 0.83 respectively. From the fundamental site period map, the study area has a site period in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 s, which indicates that 1- to 2- storey buildings that are densely distributed throughout the city may lead to damage in case of probable future earthquakes. This study bridges the connectivity from the evaluated bedrock acceleration using the Seismic Hazard Analysis (SHA) and provides insights for evaluating surface acceleration using GRA studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 105575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of four resistivity mixing models on field time lapse geoelectrical measurements from fine-grained soil undergoing freeze-thaw cycles","authors":"Soňa Tomaškovičová,&nbsp;Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105572","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Resistivity mixing models relate porosity, phase composition and specific resistivities of ground materials to their bulk (effective) electrical properties. These models were typically derived for calculating hydrocarbon saturation from geophysical logs. In permafrost monitoring applications, they have been used to link ground electrical response to its phase composition, with focus on unfrozen water vs. ice content, and to derive changes in ground ice content from repeated resistivity acquisitions. Such quantitative interpretations rely on validity of the mixing models in a context different from the one they were derived in. To increase the reliability of the permafrost forecasts that are based on repeated resistivity surveys, we undertook validation of four selected resistivity mixing model formulations: i) the original Archie's law, ii) the Archie's law with an ice-content dependent cementation exponent &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Archie-M), iii) a modification of the Archie's law for multiple conducting phases (Archie-N), and iv) the geometric mean model (GM). The model application context was permafrost monitoring and fate forecasting on natural fine-grained soil undergoing cycles of freezing and thawing, based on indirect (geophysical), in-situ time-lapse resistivity measurements. The purpose of the calibrated resistivity models was to derive the phase composition of the ground from in-situ resistivity measurements, with acceptable quantitative reliability, notably with respect to the amount and changes of ice and water content. In our validation framework, daily temperature-dependent soil phase distribution was converted into an effective resistivity distribution of the ground using each of the four resistivity mixing models. From the effective resistivity model, an apparent resistivity response was forward calculated and compared to time-lapse field apparent resistivity measurements from a permafrost monitoring field site. The performance metrics were i) the root mean square error between the forward-calculated and field-measured apparent resistivities throughout the freeze-thaw season, ii) the percentage of field apparent resistivity data explained by each resistivity model, and iii) the plausibility of the calibrated model parameter estimates. We found that despite different current conducting mechanisms involved in each of the resistivity mixing model formulations, the quantitative performance of the four evaluated models was very similar. The four models typically reproduced the field-measured resistivity variations within one to two standard deviations (STD) of the field measurements, depending on the time of the year and depth in the soil profile. In the active layer, the Archie-M model most consistently reproduced the field data within 1 STD throughout the freezing and frozen periods of the year (September – May). Meanwhile, the GM best matched the actual values of resistivities during freezing. The GM also rec","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 105572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep anomaly localization using surface-borehole TEM and its application in the Wulong Gold deposit","authors":"Qingquan Zhi ,&nbsp;Junjie Wu ,&nbsp;Xingchun Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The localization of deep anomalies is a crucial geophysical topic. Surface-borehole transient electromagnetic method (TEM) offers advantages over traditional surface TEM method, including reduced interference from the ground and enhanced resolution capabilities for deep-seated local anomalies. In this study, the localization of deep anomalies was conducted using surface-borehole TEM methods. Based on the equivalence between the pure anomaly field generated by the anomaly body and the electromagnetic field generated by eddy current loops, the calculation of the pure anomaly field was achieved. The extraction of the pure anomaly field was accomplished through fitting the transient electromagnetic response over a large spatial range. By fitting the pure anomaly field with the eddy current loop field, the geometric parameters of the anomaly body were determined, which enabling anomaly localization. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated through synthetic example and demonstrated through its application in the Wulong Gold Mine area. The results showcase the localization of anomalies exceeding a depth of 2800 m using surface-borehole TEM methods, highlighting their superior resolution capabilities compared to the surface TEM methods. Comprehensive well logging and downhole geochemical surveys indicate that the anomaly localized using surface-borehole TEM methods hold multi-metallogenic prospects, including Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, and Ag, presenting significant research value and potential economic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 105577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel bipolar half-sine current transmitter for helicopter transient electromagnetic surveying","authors":"Dong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuhong Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a core component of a Helicopter Transient Electromagnetic (HTEM) system, the current transmitter determines the primary field. In this paper, a novel bipolar half-sine current transmitter is proposed and analyzed in detail. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and COMSOL electromagnetic simulation software are employed to optimize the parameters and structure of the pulsed current-generating coil to minimize the weight and maximize the dipole moment under a specified power. A two-stage resonant pulsed current source circuit is designed to reduce conduction losses and improve transmission efficiency. The charging resonant circuit and the transmitting resonant circuit alternately operate to generate a bipolar half-sine waveform pulsed current with an adjustable peak value. A damping resistor is used to suppress turn-off overshoot of the pulsed current. A prototype is constructed and tested in a field experiment. The transmitting moments of the HTEM system exceed 1 MAm² at all three base frequencies, with the pulsed current-generating coil consuming 2.8 kW of power and weighing only 229.2 kg. The experimental results closely align with the theoretical calculations. The field exploration results confirm that the proposed current transmitter generates high-quality current waveforms and has high stability, significantly enhancing the HTEM system's detection capability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 105578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong motion recording baseline drift