Journal of Comparative Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of resource-associated signals on producer responses: Insights from golden fish (Carassius auratus) and an agent-based model.","authors":"Laurent Avila-Chauvet, Juan Elenes-Rivera, Diana Mejía Cruz, Yancarlo L Ojeda Aguilar","doi":"10.1037/com0000400","DOIUrl":"10.1037/com0000400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In social foraging situations, some group members actively engage in behaviors associated with searching for patch zones (produce), while others join previously discovered patch zones (scrounge). Pavlovian conditioning enables individuals to anticipate a biologically significant event or unconditioned stimulus, such as resource availability, when paired with another event, such as a blue light, also known as a conditioned stimulus (CS). Considering that individuals' prior experiences with habitat features may influence their preference for producer or scrounger responses, this study aims to assess the impact of resource-associated signals on the group produce index. Specifically, the study seeks to (a) outline a setup for goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) incorporating renewable patch zones, (b) evaluate the CS's effect on the proportion of producers, and (c) develop an agent-based model capturing the CS's effect on the proportion of producers. Eight goldfish were used, with half undergoing a delayed Pavlovian acquisition protocol. Pavlovian-trained and control fish were assessed under signal and nonsignal conditions. The findings reveal that the producer index in the signal condition was higher for the Pavlovian group than the control group. To simulate conditions to those observed in fish, we developed an agent-based model where Pavlovian agents oriented themselves toward the nearest patch zone when the CS was present. The results mirrored those observed in fish, indicating an advantage derived from preexposure to the CS. This study contributes to the investigation of individual disparities and the impact of learning within the framework of the producer-scrounger game. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":54861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"230-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) rank lists using multiple cognitive mechanisms simultaneously.","authors":"Rael Sammeroff, Robert R Hampton","doi":"10.1037/com0000405","DOIUrl":"10.1037/com0000405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Memorizing the relations between items and learning relational rules are two ways in which sets of items can be ranked. We investigated the interaction of these types of learning in a series of five experiments with six adult male rhesus monkeys. We presented monkeys with three types of image sets. Scene sets were random images of natural scenes or cityscapes with no perceptually evident pattern by which to rank them. Relations among these images had to be learned through trial and error. Patterned sets were shapes that varied systematically along a physical dimension such as size such that a single rule for ranking them could be applied across images. Disordered sets were the same as Patterned sets, but monkeys were trained to rank them in an arbitrary order that was not consistent with differences along a physical dimension. Monkeys learned Scene sets more quickly than Patterned sets and Disordered sets, suggesting that monkeys memorize the relations between images relatively easily. In follow-up experiments, we found that monkeys also learned rules for the Patterned sets, indicated by the fact that they generalized performance to novel images and reversed ranks across the whole set after training with a single reversed pair. In Experiments 4 and 5, we investigated the interaction of memorization and relational rule learning with compound image sets that included both systematic physical variation and arbitrary visual content. We found further evidence that monkeys ordered images by both memorization and rules. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":54861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"209-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12758947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selenophobia (moonlight avoidance) in nocturnal rodents: A primer.","authors":"Raffaele d'Isa","doi":"10.1037/com0000406","DOIUrl":"10.1037/com0000406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photophobia, aversion for brightly lit environments, is commonly observed in laboratory nocturnal rodents such as mice and rats, as indicated, for example, by the light-dark box test. The universality of photophobia in laboratory nocturnal rodents rises questions on its corresponding behavior in nature and on what adaptive value may have led to the selection of this behavior during biological evolution. Nocturnality alone is insufficient to explain photophobic behavior, as nocturnal rodents show reduced roaming in the day just because they are sleeping and not because they are choosing to avoid a possibly aversive daylight. On the other hand, a natural behavior more directly related to the photophobia observed in