Journal of Sports Science and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Comparing The Effects of Maximal Strength Training, Plyometric Training, and Muscular Endurance Training on Swimming-Specific Performance Measures: A Randomized Parallel Controlled Study in Young Swimmers.","authors":"LiuXi Yang, BingHong Gao, Yu Chen, Qi Xu, JiuShu Zhou, Qi Tang","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.128","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to compare the effects of maximal strength training (MST), plyometric training (PT), and muscular endurance training (MET) on starting performance and swimming performance at 25- and 50-meters freestyle. A randomized parallel controlled study was conducted involving twenty-seven high-level university swimmers (Tier 2), both men and women (age: 20.2 ± 1.1 years). The training interventions lasted six weeks, with each training group participating twice a week. MST involved resistance training at 80-95% of one maximum repetition, while PT included maximal eccentric-concentric quick movements. MET, considered as a control group, consisted of free-weight exercises or light loads performed multiple times. The swimmers were assessed before, during (in the 3rd week), and after the interventions by measuring their start performance based on takeoff distance and time at the 15-meter mark. Swimming performance was assessed through the following tests: 25-meter freestyle kicking (without stroking), 25-meter freestyle stroke (without kicking), and 25-meter and 50-meter freestyle sprints. The mixed ANCOVA, using pre-evaluation scores as covariates, revealed that after the intervention, MST was significantly better than MET in start flight distance (p = 0.021), 15-meter start time (p < 0.001), 25-meter freestyle kick (p < 0.001), 25-meter freestyle stroke (p < 0.001), 25-meter freestyle (p = 0.004), and 50-meter freestyle (p < 0.001). PT was also significantly better than MET in 15-meter start time (p = 0.004), 25-meter freestyle kick (p = 0.011), 25-meter freestyle stroke (p < 0.001), and 50-meter freestyle (p = 0.014). After the intervention, no significant differences were found between MST and PT, although some differences were observed during the mid-evaluation. The conclusions reveal that, although all groups showed significant improvement in performance, MST and PT exhibited significantly better results compared to MET in enhancing sprint freestyle performance overall.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"128-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine Exerts Neither Ergogenic nor Hypoalgesic Effects on Sprint Interval Exercise with Intensive Exercise-Induced Muscle Pain.","authors":"Teppei Matsumura, Yuya Sakai, Kazushi Fukuzawa, Chihiro Kojima, Takeshi Hashimoto","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.1","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sprint interval exercise can cause transient, intense exercise-induced pain (EIP) during and several minutes after the activity. A hypoalgesic strategy for high-intensity exercise, such as sprint interval exercise, against EIP is necessary to maintain exercise habituation and improve training quality/exercise performance. Preexercise caffeine supplementation, a well-known ergogenic strategy, may improve sprint performance and alleviate EIP as the hypoalgesic strategy. However, whether preexercise caffeine supplementation exhibits both the ergogenic effect on sprint interval performance and the hypoalgesic effect on intensive EIP during and several minutes after high intensity sprint interval exercise remains unknown, and thus we investigated to clarify those points. In this double-blind, randomized, crossover trial, sixteen male collegiate athletes performed 3 sets of 30-sec all-out Wingate pedaling exercises at 2-min intervals. Participants ingested 6 mg·kg^-1 caffeine or placebo via capsules at 60 min prior to exercise. Quadriceps EIP was measured using a visual analogue scale during and up to 20 min after exercise. The results showed that caffeine did not significantly affect peak or mean power during sprint interval exercise (peak power: <i>P</i> = 0.196, η_p ² = 0.11, mean power: <i>P</i> = 0.157, η_p ² = 0.13; interaction). No significant interactions were also found for quadriceps EIP during (<i>P</i> = 0.686, η_p ² = 0.03) and immediately after exercise (<i>P</i> = 0.112, η_p ² = 0.12), nor for changes in physiological responses (blood lactate and ammonia concentrations) and caffeine-induced side effects (all <i>P</i> > 0.05). In conclusion, caffeine had no ergogenic or hypoalgesic effects on sprint interval exercise with intensive EIP.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Aerobic or Strength Training in Elderly with Cognitive Decline: The Fit4Alz Project.","authors":"Ana Filipa Silva, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Mafalda Sofia Roriz, José Alberto Azevedo, Olivera Jovanovic, Marko Adamovic, Aleksandar Bozic, Rui Silva","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.172","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine the effects of aerobic and strength training methodologies, either combined with or without cognitive training, on mitigating cognitive decline. A total of 154 subjects were recruited (72.8 ± 6.1 years, 69% females) and were divided into four groups: i) strength plus cognitive training (STCT, n = 56); ii) strength training (ST, n = 23); iii) aerobic training (AT, n = 41); and iv) aerobic plus cognitive training (ATCT, n = 34). Subjects were previously cognitively assessed and showed cognitive decline (less than 26 points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA). For 12 weeks, all groups performed 3 times a week, for 60 minutes, a training program corresponding to their attributed group. The MoCA test and the Senior Fitness test were applied at the beginning and the end of the intervention. A repeated-measures ANCOVA