Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law最新文献_第6页

Regional International Organizations and Health: A Framework for Analysis. 区域国际组织与卫生:分析框架。

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-9417456

Scott L Greer, Ana B Amaya, Holly Jarman, Helena Legido-Quigley, Martin McKee

{"title":"Regional International Organizations and Health: A Framework for Analysis.","authors":"Scott L Greer, Ana B Amaya, Holly Jarman, Helena Legido-Quigley, Martin McKee","doi":"10.1215/03616878-9417456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-9417456","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Regional international organizations (RIOs), from the South African Development Community (SADC) to the European Union (EU), are organizations that promote cooperation among countries in a specific region of the world. Asking what RIOs do to health and health policy by looking only at their formal health policies can understate their effects (e.g., a free trade agreement with no stated health goals can affect health policy) and overstate their effects (as with agreements full of ambition that did not deliver much).Methods: We adopt a \"three-faces\" framework that identifies RIOs' direct health policies, the effects of their trade and market policies, and their effects on health via fiscal governance of their member states to better capture their health impact. We tested the usefulness of the framework by examining the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, EU, North American Free Trade Agreement, SADC, and the Union of South American Nations.Findings: All RIOs had some impact on health systems and policies, and, in many cases, the principal policies were not identified as health policy.Conclusions: Such a framework will be useful in understanding the effects of RIOs on health systems and policies because it captures indirect and even unintended health effects in a way that permits development of explanatory theories.","PeriodicalId":54812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39199020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Who Stays at Home? The Politics of Social Distancing in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States during the COVID-19 Pandemic. 谁呆在家里?COVID-19大流行期间巴西、墨西哥和美国的社会距离政治

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-9349100

Paul F Testa, Richard Snyder, Eva Rios, Eduardo Moncada, Agustina Giraudy, Cyril Bennouna

{"title":"Who Stays at Home? The Politics of Social Distancing in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Paul F Testa, Richard Snyder, Eva Rios, Eduardo Moncada, Agustina Giraudy, Cyril Bennouna","doi":"10.1215/03616878-9349100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-9349100","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Reductions in population mobility can mitigate COVID-19 virus transmission and disease-related mortality. But do social distancing policies actually change population behavior and, if so, what factors condition policy effects?Methods: We leverage subnational variation in the stringency and timing of state-issued social distancing policies to test their effects on mobility across 109 states in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States. We also explore how conventional predictors of compliance, including political trust, socioeconomic resources, health risks, and partisanship, modify these policy effects.Findings: In Brazil and the United States, stay-at-home orders and workplace closures reduced mobility, especially early in the pandemic. In Mexico, where federal intervention created greater policy uniformity, workplace closures produced the most consistent mobility reductions. Conventional explanations of compliance perform well in the United States but not in Brazil or Mexico, apart from those emphasizing socioeconomic resources.Conclusions: In addition to new directions for research on the politics of compliance, the article offers insights for policy makers on which measures are likely to elicit compliance. Our finding that workplace closure effectiveness increases with socioeconomic development suggests that cash transfers, stimulus packages, and other policies that mitigate the financial burdens of the pandemic may help reduce population mobility.","PeriodicalId":54812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39067961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Who Counts Where? COVID-19 Surveillance in Federal Countries. 谁在哪里算?联邦国家的COVID-19监测。

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-9349114

Philip Rocco, Jessica A J Rich, Katarzyna Klasa, Kenneth A Dubin, Daniel Béland

{"title":"Who Counts Where? COVID-19 Surveillance in Federal Countries.","authors":"Philip Rocco, Jessica A J Rich, Katarzyna Klasa, Kenneth A Dubin, Daniel Béland","doi":"10.1215/03616878-9349114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-9349114","url":null,"abstract":"Context: While the World Health Organization (WHO) has established guidance on COVID-19 surveillance, little is known about implementation of these guidelines in federations, which fragment authority across multiple levels of government. This study examines how subnational governments in federal democracies collect and report data on COVID-19 cases and mortality associated with COVID-19.Methods: We collected data from subnational government websites in 15 federal democracies to construct indices of COVID-19 data quality. Using bivariate and multivariate regression, we analyzed the relationship between these indices and indicators of state capacity, the decentralization of resources and authority, and the quality of democratic institutions. We supplement these quantitative analyses with qualitative case studies of subnational COVID-19 data in Brazil, Spain, and the United States.Findings: Subnational governments in federations vary in their collection of data on COVID-19 mortality, testing, hospitalization, and demographics. There are statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) between subnational data quality and key indicators of public health system capacity, fiscal decentralization, and the quality of democratic institutions. Case studies illustrate the importance of both governmental and civil-society institutions that foster accountability.Conclusions: The quality of subnational COVID-19 surveillance data in federations depends in part on public health system capacity, fiscal decentralization, and the quality of democracy.","PeriodicalId":54812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39067958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Technically Accessible, Practically Ineligible: The Effects of Medicaid Expansion Implementation on Chronic Homelessness. 技术上可及，实际上不合格:医疗补助扩大实施对长期无家可归者的影响。

