Landscape Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Scale of effect of landscape patterns on resource selection by bobcats (Lynx rufus) in a multi-use rangeland system","authors":"Aidan B. Branney, Amanda M. Veals Dutt, Zachary M. Wardle, Evan P. Tanner, Michael E. Tewes, Michael J. Cherry","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01944-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01944-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>There is a growing appreciation that wildlife behavioral responses to environmental conditions are scale-dependent and that identifying the scale where the effect of an environmental variable on a behavior is the strongest (i.e., scale of effect) can reveal how animals perceive and respond to their environment. In South Texas, brush management often optimizes agricultural and wildlife management objectives through the precise interspersion of vegetation types creating novel environments which likely affect animal behavior at multiple scales. There is a lack of understanding of how and at what scales this management regime and associated landscape patterns influence wildlife.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Our objective was to examine the scale at which landscape patterns had the strongest effect on wildlife behavior. Bobcats (<i>Lynx rufus</i>) our model species, are one of the largest obligated carnivores in the system, and have strong associations with vegetation structure and prey density, two aspects likely to influenced by landscape patterns. We conducted a multiscale resource selection analysis to identify the characteristic scale where landscape patterns had the strongest effect on resource selection.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We examined resource selection within the home range for 9 bobcats monitored from 2021 to 2022 by fitting resource selection functions which included variables representing landcover, water, energy infrastructure, and landscape metrics (edge density, patch density, and contagion). We fit models using landscape metrics calculated at 10 different scales and compared model performance to identify the scale of effect of landscape metrics on resource selection.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The scale of effect of landscape metrics occurred at finer scales. The characteristic scale for edge density and patch density was 30 m (the finest scale examined), and the characteristic scale for contagion occurred at 100 m. Bobcats avoided locations with high woody patch density and selected for greater woody edge density and contagion. Bobcats selected areas closer to woody vegetation and water bodies while avoiding herbaceous cover and energy development infrastructure.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>A key step in understanding the effect of human development and associated landscape patterns on animal behavior is the identifying the scale of effect. We found support for our hypothesis that resource selection would be most strongly affected by landscape configuration at finer scales. Our study demonstrates the importance of cross-scale comparisons when examining the effects of landscape attributes on animal behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graph-theoretic modeling reveals connectivity hotspots for herbivorous reef fishes in a restored tropical island system","authors":"Emily A. Peterson, Courtney E. Stuart, Simon J. Pittman, Cassandra E. Benkwitt, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Yadvinder Malhi, Teva Salmon, Benoit Stoll, Sam J. Purkis, Lisa M. Wedding","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01936-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01936-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Seascape connectivity refers to how the spatial configuration of marine habitats facilitates or hinders the movement of organisms, nutrients, materials or energy. Predicting and ranking potential connectivity among habitat patches for coral reef fishes helps to understand how reef fishes could utilize and connect multiple habitat types through the flow of nutrients, energy and biomass across the wider seascape during foraging movements.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>To advance a spatially explicit understanding of connectivity linkages within a tropical atoll system by modeling, mapping and quantifying potential seascape connectivity for two locally abundant herbivorous reef fish species, the parrotfish, <i>Chlorurus spilurus</i> (pahoro hohoni or pa’ati pa’apa’a auahi), and the surgeonfish, <i>Acanthurus triostegus</i> (manini)<i>.</i></p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We applied a two-step modeling approach by first mapping habitat suitability for the focal species. A graph-theoretic modeling technique was then applied to model and measure the contribution of benthic habitat patches to species-specific potential connectivity within the seascape.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Habitat suitability was higher and less fragmented for <i>C. spilurus</i> than for <i>A. triostegus.</i> Potential ecological connectivity estimates for <i>C. spilurus</i> were higher across the entire seascape, with differences between species likely driven by local-scale benthic habitat patch configuration and species home ranges. Hotspots of ecological connectivity across the atoll were mapped for both species.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Despite advances in the application of graph-theoretic techniques in the coastal environment, few marine conservation and restoration measures currently integrate spatial information on ecological connectivity. This two-step spatial modeling approach holds great potential for rapid application of connectivity modeling at multiple spatial scales, which may predict ecological responses to conservation actions including active habitat restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why some countries but not others? Urbanisation, GDP and endemic disease predict global SARS-CoV-2 excess mortality patterns","authors":"Nicholas M. Fountain-Jones, Michael Charleston, Emily J. Flies, Scott Carver, Luke A. Yates","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01912-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01912-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>The global impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been uneven, with some regions experiencing significant excess mortality while others have been relatively unaffected. Yet factors which predict this variation remain enigmatic, particularly at large spatial scales.