Journal of Sports Science and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Using Game-Based Compensatory Strategies in Non-Starter Soccer Players: Analyzing The Impact on Physical Fitness Development.","authors":"TongZheng Liu, Mingbang Li, XiaoYan Pu","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.495","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of small-sided game-based compensatory strategies (CS) versus non-compensatory (NCS) strategies on the aerobic and repeated sprint ability development of non-starter soccer players. A controlled crossover experimental design was used, consisting of two 4-week phases separated by a 2-week washout period. Nineteen male non-starter soccer players (age: 18.1 ± 0.7 years) participated in the study. Each player experienced both an NCS and a specific CS, the latter involving six 3-minute bouts of 2v2 small-sided games performed the day after the match. CS indicates that additional training was introduced to compensate for the lack of playing time. This intervention was applied to players who either did not participate in the match or played less than 15 minutes. Physical fitness was assessed using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRT) and the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RSAmean). Significant interactions were found for YYIRT (p < 0.001, ηp² = 0.587, large effects) and RSAmean (p < 0.001, ηp² = 0.739, large effects). CS presented better results than NCS in YYIRT at both mid (mean difference: 84.4m, p = 0.040) and post-assessment (mean difference: 64.7m, p = 0.042). RSAmean was smaller under CS at mid (mean difference: -0.078 s, p = 0.012) and post-assessment (mean difference: -0.058s, p = 0.045). In conclusion, the results suggest that the CS condition leads to better YYIRT performance and reduced RSAmean compared to NCS. Practically, incorporating CS into training protocols for players who do not regularly participate in matches - such as unselected players or non-starters with limited playing time - may help maintain physical capacities, particularly endurance and repeated sprint ability, as these players are often exposed to lower physical demands during matches.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"495-502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Adequate Interval between Matches in Elite Female Soccer Players.","authors":"Trevor C Chen, Tai-Ying Chou, Kazunori Nosaka","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2025.712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.614.].</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Small Vs. Large-Sided Games on Physical Fitness Adaptations: A Randomized Controlled Design in Female Soccer Players.","authors":"Di Yang, Yun Feng, XuBin Guo, Pei Hu","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.513","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research comparing the effects of different small-sided soccer game (SSG) training formats on physical adaptations remains scarce. This study aimed to compare small-format SSGs (SSG_SF: 1v1 to 3v3) with large-format SSGs (SSG_LF: 6v6 to 8v8) on vertical jump, change-of-direction (COD), linear speed and aerobic capacity adaptations in youth female soccer players over a six-week training period. Using a simple randomized, parallel, controlled design, players were assigned to one of two experimental groups (SSG_SF or SSG_LF) or a control group. Forty-five female youth players (15.7 ± 0.5 years old) competing at a developmental level participated in the study. All participants had a minimum of two years of playing experience and adhered to at least 90% of the intervention protocol. The experimental groups received two additional SSG sessions per week, while the control group maintained their regular training routines. Baseline and post-intervention assessments included countermovement jump height (CMJ), change of direction deficit in the 5-0-5 test (COD deficit), 30-meter linear speed, and final velocity in the 30-15 intermittent fitness test (VIFT). The SSG_SF group exhibited a significantly smaller CODdeficit compared to the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.026; <i>d</i> = 1.032, moderate) after the intervention. The SSG_LF group exhibited a significantly smaller 30-m sprint time compared to the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.044; <i>d</i> = 0.303, small). Both the SSG_SF (<i>p</i> = 0.039; <i>d</i> = 0.880, moderate) and SSG_LF (<i>p</i> = 0.026; <i>d</i> = 1.043, moderate) groups exhibited a significantly greater V_IFT compared to the control group. In conclusion, the findings suggest that SSG_SF may be more beneficial for improving COD ability, while SSG_LF could potentially be more effective for enhancing linear sprint performance. Both formats appear to have a positive impact on aerobic performance, though the extent of their effects might be similar. Coaches might consider these differences when selecting SSG formats, as each format could contribute differently to physical performance adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"513-521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does The Timing of High-Intensity Interval Training Affect Technical Accuracy Under Fatigue? An Experimental Study in Basketball Players.","authors":"Xinyi He, Jingjing Wang, Jing Yang","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.676","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The