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-9349142

Charley E Willison, Denise Lillvis, Amanda Mauri, Phillip M Singer

{"title":"Technically Accessible, Practically Ineligible: The Effects of Medicaid Expansion Implementation on Chronic Homelessness.","authors":"Charley E Willison, Denise Lillvis, Amanda Mauri, Phillip M Singer","doi":"10.1215/03616878-9349142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-9349142","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Homeless policy advocates viewed Medicaid expansion as an opportunity to enhance health care access for this vulnerable population. We studied Medicaid expansion implementation to assess the extent to which broadening insurance eligibility affected the functioning of municipal homelessness programs targeting chronic homelessness in the context of two separate governance systems.Methods: We employed a comparative case study of San Francisco, California, and Shreveport, Louisiana, which were selected as exemplar cases from a national sample of cities across the United States. We conducted elite interviews with a range of local-level stakeholders and combined this data with primary-source documentation.Findings: Medicaid expansion did not substantially enhance the functioning of homelessness programs and policies because of Medicaid access challenges and governance conflicts. Administrative burden and funding limitations contributed to limited provider networks, inadequate service coverage, and lack of linkages between Medicaid enrollment and homelessness programming. Governance conflicts reinforced these functional challenges, with homelessness under the administration of local municipalities and nongovernmental organizations while states administer Medicaid.Conclusions: Improving access to health care services for persons experiencing homelessness cannot occur without intentional coordination between sectors and levels of government and thus necessitates the development of targeted policies and programs to overcome these challenges.","PeriodicalId":54812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9648193/pdf/nihms-1845748.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39067959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Introduction to "Subnational COVID-19 Politics and Policy". “地方2019冠状病毒病政治与政策”导言。

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-9349086

Julia Lynch, Sarah E Gollust

{"title":"Introduction to \"Subnational COVID-19 Politics and Policy\".","authors":"Julia Lynch, Sarah E Gollust","doi":"10.1215/03616878-9349086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-9349086","url":null,"abstract":"This special section of JHPPL emerged as a response to a call for rigorous empirical analyses related to the politics of the COVID-19 pandemic, both in the United States and from international and comparative perspectives. Many of the cross-nationally comparative submissions we received also employ subnational comparisons, and the three articles presented here are, in different ways, exemplars of the subnational turn in comparative politics research (Snyder 2001). All of these articles use subnational comparative analysis to examine policy making, implementation, and outcomes where it actually happens: at the local level, in subnational states or regions. One reason scholars may choose to examine subnational units is to generate a larger sample size from which to draw inferences, while also controlling for confounders attributable to the national-level context. But the focus on the subnational level in these pieces does not serve only to amplify the N. Subnational comparative research can do more, as these articles show. Each of these pieces also combats “methodological nationalism” (the tendency to, often mistakenly, view the nation-state as the natural unit of observation and analysis) by examining how attributes specific to substate rather than national-level units—for example, the degree or type of decentralization, the level of (in)dependence of subnational policy and political actors from the center, the local epidemiologic context—affect policies and outcomes. Paul F. Testa, Richard Snyder, Eva Rios, Eduardo Moncada, Agustina Giraudy, and Cyril Bennouna leverage the subnational variation in when government restrictions on movement were introduced to understand","PeriodicalId":54812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39052461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The Rhetorical Transformations and Policy Failures of Prescription Drug Pricing Reform under the Trump Administration. 特朗普政府处方药定价改革的修辞转变与政策失误

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-9349156

Rachel E Sachs

{"title":"The Rhetorical Transformations and Policy Failures of Prescription Drug Pricing Reform under the Trump Administration.","authors":"Rachel E Sachs","doi":"10.1215/03616878-9349156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-9349156","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout his four years in office, President Trump made prescription drug pricing a focus of his policy agenda. President Trump not only used strong language to criticize the pharmaceutical industry and its practices but also introduced ambitious reform policies that had previously lacked acceptance among Republican policy makers. President Trump appears to have been successful in developing a new populist form of rhetoric that Republicans can use in support of novel drug pricing reforms such as the ones his administration considered. From a policy perspective, however, the Trump administration failed to implement any of their more ambitious reform ideas. This article considers three of the Trump administration's signature policies-state-sponsored prescription drug importation, Medicare Part B international reference pricing, and reforms to the Medicare Part D rebate system-and explores how they represent both the political ambitions and policy failures of the Trump administration. The fate of the Trump administration's prescription drug proposals also reveals lessons about innovation and access, which will be important to ongoing drug pricing reform efforts.","PeriodicalId":54812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39052380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Coping with Denialism: How Street-Level Bureaucrats Adapted and Responded to COVID-19 in Tanzania. 应对否认主义:坦桑尼亚街头官僚如何适应和应对COVID-19。