the laboratory is selenophobia (moonlight avoidance), which in free-ranging rodents can be operatively defined as the reduction of exploratory and foraging activities in moonlit nights compared with dark nights. In the case of selenophobia, factors related to nocturnality are ruled out, and light-related factors can be easily isolated. Selenophobia has been found in a wide variety of nocturnal rodents, for which it may represent an antipredatory adaptation. A technology-aided study of selenophobia may strongly contribute to a better understanding of its nature, of the relative contributions of instinct and learning to this behavior, and of its neural underpinnings. In particular, new behavioral and neurophysiological technologies, for example, miniaturized radiocollars, freely accessible testing chambers equipped with infrared video cameras, animal-borne miniaturized video cameras, and noninvasive electrophysiological recordings, may be of particular usefulness to shed light on selenophobia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":54861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"224-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclical variations in acoustic features within the song sessions of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae).","authors":"Eduardo Mercado, Mary Ryan, Mariam Ashour, Gala Krsmanovic, Samantha McAllister, Christina E Perazio, Julia Hyland Bruno","doi":"10.1037/com0000401","DOIUrl":"10.1037/com0000401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Song sessions produced by humpback whales recorded off the coasts of Hawaii and Colombia show recurrent patterns of acoustic variation across consecutive songs. Analyses of intra-individual variations within continuous song sessions revealed that songs consistently cycled through stages of acoustic complexity. At time scales spanning tens of minutes, cyclical variations likely reflected the diving behavior of singers. Changes over shorter time frames suggest that singing humpback whales may also systematically modulate the acoustic complexity of individual sounds during song production, both by gradually morphing units and by varying the number of times they repeat sound patterns. Comparable cycles were evident across years and populations. Cyclical variations within song sessions can reveal how much time and energy singers spend producing tonal versus frequency-modulated/broadband elements. Tonal components are generally more difficult to localize spatially but easier to detect over long distances, suggesting that singing humpback whales may dynamically vary sound production in ways that affect both sound transmission and auditory spatial processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":54861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"192-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ready Player One? Virtual environments as a tool for studying spatial cognition in nonhuman primates.","authors":"Michael J Beran","doi":"10.1037/com0000425","DOIUrl":"10.1037/com0000425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>E. Rapport Munro et al. (see record 2025-97294-001) report on their use of a computerized task designed to mimic some aspects of the natural movements of chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) and bonobos (<i>Pan paniscus</i>) around a virtual environment. Although far from being a great ape's real-life version of <i>Ready Player One</i>, this software offers a beginning point toward making more ecologically valid and natural environment-like settings for use in assessing spatial cognition and decision making. The continued refinement and use of tasks like those designed by Rapport Munro et al. (2025) is not exciting solely because such tasks will replace two-dimensional, third-person computerized tasks usedwith nonhuman animals or because it guarantees that the subjects who are engaging those tasks are genuinely feeling as if they are in real spaces. It is exciting because it is, yet again, a new tool being added to the toolbox available to comparative cognition researchers, and one that is going to be particularly valuable in asking and answering certain kinds of questions about how animals move through and represent spaces. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":54861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology","volume":"139 3","pages":"153-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The best things in life are NOT for free! More on contrafreeloading in captive parrots.","authors":"Alice Auersperg","doi":"10.1037/com0000419","DOIUrl":"10.1037/com0000419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In humans, a mental state of flow--an interesting phenomenon driven by intrinsic motivation (e.g., Hintze & Yee, 2023) in which a state of settlement in an activity is perceived as rewarding--requires a careful balance between skill and challenge throughout the activity (van der Linden et al, 2021). A mental state of flow may also explain some animal activities such as, for example, some patterns of play (Burghardt, 2010; Held & Špinka, 2011; Hintze & Yee, 2023) or exploration for the sake of exploring (see interest; Kashdan et al., 2018; but not exploration to reduce anxiety states caused by knowledge gaps; e.g., Löewenstein, 1994). Perhaps most of all, it could help to explain some instances of contrafreeloading in animals. Contrafreeloading is defined as a preference to deliberately invest work to obtain an extrinsic reward that is also freely available (Inglis et al., 1997). Notably, to be explained by flow, contrafreeloading needs to remain challenging to the animal. In this issue, Carroll and Pepperberg (see record 2025-20600-001) present a new study targeting contrafreeloading in four captive umbrella cockatoos, a large species known for their loud calls and their flamboyant display routines. The almost antioptimal foraging tendencies of captive parrots led researchers around Pepperberg to study them as avian models for contrafreeloading (e.g., Inzlichet et al, 2018; Inglis et al, 1997, de Jonge et al, 2008, Tarte et al, 1973). In the current study, prior to testing, the four Ss received two deshelled nuts as a choice to determine possible side biases in their choices. All had some side preferences. Thereafter, they received a choice between a shelled and a deshelled almond. The results were individually quite variable with two birds preferring deshelled almonds over shelled almonds. Nevertheless, one bird, Poly preferred shelled almonds over deshelled almonds at 70%. Moreover, all of the others chose the shelled nuts at least sometimes (one other bird at 60%). This is remarkable considering that, according to optimal foraging theory, they should always go after the effortless option. Large interindividual differences and small samples made it hard to draw strong conclusions at this point. With more zoos, sanctuaries, and laboratories joining large collaborative projects, testing the play hypothesis and/or playful flow in contrafreeloading across species may become more feasible soon. Understanding intrinsically rewarding routines, such as contrafreeloading and flow, has great potential to inform us on the optimization of enrichment and welfare routines in large-brained animals and thus promises to remain an exciting topic in comparative psychology in the forthcoming years. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":54861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology","volume":"139 2","pages":"81-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guatemalan beaded lizards (Helodermatidae: Heloderma charlesbogerti) navigate and follow a scent trail in maze tasks.","authors":"Elizabeth L Haseltine, Maisy D Englund, James L Weed, Michael J Beran, Hollyn Tao, Sarah Paschal, Joseph R Mendelson","doi":"10.1037/com0000394","DOIUrl":"10.1037/com0000394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maze studies have provided substantial information about nonhuman cognition, such as insights on navigational strategies, spatial memory, and choice discriminations. This knowledge can aid in how we understand the foraging strategies of many animals, particularly understudied and endangered species, such as the Guatemalan beaded lizard (<i>Heloderma charlesbogerti</i>). These actively foraging lizards rely on chemoreception to locate prey, but it is unknown to what extent they engage in olfaction and vomerolfaction to hunt and navigate their environment. We investigated how Guatemalan beaded lizards moved through a physical maze. When navigating an eight-arm radial maze with all arms baited, lizards tended to turn into the immediately adjacent arm in a single direction, similar to other reptiles that have been tested in radial arm mazes. In a T-maze, the lizards had to discriminate between arms that contained scent and no-scent from a distance. They were generally unable to choose the baited (correct) arm at levels greater than chance, indicating an inability for this discrimination. With the addition of a scent trail, however, all lizards chose the baited arm at levels significantly above chance, and this increased accuracy was correlated with increased latency to make the arm choice. The lizards also demonstrated a decreased rate of tongue flicking as proximity to reward increased. Guatemalan beaded lizards can efficiently navigate a radial arm maze and can successfully use vomerolfaction with substrate-borne cues to locate prey, but they appear to have minimal olfaction abilities when sensing from a distance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":54861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"111-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrafreeloading in umbrella cockatoos (Cacatua alba): Further evaluation of the play hypothesis.","authors":"Alana Carroll, Irene M Pepperberg","doi":"10.1037/com0000395","DOIUrl":"10.1037/com0000395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contrafreeloading is defined as choosing to perform work to obtain a reward, despite the presence of an identical, freely available alternative. According to standard learning and optimal foraging theories, it should not exist. Thus, any evidence of such behavior is noteworthy. We briefly review the recently introduced play hypothesis, which proposes that contrafreeloading