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We aimed to uncover the key drivers of excess mortality across countries and regions to help understand the factors contributing to the varied impacts of the pandemic worldwide.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We used spatially explicit Bayesian models that integrate environmental, socio-demographic and endemic disease data at the country level to provide robust global estimates of excess SARS-CoV-2 mortality (P-scores) for the years 2020 and 2021.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We find that urbanization, gross domestic product (GDP) and spatial patterns are strong predictors of excess mortality, with countries characterized by low GDP but high urbanization experiencing the highest levels of excess mortality. Intriguingly, we also observed that the prevalence of malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are associated with country-level SARS-CoV-2 excess mortality in Africa and the Western Pacific, whereby countries with low HIV prevalence but high malaria prevalence tend to have lower levels of excess mortality. While these associations are correlative in nature at the macro-scale, they emphasize that patterns of endemic disease and socio-demographic factors are needed to understand the global dynamics of SARS-CoV-2.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our study identifies factors associated with variation in excess mortality across countries, providing insights into why some were more impacted by the pandemic than others. By understanding these predictors, we can better inform global outbreak management strategies, such as targeting medical resources to highly urban countries with low GDP and high HIV prevalence to reduce mortality during future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"295 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uniqueness of tree stand composition and soil microbial communities are related across urban spruce-dominated forests","authors":"Aku Korhonen, Oskar Katavisto, Sylwia Adamczyk, Bartosz Adamczyk, Leena Hamberg","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01956-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01956-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Urban forest soils represent significant reservoirs of biodiversity in cities. Retaining this diversity under urban land-use change requires understanding on how species richness, community assembly and uniqueness of species assemblages are related to local forest characteristics and surrounding landscape structure.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Our aim was to assess the significance and relative importance of logging history, tree species composition and urbanization in shaping soil microbial communities across urban spruce-dominated forest landscapes. We investigated responses of microbial diversity from three complementary viewpoints: local diversity, community assembly patterns and community uniqueness.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We collected soil bacterial and fungal metabarcoding data from 73 spruce-dominated forest sites distributed in three urban centers across southern Finland. We related these data to measurements of logging intensity, tree species composition and degree of urbanization.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Logging intensity, tree species composition and urbanization affected site-scale microbial diversity, but the effects varied between microbial groups. Only logging intensity had a significant imprint on microbial assembly, and this effect was restricted to bacteria. Relative uniqueness of microbial assemblages at the landscape-scale was coupled with the uniqueness of tree species composition in all microbial groups, and further affected by tree diversity in saprotrophic fungi and urbanization in ectomycorrhizal fungi.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>In the context of urban spruce-dominated forests, locally diverse tree stands are not necessarily the same as those that contribute the most to landscape-scale diversity. Identifying and preserving contrasting tree stand structures, which support distinctive soil microbial assemblages, may be the winning strategy in maintaining a wide range of soil microbial diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141887003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land-cover gradients determine alternate drivers of mammalian species richness in fragmented landscapes","authors":"M. Dennis, J. J. Huck, C. D. Holt, P. da Conceição Bispo, E. McHenry, A. Speak, P. James","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01952-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01952-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Understanding habitat fragmentation is a critical concern for nature conservation and the focus of intense debate in landscape ecology. Resolving the uncertainty around the effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity remains an ongoing challenge that requires the successful delineation of multiple patch-landscape interactions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We carried out a regional analysis on species richness of woodland mammals to determine the relative influence of structural, compositional and functional characteristics related to woodland habitat across different land-cover gradients.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We calculated the Edge-weighted Habitat Index, an area-weighted measure of functional connectivity that incorporates a mechanistic estimate of edge-effects, for interior woodland habitat. We compared its influence on mammalian species richness to that of increasing edge and patch density, landscape diversity, and a habitat-only model, in different contexts of matrix hostility across Northern England in the UK.