recognition based on CNN-LSTM","authors":"Wenheng Guo ,&nbsp;Runjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Maofa Wang ,&nbsp;Baofeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Yue Yin ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strong motion records, as one of the important means to obtain earthquake information and understand the nature of earthquakes, provide a scientific basis for earthquake prediction and disaster prevention and mitigation. However, records that contain baseline drift can degrade the quality of the data and affect subsequent studies. In this paper, a baseline drift identification model based on convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory algorithms is proposed for identifying records containing baseline drift from strong motion records. To improve the accuracy of the model, Bayesian optimization is used to optimize the hyperparameters of the model. Using the strong motion records from the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake, we constructed a dataset and divided the data into two categories: high-quality records and low-quality records. The experimental results show that the proposed baseline drift recognition model can effectively identify baseline drift records, with an accuracy of 83 % and an AUC value of 0.847. It also demonstrates good generalization performance on cross-domain test sets composed of data from the Japan KiK-net and European ESM databases. Compared to other models, the recognition performance of the model in this paper is superior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 105574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site response measurements and implications for soil deformation using geophysical and geotechnical characterization of Djen-Djen Port, Jijel, Northeast Algeria","authors":"Sarra Zeroual ,&nbsp;Assia Bouchelouh ,&nbsp;Fares Kessasra ,&nbsp;El Hadi Oubaiche ,&nbsp;Rabah Bensalem ,&nbsp;Abdelhak Hattab ,&nbsp;Djamel Machane","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes the concept used to develop a methodology and an integrated approach based on the ambient vibration horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) combined with geotechnical analysis for assessing soil deformations observed in Djen-Djen port located near Jijel-City (north-east Algeria).</div><div>140 ambient vibrations recording were carried out to generate a spatial distribution map of the HVSR curves, seismic vulnerability index (Kg) and the ground shear strain GSS-(γ) value distribution maps. The spatial distribution of Kg and GSS-(γ) values estimated correlates well with both the geological units and soil deformations in the study area. In addition, the mapping of the spatial distribution of the HVSR curves delineates six distinct zones, thus reflecting the sensitivity of the HVSR peak amplification factor with the compactness and technical properties of the soil.</div><div>The qualitative and quantitative analysis developed in this study made it possible to characterize the embankments, settlement, and liquefaction observed at the port of Djen-Djen in eastern Algeria. This paper shows that the HVSR method is a useful and promising technique for studying soil settlement and liquefaction. The Kg and GSS maps can be used as a guide to implementation of geotechnical tests before any conventional study and as well to identify sites that are vulnerable to deformation for seismic hazard reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 105568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising Ground Penetrating Radar data interpretation: A hybrid approach with AI-assisted Kalman Filter and Wavelet Transform for detecting and locating buried utilities","authors":"Arasti Afrasiabi ,&nbsp;Asaad Faramarzi ,&nbsp;David Chapman ,&nbsp;Alireza Keshavarzi","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is widely used for detecting buried utilities, but data interpretation remains challenging due to noise and clutter. Although various methods exist for processing GPR data, the Kalman Filter (KF) has been underutilised despite its strength as an estimator. Traditional KF-based algorithms in GPR studies often rely on chi-squared hypothesis testing, which requires expert-defined thresholds and can lead to biased or uncertain outcomes. This paper introduces a novel KF-based framework that addresses these limitations. The framework employs Kalman Filters for noise reduction, with an optimisation algorithm based on a genetic algorithm to fine-tune KF input parameters. A Normalised Innovation Squared (NIS) parameter is used to generate an NIS signal function for identifying anomalies. Additionally, discrete wavelet transforms are applied to the NIS signal function for anomaly detection and localisation, using varying decomposition levels and vanishing moments. Results demonstrate a proportional relationship between wavelet decomposition levels, selected wavelets, and the detection rates of true and false positives. Statistical analysis using receiver operating characteristic curves shows that the optimal detection rate for all tested wavelets occurs at decomposition levels 5 and 6. This framework enhances GPR data interpretation with minimal user interaction, representing a step forward toward autonomy in GPR data processing and interpretation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 105567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic diagnosis model for heavy metal pollution in beach sediments of Qingdao, China","authors":"Wang Yong-Hong ,&nbsp;Huang Yi-Heng ,&nbsp;Liang Wei-Qiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic techniques have been widely used in recent decades to determine heavy metal pollution in sediments due to their high sensitivity to magnetic particles and considerable measurement convenience. Beaches are usually greatly influenced by human activities, but pollution problems such as heavy metal pollution due to sewage discharge, nearby factories, and garbage disposal have reduced the tourism value and ecological environmental quality of beaches. In this study, three beaches in Qingdao city were chosen as examples, and a magnetic diagnostic model for heavy metal pollution in beach sediments was established using statistical methods. The results showed that beach No. 1 in Qingdao was not polluted, while the pollution level of beach No. 2 was lower than that of beach No. 3. Beach No. 2 exhibited slight Cr and Zn pollution and slight Fe enrichment, while beach No. 3 exhibited slight to severe Cr, Ni, and Zn pollution and severe Fe enrichment. The statistical model results indicated that χ, saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), SOFT, and χ_ARM are more suitable for establishing magnetic diagnostic models, and the pollution level, pollution source and diffusion range of heavy metal elements could be detected with this model. The main causes of pollution are sewage outlets and the disposal of artificial coal ash. When the magnetic susceptibility value of the 0.063–0.125 mm particle size fraction of Qingdao beach sediments is greater than 6000 × 10⁻⁸ m³kg⁻¹, attention should be given to possible contamination by heavy metals. In this study, we revealed that environmental magnetic methods can be employed to effectively determine the pollution level, source, and diffusion of heavy metals in beach sediments, which can facilitate the management of heavy metals and other pollutants in beach sediments and ecological environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 105553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}