scheduling (i.e., timing) of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) during basketball sessions may influence physical development and technical-tactical execution under fatigue, yet limited evidence exists to guide practice. This study compared the effects of early-session HIIT (HIITearly) versus post-session HIIT (HIITpost) on aerobic fitness and technical performance under fatigue in youth basketball players. Thirty-six male athletes (16.5 ± 0.7 years) were stratified and randomly assigned to HIITearly, HIITpost, or control groups in a six-week intervention (2 sessions/week). All groups followed the same HIIT protocol; only timing varied. Physical fitness was assessed via the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (VIFT), and technical accuracy for passes, dribles and shots was assessed during a 3v3 game conducted immediately after the 30-15 test. Results showed a significant improvement in VIFT for both HIIT groups (HIITearly: p < 0.001; HIITpost: p < 0.001), with no change in the control group (p = 0.705). HIITearly led to greater improvements than control in passes accuracy (p < 0.001), shot accuracy (p < 0.001), and dribble accuracy (p < 0.001). HIITpost showed smaller, yet significant, improvements in passes (p < 0.001), shots (p < 0.001), and dribbles (p < 0.001), while the control group exhibited only minor changes. Statistical interactions for all technical variables were significant, with particularly large effects for passes (ηp² = 0.678), dribbles (ηp² = 0.600), and shots (ηp² = 0.610). These findings suggest that both HIIT modalities improve physical and technical capacities under fatigue, with early-session HIIT potentially offering benefits for technical accuracy. However, definitive conclusions should be avoided due to the highly contextual nature of the results. Coaches may consider scheduling HIIT prior to skill-focused activities to maximize performance under fatigue conditions in youth basketball.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"676-683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Mechanical Output between One Repetition Maximum- and Body Mass-Based Load Determination in The Behind-Neck Push Jerk.","authors":"Yi-Chien Chiang, Chieh-Ying Chiang, Timothy J Suchomel","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.626","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Body mass (BM) can be used to prescribe loads for some weightlifting derivatives, as an alternative to the one-repetition maximum (1RM). However, the effectiveness of this method has not been investigated in weightlifting overhead pressing derivatives. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the effect of loads determined with percentages of 1RM and BM on kinetic and kinematic characteristics in the behind-neck push jerk (BNPJ). Sixteen recreational male athletes were recruited and performed 3 repetitions of the BNPJ from 40% to 80% of their 1RM and BM, respectively. Two force plates were used to collect kinematic (peak velocity, mean velocity, phase time) and kinetic variables (peak force, mean force, peak power, mean power, and impulse) in the concentric phase. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance assessed the interaction and the main effect (approaches and intensities) on the dependent variables. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. No significant interactions existed between the approaches and intensities in all variables. The main effect approach was not significant in all the kinematic variables, but significant intensity main effects were found. Significant approach and intensity main effects were found in all kinetic variables. All kinetic variables were greater in the 1RM-based approach compared to the BM-based approach. BM can serve as a practical alternative to 1RM for load prescription in the BNPJ when targeting kinematic characteristics. However, 1RM-based loading may be more suitable for maximizing kinetic outputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"626-633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher Heart Rate Intensity Can Negatively Impact Tactical Decision-Making and Technical Accuracy in Small-Sided Games: A Study on The Effects of Field Size and Scoring Method Manipulation.","authors":"Wei Qiao, Kai Hua, Jincheng Zhang, Dingding Song, Jie Li, Xiaolong Chen, Dong Liang","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.522","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated how varying task constraints - pitch size and the presence of a goal - affect psychophysiological intensity, technical execution, and tactical decision-making in small-sided games (SSGs). The study also examined correlations between intensities and technical and tactical performance. Thirty-six regional-level male youth soccer players (aged 16.5 ± 0.5 years) participated in a four-week intervention using a non-controlled, repeated-measures design within a single cohort. Players completed 3v3 SSGs under six conditions combining three pitch sizes (75, 100, and 125 m² per player) and two task goals (ball possession vs. small goals). Each session included standardized warm-ups and three 4-minute bouts per condition. Psychophysiological responses were measured via Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and heart rate monitoring (HRmean, % time in Zone 5). Technical actions (passes, receptions, dribbles, shots) and