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our results demonstrate the relevance of alternative drivers of species richness resulting from patch-landscape interactions across gradients of matrix hostility. Evidence is provided for positive and negative effects of increasing structural (edge density), functional (connected interior habitat) and compositional (landscape diversity) attributes, varying according to matrix type and intensity. Results were sensitive to dominant land-cover types in the matrix and the scale of observation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This study provides new insights into fragmentation effects on biodiversity and clarifies assumptions around the relative influence of structural, compositional and functional habitat characteristics on landscape-level species richness. We highlight the presence of thresholds, related to matrix hostility, that determine alternative drivers of species richness in woodland mammals. These drivers, and related thresholds, were sensitive to the scale of observation and landscape context. Landscape decisions aimed at promoting biodiversity should consider sources of matrix hostility and homogeneity at scales relevant to ecological processes of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local factors have a greater influence on the abundance of alfalfa weevil and its larval parasitoids than landscape complexity in heterogeneous landscapes","authors":"Alexandre Levi-Mourao, Roberto Meseguer, Filipe Madeira, José Antonio Martinez-Casasnovas, Alejandro C. Costamagna, Xavier Pons","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01949-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01949-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>The alfalfa weevil <i>Hypera postica</i> Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the most destructive pests of alfalfa worldwide. Both local and landscape-scale factors can significantly influence crop pests, natural enemies, and the effectiveness of biological control services, but the relative influence of these factors is unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We investigated the influence of the local variables and surrounding landscape composition and configuration on the abundance of alfalfa weevil, and on the abundance and parasitism rates of its larval parasitoids, <i>Bathyplectes</i> spp.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We sampled 65 commercial alfalfa fields along the Ebro Basin, Spain, over a period of 3 years, recording the field characteristics and landscape structure at three buffer radii of 250, 500 and 1000 m from the center of each field.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The abundance of weevil larvae was positively associated with the field perimeter and with the uncut alfalfa surrounding the pipes of the sprinkler irrigation system, but only one configuration variable was positively correlated: the alfalfa edge density. No local characteristics or landscape structures were associated with the abundance of adult weevils. The abundance of <i>Bathyplectes</i> spp. adults was positively associated to local factors such as the densities of alfalfa weevils and aphids. Few landscape structure variables, such as alfalfa edge density and Simpson’s Diversity Index, had explanatory value only at 250 m buffer radius. The rate of larval parasitism was affected by local variables, such as alfalfa weevil abundance and field age.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our results provide, for the first time in the Mediterranean region and Europe, evidence of the relative importance of landscape structure and local factors on the abundance of the alfalfa weevil and its larval parasitoids, <i>Bathyplectes</i> spp. The strongest influences were based on local characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable urban planning to control flood exposure in the coastal zones of China","authors":"Yijing Wu, Jingwei Li, Haoyuan Wu, Yongqiang Duan, Hanru Shen, Shiqiang Du","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01951-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01951-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Sustainable development in coastal zones faces escalating flood risk in the context of climate change and urbanization, and the rapid urban growth in flood zones has been one of the key drivers. Therefore, understanding the Urban Exposure to Flooding (UEF) and its future scenarios is important in coastal zones.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>The objectives of this study were: (1) to assess the future dynamics of UEFs in China's coastal zones, and (2) to identify a sustainable way of urban planning in controlling the growth of UEFs.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Future UEFs in coastal China were assessed during 2020–2050 by combining urban expansion model, scenario analysis, and flood exposure assessment. Alternative scenarios were considered of shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), representative concentration pathways (RCPs), strategies of urban planning.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results show that the 1000-year flood UEFs along coastal China was expected to grow under SSP2-RCP4.5 from 9,879 km² in 2020 to 13,424 (12,997–13,981) km² in 2050, representing an increment of 35.88% (31.56%–41.52%). Alternatively, the strategy of sustainable development planning could reduce the newly added UEF by 16.98% (15.63%–18.67%) in a 1000-year flood scenario.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The findings proved that the ways of urban growth matters in terms of affecting food exposure and risk and flood risk should be incorporated into urban planning for a sustainable landscape. The study could offer methodology and support for sustainable development strategies in reducing future urban flood risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"22 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"multilandr: an R package for multi-scale landscape analysis","authors":"Pablo Yair Huais","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01930-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01930-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Typical landscape-scale studies comprise the delimitation of landscapes followed by the calculation of one or more landscape metrics. Performing an analysis at multiple spatial scales is often required, occasionally followed by the selection of a particular scale according to the response variable of interest. More complex research goals might require a thorough inspection of landscapes, plus a selection of landscapes that would fulfill certain conditions regarding their landscape metrics. These tasks can usually be programmatically challenging, especially if multiple spatial scales are being analyzed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>The R package <i>multilandr</i> builds on several spatial-oriented R packages to provide a toolbox to develop and inspect multi-scale landscapes based on simple spatial inputs.