revealed significant time-by-group interactions for physical performance measures, including the 2-minute step-in-place (p = 0.026), arm curl (p < 0.001), chair sit-and-reach (p < 0.001), back-scratch (p < 0.001), 8-foot up-and-go (p < 0.001), and 6-minute walk tests (p < 0.001). However, no significant improvements were observed for cognitive function (MoCA, p = 0.242) or lower body strength (chair stand, p = 0.411). The AT group showed greater improvements in upper body strength compared to STCT and ST (p < 0.001; d = 0.698; p = 0.004; d = 0.598), while STCT significantly improved flexibility compared to ATCT (p < 0.001; d = 1.049). ATCT had the greatest improvements in aerobic endurance compared to STCT and ST (p = 0.004; d = 0.133; p < 0.001; d = 0.350). It was demonstrated that aerobic and strength training significantly improved overall physical performance in elderly individuals. However, no significant effects were observed on cognitive performance. Although these findings suggest that both aerobic and strength exercise, with or without cognitive training, improve overall physical fitness, further research is needed to determine its impact on cognitive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"172-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidation of The Effect of Flossing on Improving Joint Range of Motion.","authors":"Toshihiro Maemichi, Yuki Ogawa, Kazuki Wakamiya, Ryusei Yamaguchi, Hideaki Nagamoto, Tsukas Kumai","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.75","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flossing has been hypothesized to improve joint range of motion (flexibility), potentially through enhanced fascial gliding, although this mechanism remains speculative. This study aimed to clarify the effect of flossing, a new type of myofascial release, on joint range of motion by focusing on tissue gliding properties. This study involved 14 healthy participants (aged 18-25 years) who performed two types of active exercises with floss bands wrapped around their lower legs. As a control, the participants performed the same active exercises on different days without floss bands. Measurements taken before and after the intervention included ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, ankle plantar flexion maximum voluntary contraction, medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle thickness using ultrasound, and fascial hardness at five locations according to depth. Lower leg flossing significantly increased ankle dorsiflexion range of motion by 28.3 ± 19.9% (control: 14.6 ± 12.4%, P = 0.04, d = 0.83). No significant changes were observed in maximum voluntary plantar flexion contraction or overall muscle and fascial hardness. However, the rate of change in hardness showed a trend toward reduction in the superficial fascia and the upper and middle gastrocnemius muscles, with the upper gastrocnemius muscle exhibiting a statistically significant decrease in hardness (P = 0.05). Flossing showed trends toward reducing superficial muscle and fascial hardness, particularly in the superficial fascia and the upper gastrocnemius muscle, although not all changes were statistically significant. This suggests that potential improvements in intertissue gliding around the fascia could contribute to an increased range of motion.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative Age Effect Among World-Class Jump Athletes.","authors":"Yulin Xia, Hui Zhang","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.9","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relative age effect (RAE), as a widely recognized phenomenon in the field of sports, reveals the bias in talent selection across various sporting disciplines and the neglect of certain potentially gifted athletes. The study aims to analyze RAE incidence and athletic performance among the top 100 world-ranked high jump and long jump athletes, as well as to examine the differences across the five continents. Finally, successful professional athletes are divided into two groups, namely the \"All-Phase Success (AS)\" and the \"Senior Success (SS)\" based on their success during their youth. A comparison is made between the performance and age differences of these two groups. The results indicate: 1) the RAE is present across all age groups (U18, U20, Senior) and both sexes in the high jump and long jump events (except for the senior male high jump). 2) Athletes in the AS group are consistently 2-3 years younger at each key stage of their athletic careers compared to those in the SS group. 3) Relatively younger athletes exhibit higher transition rates during their youth period compared to relatively older athletes. However, despite the larger number of relatively older athletes, AS athletes still outperform SS athletes in high jump and long jump events.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"9-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Physical Fitness Adaptations Induced by Small-Sided Soccer Games with and Without Ball Touch Limitations: A Randomized Parallel and Controlled Study.","authors":"XiaoYuan Wen, FaMing Song, XiangYun Zeng, XiaoJu Lai, Yu Zhou","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.217","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While ball touch limitations are frequently implemented in small-sided games (SSGs) to alter physiological and physical responses, existing research has yet to assess their medium-term impact on physical fitness adaptations. This study aimed to compare the effects of SSGs with ball touch limitations (limitedBT) versus free play (freeBT) on adaptations in linear speed, anaerobic power, and aerobic performance. In this randomized parallel controlled trial, 47 youth male soccer players (16.6 ± 0.6 years) were randomly assigned to limitedBT (n = 16), freeBT (n = 16), or a control group (n = 15). Over six weeks, participants in the experimental group attended three