tactical decision-making (Passing Decision-Making index) were assessed through video-based analysis. Significant interactions (p < 0.001) between field size and scoring method were found for HR measures and passing. Ball possession games showed higher HRmean and HR Zone 5 across all field sizes compared to small-goal games (p < 0.001). However, even in small-goal games, HRmean and HR Zone 5 significantly increased with larger field sizes (p < 0.001). Small-goal games resulted in more successful dribbles (p < 0.001), with fewer successful passes on the smallest field. A moderate negative correlation was observed between HRmean and successful shots (r = -0.346, p = 0.039), and between time in HR Zone 5 and the passing decision-making index (r = -0.363, p = 0.029). The study suggests that both field size and scoring method significantly influence players' physiological responses, technical performance, and decision-making. Ball possession games and larger fields increase physical intensity and passing success, while smaller fields and small-goal games promote dribbling. However, higher physiological strain appears to negatively impact shooting effectiveness and decision-making quality, although these correlations are moderate and no definitive conclusions can be drawn or generalized.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"522-531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of High Intensity Interval Training in Normobaric Hypoxia on Aerobic Performance and Exercise-Induced Motor Performance Fatigue in Young Biathletes.","authors":"Aleksandra Żebrowska, Marcin Sikora, Rafał Mikołajczyk, Dagmara Gerasimuk, Mabliny Thuany, Katja Weiss, Beat Knechtle, Barbara Hall","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.613","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in normobaric hypoxia on aerobic performance in young biathlon athletes. In addition, the study aimed to assess the impact of training in hypoxia on the mechanisms of exercise-induced motor performance fatigue. In a randomized, controlled crossover study twelve athletes (age 15.7 ± 1.0 years) completed a HIIT in normobaric hypoxia (hypoxia training) (fraction of inspired oxygen, F_iO₂ = 15.2%) and normoxia (normoxia training) in a randomized order. The HIIT was performed 3 days/week for 6 weeks (3 weeks in hypoxia and 3 weeks in normoxia, with a 3 week wash-out period in between) and consisted of 5 x 4 minutes running (80% of peak oxygen uptake), separated by 3 minutes of active recovery and 4 x 1minute arm cranking (60% peak power), interspersed with a 2 minute rest. Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O_2peak), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pro-inflammatory cytokines, muscle damage biomarkers and total antioxidant status were analyzed before and after both training protocols (HT and NT). A significant effect of hypoxia on V̇O_2peak (ηp² = 0.321, <i>p</i> = 0.044) and hypoxia and training on V̇O₂LT and haemoglobin concentrations (ηp² = 0.689 <i>p</i> = 0.001) were observed. The V̇O_2peak was significantly higher post-HT compared to pre-HT (<i>p</i> < 0.01). A significant effect of oxygen conditions and training on the serum post-exercise VEGF (ηp² = 0.352, <i>p</i> = 0.033) and myoglobin concentrations (ηp² = 0.647 <i>p</i> = 0.001) was found. A significant effect of hypoxia was also observed for cytokines levels: interleukin-6 (ηp² = 0.324 <i>p</i> = 0.042), tumour necrosis factor alpha (ηp² = 0.474 <i>p</i> = 0.009) and transforming growth factor beta (ηp²= 0.410, <i>p</i> = 0.018) with a non-significant effect on antioxidant status. This study shows significant differences in the aerobic performance and biomarkers of muscle damage after exposure to hypoxia training. These findings highlight that HIIT in hypoxia is sufficient to enhance aerobic performance and may also reduce skeletal muscle susceptibility to fatigue in young biathletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"613-625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Jump Performance Through Blood Flow Restriction Squat Exercise: A Muscle Synergy Analysis Using Wavelet Packet Transformation.","authors":"Chenxi Hu, Ning Du, Yanfeng Li, Olivier Girard, Tao Mei","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.578","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore neuromuscular control during blood flow restriction (BFR) squat exercise using wavelet packet transform (WPT) combined with non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). Fifteen resistance-trained males completed four sets of squats at 40% arterial occlusion pressure. Countermovement jump (CMJ) height and reactive strength index modified (RSImod) alongside surface electromyographic activity from eight lower-limb muscles were assessed before after the exercise. CMJ height and RSImod significantly increased post-exercise (P < 0.001, Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.45 and 0.34, respectively). Four muscle synergy modules were consistently identified, though primary muscle contributions shifted across movement phases. The <i>tibialis anterior</i> (TA) was the primary contributor in Synergy1, while the <i>gastrocnemius lateralis</i> (GL) dominated Synergy 2, accompanied by a significant increase in <i>gluteus maximus</i> (GM) weight (P = 0.032). In Synergy 3, the <i>rectus femoris</i> (RF), <i>vastus lateralis</i> (VL), and <i>vastus medialis</i> (VM) were