Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Predicting the need for orthognathic surgery in cleft patients: A systematic review","authors":"Timothy Jie Han Sng ,&nbsp;Sophia Hui Jia Choo ,&nbsp;Adaia Valls-Ontañón ,&nbsp;Chai Kiat Chng ,&nbsp;Myra Nee Lin Wen Jui Elliot ,&nbsp;Raymond Chung-Weng Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.07.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.07.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>A systematic review was performed to determine the predictive factors for orthognathic surgery in the cleft population.</div></div><div><h3>Materials &amp; methods</h3><div>A systematic search was made in Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search terms focus on the variables or factors that are associated with or predictive for the later need for orthognathic surgery in patients with cleft lip &amp;/or palate (CLP). Clinical studies published from inception until July 2024 were included. Full text of potentially relevant studies were retrieved and independently examined by two reviewers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 296 articles were identified. Eighteen studies were eligible for final inclusion. Out of the 1345 patients, unilateral CLP was the most common cleft subtype (64.0 %). All were retrospective in nature and the quality of most studies was moderate. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Factors that were significantly associated with indication for future orthognathic surgery in cleft children were categorised into a) iatrogenic, b) intrinsic and c) cephalometric-based variables. Amongst all the factors in these 3 categories, a lower ANB angle was the most widely mentioned predictive factor for subsequent OGS in CLP patients. The age at which such prediction was derived, ranged from 5 to 11 years old.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although further well-controlled studies are needed to better provide clinicians with predictive factors of the need for cleft orthognathic surgery, both intrinsic and iatrogenic factors have been shown to influence the overall maxillofacial growth in CLP patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"53 10","pages":"Pages 1857-1870"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional reconstruction based on computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging multimodal image fusion for parotid gland tumor diagnosis and treatment","authors":"Liu Yue (刘玥),&nbsp;Yu Yao (于尧),&nbsp;Tang Zunan (唐祖南),&nbsp;Hu Leihao (胡耒豪),&nbsp;Zhang Wenbo (章文博),&nbsp;Peng Xin (彭歆)","doi":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research evaluated a novel computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fusion-based three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method for parotid gland tumor diagnosis and treatment. In 11 patients with primary parotid tumors adjacent to the facial nerve, contrast-enhanced CT and 3D multi-echo in steady acquisition MRI images were automatically fused, segmented, and reconstructed to visualize tumors and critical anatomical structures. Preoperative tumor localization and tumor–nerve relationship assessments matched intraoperative findings in 90.9 % of cases. The method outperformed facial nerve line identification in deep lobe tumor assessment. Mean deviation distances for total, nerve, vascular, and tumor markers were 3.14 ± 1.80, 3.51 ± 1.85, 2.40 ± 1.49, and 2.47 ± 2.04 mm, respectively. Of five cases with facial nerve invasion on 3D reconstruction, three received nerve sacrifice and anastomosis, whereas two with nerve continuity preservation received postoperative radiotherapy. This technique enables precise spatial mapping of parotid tumors, aiding surgical planning and facial nerve preservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"53 10","pages":"Pages 1848-1856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of block bone and sandwich bone graft from posterior region of mandibular molar for alveolar cleft repair: A retrospective study","authors":"Yuhao Zhong ,&nbsp;Zheqin Wang ,&nbsp;Nannan Li ,&nbsp;Huan Li ,&nbsp;Junkai Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenyao Qin ,&nbsp;Guomin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This retrospective study was designed to assess the efficacy of alveolar cleft reconstruction using bone grafts derived from the posterior region of the mandibular molar and to compare the osteogenic properties between block bone grafts and sandwich bone grafts (a structure consisting of “cortical bone + cancellous bone + cortical bone”). A total of 22 patients were involved and divided into two groups based on the type of bone graft used. The primary outcome measures included the assessment of cleft region volume, filling rate, osteogenesis rate, and resorption rate at six months postoperatively.