additional SSG sessions per week, lasting 12 to 20 minutes, with formats including 4v4, 3v3, 5v5, and 2v2, where the only difference between groups was that the freeBT group had no ball touch limitations, while the limitedBT group did; the control group only participated in regular training. Players were assessed at baseline and post-intervention for linear speed over 10 and 30 meters, anaerobic power performance using the Repeated Sprint Ability Test (RAST), and aerobic performance using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test (YYIRT). While at the baseline, no differences were found between groups, following the intervention, significant differences between the groups were observed in the YYIRT (<i>p <</i> 0.001; <i>η_p ²</i> = 0.278), 10-m sprint time (<i>p <</i> 0.001; <i>η_p ²</i> = 0.367), RAST total time (<i>p <</i> 0.001; <i>η_p ²</i> = 0.367) and RAST initial-final decline (<i>p<</i>0.001; <i>η_p ²</i> = 0.274). In the case of YYIRT, the control group showed significantly lower values post-intervention compared to both freeBT (<i>p</i> = 0.048) and limitedBT (<i>p</i> < 0.001). For the 10-meter sprint time, limitedBT demonstrated significantly faster times than both freeBT (<i>p</i> = 0.045) and control (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while freeBT was also significantly faster than control (<i>p</i> = 0.042). Regarding RAST total time, limitedBT recorded significantly better times than both freeBT (<i>p</i> = 0.042) and control (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with freeBT also outperforming control (<i>p</i> = 0.045). Finally, in the RAST initial-final decline, the control group performed significantly worse than both limitedBT (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and freeBT (<i>p</i> = 0.034). In conclusion, this study found that limitedBT effectively enhances anaerobic and short-distance sprint performance, while both limitedBT and freeBT formats similarly improve aerobic capacity, suggesting that incorporating ball touch conditions into training can optimize overall player fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"217-226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining HIIT with Small-Sided Soccer Games Enhances Cardiometabolic and Physical Fitness More Than Each Alone in Overweight Youth: A Randomized Controlled Study.","authors":"Bo Zheng, Qi Xu, Jie Zhang","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.104","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to compare the effects of a combined high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and small-sided games (SSG) training program (SSG + HIIT) with training programs consisting solely of either HIIT or SSG on the cardiometabolic and physical fitness of sedentary, overweight youth. A randomized, parallel-controlled study design was employed, with interventions lasting six weeks (twice a week, with each work time lasting 12-16 minutes). Fifty-seven sedentary, overweight male youth participants (15.1 ± 0.8 years) were assessed twice on anthropometric measures, blood pressure, endurance (using the Multi-Stage Fitness Test, MSFT), muscle power (countermovement jump and broad jump), and change of direction ability (using the 5-0-5 COD test). The session's ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and scores on the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) were also monitored. The HIIT group exhibited a significantly smaller waist circumference compared to the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.041) after the intervention. The control group exhibited a significantly worst COD deficit compared to the SSG + HIIT (<i>p</i> = 0.002), SSG (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and HIIT (<i>p</i> = 0.048) after the intervention. In the case of MSFT, the group exhibited a significantly smaller distance covered than SSG + HIIT (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and SSG (<i>p</i> = 0.005). Moreover, significant differences on RPE (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and PACES (<i>p</i> < 0.001) was found between groups. The SSG + HIIT or SSG are effective for improving COD and aerobic capacity, while being more enjoyable and less intense than HIIT alone. However, HIIT is more effective in reducing waist circumference. The research limitations include the short intervention duration, lack of control for diet and external factors, and the need for longer-term research.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"104-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"60-Second Static Stretching of Lower Limb Muscles Disrupts Muscular Performance and Control in Active Male Adults.","authors":"Weishuai Guo, Youngsuk Kim, Junsig Wang, Tengfei Dong, Xuan Tang, Sukwon Kim","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.195","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of 60-second static stretching on the neuromuscular control strategies of lower limb muscles during a squat jump (SJ), with a specific focus on changes in muscle synergy patterns, muscle weightings, and temporal activation characteristics. The muscles targeted for stretching included the quadriceps, hamstrings, and triceps surae. Electromyography (EMG) was used to assess the activity of the biceps femoris (BFL), triceps surae(TS), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis (VM). Twenty-five active males completed experiments under both a static stretching condition (SS) and a non-stretching condition (NS). Electromyography and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) were employed to extract muscle synergy and the muscle weightings along with temporal activation characteristics were subsequently analyzed. The results revealed two distinct muscle synergy patterns in both the SS and NS. 60-second static stretching had no significant impact on the number of muscle synergy patterns during the squat