predominant, with significant changes in GM and VM muscle weights (P = 0.013, 0.039). Synergy 4 was characterized by contributions from the <i>semitendinosus</i> (ST), <i>biceps femoris</i> (BF), and GM, with a significant increase in VL muscle weight (P = 0.024). WPT-NMF analysis revealed distinct time-frequency synergy modules in CMJ movements before and after BFR squat exercise. Significant changes in activation weights were observed within the 0-250 Hz range (P < 0.05). BFR squat exercise acutely enhances countermovement jump performance by refining muscle synergy and neuromuscular activation patterns, providing novel insights into neuromuscular control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"578-588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquatic High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Vascular Function, Whereas Aquatic Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Lowers Resting Heart Rate in Overweight and Obese Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Zhendong Yu, Songxing Tang, Min Hu, Jianwei Peng, Qihong Fan, Lu Leng, Dongdong Gao, Jinghui Guo, Haijie Yu, Junhao Huang","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.666","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the effects of 8-week aquatic moderate-intensity continuous training (aMICT) and aquatic high-intensity interval training (aHIIT) on body composition, aerobic fitness, arterial stiffness, and endothelial function in overweight and obese young adults (OOYA). Sixty-one OOYA were randomly assigned to aHIIT, aMICT, or Control group. aHIIT group underwent twelve 30-second exercise bouts with the intensity of 85-95% HR_max, with a 60-second rest between each bout. aMICT group underwent an uninterrupted exercise with the intensity of 70-75% HR_max for 30 minutes. Endothelial function was assessed using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and arterial stiffness was evaluated through pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI). Results revealed that aHIIT but not aMICT decreased ABI and increased FMD and skeletal muscle mass, whereas only aMICT decreased resting heart rate. A positive correlation was found between the change in weight with the change in FMD (r = 0.527, p = 0.020) after aHIIT. Following subgroup analysis, a positive correlation between change in weight and change in FMD was also found in participants with increased skeletal muscle mass in aHIIT group (r = 0.665, p = 0.002). Moreover, the change in VO_2max was positively correlated with the change in FMD (r = 0.568, p < 0.001). In conclusion, both aHIIT and aMICT can raise aerobic capacity among OOYA. Importantly, aHIIT offers a time-efficient option to improve vascular function in OOYA, whereas aMICT may be preferable when the primary goal is to lower resting heart rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"666-675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Different Training Load Parameters on Physical Performance Adaptation in Soccer Players: How Complex Intensities Influence The Magnitude of Adaptations.","authors":"ZhiFeng Xiong","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.475","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to examine how physiological, locomotor, and mechanical load parameters contribute to variations in aerobic, anaerobic, and neuromuscular adaptations in male soccer players. A 12-week cohort study was conducted involving 41 male under-17 soccer players (16.4 ± 0.5 years old). All training sessions and matches were monitored using heart rate (HR) monitors, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and a global positioning system (GPS). The following variables were recorded daily: training impulse (TRIMP), session-RPE, total distance, high speed running (14.0 to 19.9 km/h, HSR), and very high speed running (>20 km/h, VHSR), and the number of accelerations and decelerations. Physical fitness was assessed twice - at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. The assessments included aerobic capacity via the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (YYIRT), anaerobic capacity via the mean sprint time at Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RSAmean), muscle power using the Countermovement Jump (CMJ), and sprint performance measured in a 30-meter sprint. Simple linear regressions showed that both accumulated session-RPE (R² = 0.446, β = 0.668, p < 0.001) and accumulated TRIMP (R² = 0.417, β = 0.646, p < 0.001) were significant positive predictors of YYIRT delta, although explain less than half of variance. A multiple regression analysis revealed that accumulated VHSR significantly predicted RSAmean delta, indicating that higher VHSR values are associated with smaller and improved RSAmean (B = -0.003, p = 0.002), while HSR was not a significant predictor (p = 0.291). These findings suggest that internal load measures (session-RPE, TRIMP) are more strongly associated with aerobic adaptations, while specific external load metrics (e.g., VHSR) better explain RSA changes, highlighting the importance of modifying load monitoring strategies to the specific physiological adaptations targeted. Incorporating individualized load management based on these measures may help maximize performance improvements in practical contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"475-484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}