</div><div>The results indicated that the volume of the core cleft region significantly influenced the filling rates, with a linear relationship observed between the filling rate and osteogenesis rate (p &lt; 0.001). The sandwich bone graft group demonstrated a higher filling rate (82.89 % ± 11.14 %) compared to the block bone graft group (70.40 % ± 9.05 %). The type of bone graft had a significant impact on the osteogenesis rate at six months postoperatively, while resorption rates were similar between the two groups.</div><div>In conclusion, bone grafts derived from the posterior region of the mandibular molar show great potential for alveolar cleft reconstruction. Sandwich bone grafts may offer superior filling and osteogenesis rates, particularly in smaller clefts. However, the volume of bone available from the mandibular molar region may limit its application in larger clefts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"53 10","pages":"Pages 1838-1847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional cephalometric analysis of morphological characteristics in children with bilateral craniofacial microsomia","authors":"Chen Li ,&nbsp;Zhipu Ge ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Tang ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaolei Jin ,&nbsp;Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.07.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.07.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Craniofacial microsomia (CFM), the second most common congenital craniofacial anomaly, is poorly characterized in bilateral cases because conventional cephalometry cannot accurately assess facial asymmetry. This study aims to characterize craniofacial morphology in children with bilateral CFM using three-dimensional (3D) cephalometric analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A retrospective 3D cephalometric analysis was conducted on 8 bilateral CFM patients and 10 age-/sex-matched normal patients as controls. A coordinate system was established with three reference planes: the Frankfurt Horizontal Plane (FHP), the Midsagittal Plane (MSP) and the Nasion Perpendicular Plane (CP). Fifteen linear and angular measurements assessed maxillary, mandibular, chin, and occlusal parameters. Subgroups were stratified by bilateral mandibular deficiency severity according to Pruzansky-Kaban classification (Group A: similar; Group B: different). Statistical comparisons utilized independent <em>t</em>-tests (CFM vs. controls) and Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> tests (subgroups), with Pearson's correlation analysis exploring variable relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Bilateral CFM patients exhibited significant reductions in ramal height (Co-Go: <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and mandibular body length (Go-Me: <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), a posteriorly inclined occlusal plane (OP-FHP: 27.63° ± 5.50° vs. 8.13° ± 3.33°, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and pronounced chin retrusion (Me-NP: 46.08 ± 6.66 mm vs. 8.28 ± 7.71 mm, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and lateral deviation (Me-MSP: 5.84 ± 4.64 mm vs. 1.73 ± 0.93 mm, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Me-NP and Me-MSP differed significantly in subgroup analyses. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong associations between Me-NP and Me-MSP and OP-MSP, posterior maxillary height (U6-FHP) and Co-Go.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Bilateral CFM is mainly characterized by posteriorly inclined occlusal plane and pronounced mandibular retrognathia. The occlusal plane and chin will consistently deviate toward the more severely affected side. When bilateral mandibular involvement is similar in extent, chin deviation tends to be mild, resulting in less severe facial asymmetry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"53 10","pages":"Pages 1820-1827"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EACMFS Prizes & Awards","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1010-5182(25)00257-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1010-5182(25)00257-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"53 9","pages":"Pages 1662-1663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional morphometric analysis of mandibular subunits in different sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns","authors":"Ehab A. Abdulghani ,&nbsp;Abeer A. Al-Sosowa ,&nbsp;Jianru Yi ,&nbsp;Najah Alhashimi ,&nbsp;Bushra Sufyan Almaqrami ,&nbsp;BaoCheng Cao ,&nbsp;Wei Zheng ,&nbsp;Maged S. Alhammadi ,&nbsp;Yuan Li ,&nbsp;Yu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.07.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.07.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the application of three-dimensional (3D) radiographic imaging in orthodontic practice, jawbone morphology features that were previously undetectable on two-dimensional (2D) images now have the opportunity to be more thoroughly understood. This study aimed to three-dimensionally assess the mandibular functional skeletal subunits in different skeletal sagittal and vertical patterns.