is more likely if the action involved is viewed as play rather than work (i.e., agreeable rather than aversive). One might consequently expect species that are relatively more playful to be more likely to engage in contrafreeloading. We evaluated this possibility by testing purportedly playful umbrella cockatoos <i>(Cacatua alba</i>); we studied four residents of a bird sanctuary in upstate New York (Dudley, JJ, Poly, and Teddy Bear). The task involved choosing between shelled and deshelled almonds; the former choice constituting evidence of contrafreeloading. We documented contrafreeloading in a novel species and then compared our results with previously published data on the reportedly less playful Grey parrots (<i>Psittacus erithacus</i>). Individually, a higher percentage of cockatoos engaged in contrafreeloading on more than half the trials than did the Greys, with statistically similar levels of individual variation, but the overall amount of contrafreeloading was not statistically significantly different between the species at a group level. We discuss possible reasons for these findings. Additionally, we examine similarities in the behavioral expression of play and contrafreeloading. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":54861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"84-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting the best foot forward: Limb lateralization in the Goffin's cockatoo (Cacatua goffiniana).","authors":"Jennifer A D Colbourne, Léo Hanon, Irene M Pepperberg, Alice M I Auersperg","doi":"10.1037/com0000393","DOIUrl":"10.1037/com0000393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many parrot species exhibit a high degree of limb lateralization on both the individual and species levels. In particular, the members of the cockatoo family are left-footed for food-holding at proportions reminiscent of right-handedness in humans. Here, we examine the limb lateralization of the Goffin's cockatoo (<i>Cacatua goffiniana</i>), a tool-using and technically proficient species used as a model of parrot cognition. First, we investigated the postural origins theory, originally proposed in primates to explain handedness. According to this theory, the hand that was used by ancestral primates to cling to trees developed finer motor control. Using a series of problem-solving tasks, we tested the possibility that the parrot's postural foot, which is similarly used to grasp tree branches, could be more motorically skilled. Although we did not find support for this idea, we did discover that task type does affect foot use, as subjects switched from using their food-holding dominant foot to their other foot during reaching tasks. We also found that the cockatoos more flexibly switched and used both feet when faced with more challenging tasks. Secondly, we attempted a partial replication of a previous study with parrots derived from the enhanced cognition hypothesis, which claimed that more lateralized individuals were better problem solvers. However, we did not find this relationship to be significant in any of our tasks. We did confirm that individual Goffin's cockatoos are extremely limb lateralized for food-holding in addition to other tasks, which may play a role in their approaches to problem-solving. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":54861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"98-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses to prey chemical cues in wild-caught, adult gopher snakes (Pituophis catenifer).","authors":"Mark A Krause, Caleb Koharchik, Lucas Staples","doi":"10.1037/com0000397","DOIUrl":"10.1037/com0000397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surface chemical cues from prey elicit elevated levels of tongue-flicking and striking behavior in many species of snakes and lizards. These responses are mediated by the vomeronasal system, and they may even occur in the absence of other sensory cues. How individuals of a species respond to prey chemical cues can reflect developmental, ecological, and evolutionary processes. Our focus in this study was ecologically based, and involved testing whether levels of chemosensory responding reflect the putative relative intake of prey types in nature. We tested 11 wild-caught adult gopher snakes (<i>Pituophis catenifer</i>) for their chemosensory responses, namely tongue flicking, in response to surface chemicals of natural prey items (rodent and bird) and to two control stimuli (distilled water and hexane). On average the snakes had significantly higher rates of tongue flicking toward prey cues than to control stimuli (<i>p</i> = .001). Responses to rodent and bird surface chemicals did not significantly differ from each other (<i>p</i> = .35). Tongue-flick responses to rodent surface chemicals were significantly higher than to both water and hexane (<i>p</i>s < .01), while responses to bird surface chemicals were significantly higher than to water (<i>p</i> < .05) but not to hexane (<i>p</i> = .12). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":54861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"147-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}