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-9349128

Ruth Carlitz, Thespina Yamanis, Henry Mollel

{"title":"Coping with Denialism: How Street-Level Bureaucrats Adapted and Responded to COVID-19 in Tanzania.","authors":"Ruth Carlitz, Thespina Yamanis, Henry Mollel","doi":"10.1215/03616878-9349128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-9349128","url":null,"abstract":"Context: This article aims to highlight challenges and adaptations made by local health officials in Tanzania in working to contain and manage COVID-19.Methods: The study takes an inductive approach, drawing on the reported experiences of 40 officials at different levels of government across four purposefully selected regions in July 2020. Interviewees were asked about the guidance they received to contain COVID-19, the source of that guidance, their challenges and successes in implementing the guidance, and if and how they adapted the guidance to their particular setting.Findings: The interviews depict considerable challenges, including a lack of supplies and resources for implementing infection control, surveillance, and mitigation practices and dealing with fear and stigma. At the same time, they also provide evidence of innovation and adaptation among street-level bureaucrats. Respondents overwhelmingly praised the president, whose limited national response is seen as helpful for reducing fear and stigma.Conclusions: Other scholars have highlighted the potential dangers of street-level discretion if local officials \"make policy\" in ways that contradict their agencies' stated goals. In contrast, our study suggests benefits of autonomy at the street level-particularly in contexts where the central state was relatively weak and/or acting against the public interest.","PeriodicalId":54812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39052382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

A Draconian Law: Examining the Navigation of Coalition Politics and Policy Reform by Health Provider Associations in Karnataka, India. 严厉的法律:检查印度卡纳塔克邦卫生服务提供者协会的联盟政治和政策改革的导航。

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-8970895

Arima Mishra, Maya Annie Elias, Veena Sriram

{"title":"A Draconian Law: Examining the Navigation of Coalition Politics and Policy Reform by Health Provider Associations in Karnataka, India.","authors":"Arima Mishra, Maya Annie Elias, Veena Sriram","doi":"10.1215/03616878-8970895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-8970895","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive picture of provider coalitions in health policy making remains incomplete because of the lack of empirically driven insights from low- and middle-income countries. The authors examined the politics of provider coalitions in the health sector in Karnataka, India, by investigating policy processes between 2016 and 2018 for developing amendments to the Karnataka Private Medical Establishments Act. Through this case, they explore how provider associations function, coalesce, and compete and the implications of their actions on policy outcomes. They conducted in-depth interviews, document analysis, and nonparticipant observations of two conferences organized by associations. They found that provider associations played a major role in drafting the amendments and negotiating competing interests within and between doctors and hospital associations. Despite the fragmentation, the associations came together to reinterpret the intentions of the amendments as being against the interests of the profession, culminating in a statewide protest and strike. Despite this show of strength, provider associations only secured modest modifications. This case demonstrates the complex and unpredictable influence of provider associations in health policy processes in India. The authors' analysis highlights the importance of further empirical study on the influence of professional and trade associations across a range of health policy cases in low- and middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":54812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38857670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Introduction to "Recontextualizing Physician Associations: Revisiting Context, Scope, Methodology". “重新语境化医师协会:重新审视语境，范围，方法”的介绍。

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-8970852

Sorcha A Brophy, Veena Sriram

引用次数: 2

Between the Waves: Building Power for a Public Option. 海浪之间:建立公共选择的权力。

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-8970739

Jacob S Hacker

{"title":"Between the Waves: Building Power for a Public Option.","authors":"Jacob S Hacker","doi":"10.1215/03616878-8970739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-8970739","url":null,"abstract":"Given the close division of power in Washington, DC, how might health reformers pursue their bolder aims? In particular, how might they pursue the robust public option that was a centerpiece of Joe Biden's health plan during the campaign? This new iteration of the public option-far more ambitious than anything seriously considered during the debate over the ACA-is not in the cards right now. But instead of giving up on it, advocates should recast it in an inspiring vision that can structure immediate initiatives designed to make its achievement more feasible. This strategy, which might be called \"building power through policy,\" would involve using the openings for policy change that are likely to exist in the near term to reshape the political landscape for the long term. Three interim steps in particular could advance the public option's prospects: (1) pursuing immediate improvements in the ACA that are tangible and traceable yet do not work against the eventual creation of a public option, (2) building the necessary foundations for a public option within Medicare while encouraging progressive states to experiment with state public plan models, and (3) seeding and strengthening movements to press for more fundamental reform.","PeriodicalId":54812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38778914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1