Santiago Veiga, Sebastian Fischer, Xiao Qiu, Jelena Stosic, Stefan Fuhrmann, Armin Kibele, Claudia Braun
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引用次数: 0
摘要
国际水平的游泳运动员在接力赛中使用的起跑技术存在很大的差异。本研究的目的是分析和比较男子和女子竞技游泳运动员最常用的两种接力赛起跑技术。13名男性和7名女性国家和国际水平的游泳运动员以他们喜欢的接力赛开始进行了几次25米选拔赛(n = 91,短步;N = 54,长步技术)。线性混合模型检验了性别和起跑技术的影响,以5米起跑时间作为协变量。不论性别,长步起跑5米(0.09 s, d = 1.10)和10米起跑(0.09 s, d = 0.39)均快于短步起跑者(p < 0.001)。这是由于i)更长的拦网时间,ii)在腿步中更快的水平速度和更低的峰值力,以及iii)在长步技术中更快的速度和更高的峰值力。在两种接力赛技术中,在所有关键项目中,女性比男性多出0.11 s (d = 1.38)的5米和0.69 s (d = 2.99)的10米(p均< 0.001)(p均< 0.001)。游泳运动员应该利用新的起跳平台,运用长步起跳技术,增加水平位移,同时在离开跳板前提高前进速度。
What Is the Best Step Technique for Swimming Relay Starts?
There is a great heterogeneity in the starting techniques used by international-level swimmers in relay events. The aim of the present study was to analyse and compare the two most commonly used relay start techniques by male and female competitive swimmers. Thirteen males and seven females national and international-level swimmers performed several 25-m trials with their preferred relay start (n = 91, short-step; n = 54, long-step technique). Linear mixed models examined the effects of gender and start technique, with 5-m start times as a covariate. Swimmers performing long-step showed faster 5-m (0.09 s, d = 1.10) and 10-m (0.09 s, d = 0.39) times than those performing short-step starts, regardless of gender (all p < 0.001). This was the result of i) longer block times, ii) faster horizontal velocities with lower peak forces during the leg step and iii) faster velocities with higher peak forces when driving-off the block in the long-step technique. In both relay techniques, females showed 0.11 s (d = 1.38) longer 5-m and 0.69 s (d = 2.99) longer 10-m (both p < 0.001) times compared to males with longer block times and slower velocities in all key events. Swimmers should take advantage of the new starting platforms to apply long-step start techniques that increase horizontal displacement but also forward velocity before leaving the block.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (JSSM) is a non-profit making scientific electronic journal, publishing research and review articles, together with case studies, in the fields of sports medicine and the exercise sciences. JSSM is published quarterly in March, June, September and December. JSSM also publishes editorials, a "letter to the editor" section, abstracts from international and national congresses, panel meetings, conferences and symposia, and can function as an open discussion forum on significant issues of current interest.