jump. However, it significantly altered the contribution and temporal activation characteristics of individual muscles. Notably, post-stretching muscle activation levels were lower during the early phase of the jump, necessitating compensatory activation in the later phase to maintain performance. Additionally, jump heights were significantly lower in the stretched compared to the non-stretched condition.These findings suggest that while 60 seconds of static stretching before explosive movements may impair neuromuscular efficiency, ensuring proper and balanced static stretching for all muscle groups could help mitigate over-reliance on individual muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"195-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequencing Effects of Concurrent Resistance and Short Sprint Interval Training on Physical Fitness, and Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance of Karate Athletes.","authors":"Yifan Xu, Shimeng Wang","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2025.205","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2025.205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an 8-week concurrent training (CT) program that combined short sprint interval training (sSIT) and resistance training (RT) in alternating sequences (i.e., sSIT + RT or RT + sSIT) on the physical fitness, aerobic capacity, and anaerobic performance of male karate athletes, in comparison to each training intervention conducted independently. Forty national-level young male athletes volunteered to participate in this study and were divided into sSIT, RT, sSIT + RT, RT + sSIT, and active control (CG) groups, each group consisted of eight athletes and performed 3 days of weekly training intervention including 4 sets of 5 repetitions of 5 seconds of all-out running for sSIT program and also back squats, leg presses, seated knee flexions, and calf raises for 3 sets of 6-12 repetition maximum for the RT intervention. After the intervention, the sSIT, RT, sSIT + RT and RT + sSIT groups demonstrated improvements in the countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) (effect size [ES] = 0.64, 0.88, 1.58, 1.55), 20-m sprint (ES = -0.82, -0.62, -1.10, -1.16), 4 × 9-m shuttle run (ES = -0.62, -0.35, -1.15, -0.89), strength (ES = 0.19, 0.44, 0.34, 0.43), peak (ES = 1.27, 0.73, 1.80, 1.53), and mean power output (ES = 0.87, 0.54, 1.37, 1.11), as well as in comparison to the CG (p < 0.05), respectively. Additionally, improvements in aerobic performance were observed in the sSIT, sSIT + RT, and RT + sSIT groups (ES = 0.75, 0.92, 0.62) after the training intervention, and in comparison to CG (p < 0.05), while the RT group did not show significant changes post-training. By comparing the CT groups, no sequencing effects were observed in the adaptations of variables between the sSIT + RT vs. RT + sSIT groups. In conclusion, this study's findings demonstrate that sSIT, RT, and CT with different orders have a positive impact on inducing adaptations in physical fitness, aerobic and anaerobic performance. Additionally, combining sSIT and RT resulted in further adaptations in karate athletes without any differences between CT groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"205-216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Cardiometabolic Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yuan Song, Huihui Lan","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2024.690","DOIUrl":"10.52082/jssm.2024.690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions are typically prescribed according to several laboratory-based parameters and fixed reference intensities to accurately calibrate exercise intensity. Repeated <i>all-out</i> printing efforts, or sprint interval training, is another form of HIIT that is prescribed without individual reference intensity as it is performed in maximal intensities. No previous study has performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of HIIT and SIT on cardiometabolic health markers in children and adolescents. Moreover, previous studies have focused on single risk factors and exercise modalities, which may restrict their ability to capture a complete picture of the factors that could be affected by different interval interventions. The present study aimed to conduct a novel meta-analysis on the effects of HIIT and SIT on multiple cardiometabolic health markers in children and adolescents. An electronic search was conducted in three main online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to July 2024 to identify randomized and non-randomized control trials comparing HIIT and SIT versus the non-exercise control group in children and adolescents with mean age ranges from 6 to 18 years old on cardiometabolic health markers including fasting glucose and insulin, insulin resistance, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), systolic blood (SBP) and diastolic blood (DBP) pressures. Standardized mean differences (SMD), weighted mean differences (WMD), and confidence were calculated using a random effect model. HIIT decreased insulin, insulin resistance, TG, TC, LDL, and SBP and increased HDL but did not decrease glucose and DBP. Furthermore, subgroup analyses show that insulin and insulin resistance were decreased by sprint interval training (SIT) and in those with obesity. Lipid profile mainly is improved by SIT and in those with obesity. Also, SBP was decreased by SIT and in those with obesity. Our results prove that HIIT is an effective intervention for improving cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents, mainly those with obesity. Specifically, SIT is an effective interval training mode in children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":54765,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"23 4","pages":"690-706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142803490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}