</div><div>A total of 281 Chinese adult patients were retrospectively enrolled. Using the 3D reconstructed images from the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, the mandibular functional skeletal subunits were evaluated and compared in different sagittal and vertical skeletal classes.</div><div>In both genders, almost all mandibular subunit lengths, except for the symphysis unit, showed significant differences across all the sagittal and vertical facial patterns. Skeletal Class III exhibited a significantly longer length of the condyle and body unit, whereas skeletal Class II had only a shorter body unit length. Interestingly, the condylo-coronoid angle was significantly larger in skeletal Class I compared to the other two sagittal groups. The hyperdivergent pattern demonstrated a significantly shorter length of the condyle, coronoid, and angle unit, as well as significantly larger condylo-coronoid, condylo-gonial, and condylo-inferior nerve angles, compared to the other two vertical groups. These findings showed no sexual dimorphism between males and females.</div><div>Mandibular hypoplasia in skeletal Class II is primarily attributed to the underdevelopment of the body unit, whereas mandibular hyperplasia in skeletal Class III is due to the overgrowth of all the major subunits. A hyperdivergent facial pattern is characterized by underdevelopment of the ramus subunits but not the body unit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"53 10","pages":"Pages 1812-1819"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the maxillary morphological mechanism of mid-face depression or protrusion by an interpretable machine learning-assisted approach in an Asian female population","authors":"Kang Wang ,&nbsp;Yi-Hao Qiao ,&nbsp;Zhou-Jie Gong ,&nbsp;Wen-Yu Dai ,&nbsp;Qing-Feng Li ,&nbsp;Hui Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For morphological assessments and treatment planning for the midface, the conventionally used measurement-based diagnosis is not potent enough to decode the complexity of craniofacial configuration. A more comprehensive assessment system using a machine learning-assisted approach is in need. In this study, the subnasale and maxilla positions were assessed in relation to the upper- and mid-facial structures in 1293 Asian females. Of these, 424 with proper mandibular and incisor positions were selected and classified into three types of facial appearance: balanced face, mid-face depression, and maxillary protrusion. Based on a comprehensive measurement system, machine-learning models were constructed to diagnose whether the patient had midfacial balance, deficiency, or excessive growth, in an interpretable manner. The XGBoost models performed the best for this task. The subnasale-to-glabella and maxilla-to-skull base anteroposterior relations were the most important features contributing to the model's diagnosis. The model still performed well without the input of facial angle, suggesting a capability of diagnosing irrespective of intermaxillary measurements. Running of the models on the external test sets revealed good efficacy in diagnosing mid-facial morphology in faces with proper mandibular positions, and in discriminating maxillary causes of facial aesthetic defects resulting from complex mechanisms, including skeletal and dental, and maxillary and mandibular abnormalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"53 10","pages":"Pages 1828-1837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative assessment of temporomandibular disc and ligament changes in temporomandibular joint disorder using magnetic resonance T2 mapping","authors":"Shi-Zhen He ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yu Wei ,&nbsp;Yong-Qian Liu,&nbsp;Rui Liu,&nbsp;Li-Rong Yue,&nbsp;Jian-Bo Li,&nbsp;Chen Liu,&nbsp;Peng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to quantitatively assess microstructural and biochemical changes in the articular disc and periarticular ligaments associated with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) using magnetic resonance T2 mapping, and examines the potential utility of this imaging modality in disease monitoring.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 127 patients diagnosed with TMD and 51 asymptomatic controls, recruited at the hospital between June 2023 and January 2024. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint, including T2 mapping sequences. Image interpretation was independently performed by two radiologists blinded to clinical data. Cases were categorized based on the presence and severity of anterior disc displacement and associated tissue injury. Regions of interest were manually delineated on pseudo-color T2 maps in both open- and closed-mouth positions to obtain T2 relaxation values of the articular disc and periarticular ligaments. Comparative and correlation analyses were conducted using appropriate statistical techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among patients with TMD, T2 values in the posterior portion of the articular disc were significantly higher than those in the anterior segment (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), a finding not observed in the control group. Although no significant difference in disc T2 values was noted between open- and closed-mouth positions within each group, periarticular ligament T2 values differed significantly between these positions (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Both disc and periarticular ligament T2 values were significantly elevated in the TMD group compared to controls (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). In the closed-mouth position, T2 values of both disc and periarticular ligaments demonstrated a positive correlation with increasing grades of anterior disc displacement and severity of tissue injury (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>T2 relaxation values increased with the progression of anterior disc displacement and tissue injury during early to intermediate stages of TMD, followed by a decline in later stages. A positive correlation was identified between T2 values of the articular disc and periarticular ligaments. T2 mapping in both open- and closed-mouth positions provided quantitative insight into structural changes of temporomandibular joint components and may serve as a valuable imaging biomarker for assessing tissue integrity and monitoring disease progression in TMD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"53 10","pages":"Pages 1747-1754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144769377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progression-, aggression-, survival and outcome characteristics in Merkel cell carcinomas in 176 patients","authors":"M. Klein ,&nbsp;G.M. Depping ,&nbsp;C. Hallermann ,&nbsp;J.D. Raguse ,&nbsp;H.J. Schulze ,&nbsp;F. Hölzle ,&nbsp;K. Wermker","doi":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNMCC) is a rare but highly malignant tumour with an overall poor prognosis. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify risk predictors for tumour progression in 176 patients first diagnosed with HNMCC between 1986 and 2015. This study is one of the largest European retrospective cohort studies on HNMCC. Special attention should be paid to the identification with univariate analysis of risk factors for the development of local recurrence, loco-regional metastasis, distant metastasis and disease-specific survival. Numerous significant factors (for example: gender, age, ASA score (American Society of Anesthesiologists Score; (Patients constitution)), immunosuppression, TNM, R status, etc.) were identified that influence disease progression and disease-specific survival. It also appears that the influencing factors increase from local recurrence to loco-regional metastasis to distant metastasis. After 36 months of follow-up, mortality in HNMCC appears to have plateaued. In addition, the data presented here suggest that high-risk patients with clinical loco-regional metastasis (cN+) in particular benefit from neck dissection and that all other patients (cN0) should receive a diagnostic sentinel lymph node Biopsy, as recommended in the German guideline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"53 10","pages":"Pages 1738-1746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A three – dimensional assessment of the accuracy of lefort 1 osteotomy using patient specific implants","authors":"Onur Koç,&nbsp;Hakan Hıfzı Tüz","doi":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.07.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcms.2025.07.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated patient specific implant (PSI) accuracy at different maxillary locations during LeFort 1 osteotomy. Twelve patients underwent LeFort 1 osteotomy using PSIs and surgical guides. Deviations between the planned and actual positions were calculated for point A, mid-upper-incisal point, canine cusps, and first molar mesiobuccal cusps across the three axes. Spearman's Rho, Friedman, and Wilcoxon Tests with Bonferroni correction were used for analyses. Maxillary movements in LeFort 1 surgery averaged 1,46 ± 0,09 mm mediolaterally, 3,75 ± 0,23 mm anteroposteriorly, and 1,08 ± 0,17 mm superoinferiorly. The average amounts of deviations were 0,41 ± 0,03 mm (mediolateral), 0,60 ± 0,14 mm (anteroposterior), and 0,45 ± 0,15 mm (superoinferior). Negative correlations existed between planned movement and deviation at point A (superoinferior, P = 0.022) and left first molar (mediolateral, P = 0.045). Posterior teeth showed higher deviations (0.62 ± 0.42 mm) than anterior teeth (0.34 ± 0.30 mm) in the superoinferior direction (P = 0.007). The PSI technique ensures excellent transfer of the desired vertical position of the anterior teeth. Small anterior vertical and posterior transverse movements are more prone to deviations than great movements in the same regions and axes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"53 10","pages":"Pages 1755-1761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144769375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}