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods and results</h3><p>The package delivers functions to calculate metrics within a multi-scale framework. Also, it provides several utility functions to visualize correlations between metrics, filter landscapes that fulfill certain predefined conditions or select a wide-range gradient of landscapes for a given metric, among other useful tasks. This paper introduces the functionality of <i>multilandr</i> through a step-by-step instruction guide and case studies.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The R package <i>multilandr</i> provides a set of functions to facilitate typical methodological workflow of landscape-scale studies in the R environment, for both beginner and expert R users. It provides the functionality to perform a systematic filtering and selection of landscapes according to a given experimental design. The package is especially programmed to develop multi-scale designs but is also useful for the calculation of metrics of a set of landscapes from any GIS-related project.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change may impact habitat complementation and cause disassociation for mobile species","authors":"Nicholas L. James, Graeme S. Cumming","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01935-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01935-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>As complementary terrestrial and aquatic habitats are pulled apart by environmental change, animals will have to adjust their behaviours to successfully track their fundamental niches. We introduce a novel example of how climate change impacts can drive separation between complementary foraging and breeding habitats in seabirds.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We evaluated how Black Noddies (<i>Anous minutus</i>) modified their movement behaviour across the seascape to access complementary habitat types during a period of local food scarcity; and whether this influenced their breeding success.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We quantified characteristics of foraging behaviour relating to energy consumption (time, distance and area covered) over four breeding seasons for Black Noddies (<i>A. minutus</i>) and compared favourable years (2019, 2020 and 2021) to an unfavourable year (2022). We also quantified and compared chick health and survival rates over the same period.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In 2022, severe reduction in local food abundance on Heron Island led breeding Black Noddies to forage further by an order of magnitude, utilizing a remote wooded island (Bushy Islet) as an overnight roosting location. This was a novel and completely unexpected response to the altered environmental conditions. At the same time, 2022 saw significant increases in chick mortality and decreases in chick health compared to other years.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>We show how a growing mismatch between nesting, roosting, and foraging sites pushed individuals in a breeding tropical seabird population to extend their foraging range by an order of magnitude, with direct negative consequences for juveniles. Our findings highlight the need to explicitly consider habitat complementation in land- and seascape conservation initiatives and planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fragments maintain similar herpetofauna and small mammal richness and diversity to continuous habitat, but community composition and traits differ","authors":"Dylan M. Westaway, Chris J. Jolly, David M. Watson, Tim S. Jessop, Damian R. Michael, Grant D. Linley, Anna Aristova, Ben Holmes, Jodi N. Price, Euan G. Ritchie, William L. Geary, Anne Buchan, Ella Loeffler, Dale G. Nimmo","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01927-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01927-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Human disturbance has transformed ecosystems globally, yet studies of the ecological impact of landscape modification are often confounded. Non-random patterns of land clearing cause differing vegetation types and soil productivity between fragments in modified landscapes and reference areas—like national parks—with which they are compared.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We sought to explore the influence of land modification on herpetofauna and small mammal communities using multiple biodiversity measures—species richness and diversity, individual species abundance, and community composition. We also aimed to investigate the role of traits such as diet, habitat breadth, and litter size in moderating species responses to land modification.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We established 100 sampling sites to survey herpetofauna and small mammals in 11 fragments in an agricultural landscape compared to 11 ecologically equivalent ‘pseudo-fragments’ in a nearby national park in south-eastern Australia. We selected pairs of fragments and pseudo-fragments of the same size and vegetation type, and used identical survey methods to sample pairs simultaneously, thereby controlling for numerous confounding factors, such as differing vegetation type, weather, and survey effort.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Species richness and diversity were similar between fragments and pseudo-fragments. Despite this, we found community composition differed markedly—driven by the varying responses of individual species—indicating a shift in fauna communities associated with land modification. Fossorial habit, omnivorous diet, and broad habitat requirements led to higher abundance in fragments whilst arboreality, carnivorous diet, and narrow habitat requirements led to higher abundance in pseudo-fragments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Although fragments hold similar numbers of species to continuous areas, they contain distinct and novel communities, and sustain high abundances of some species. These diverse communities are dominated by native species, including threatened species, and their distinctive composition is shaped by traits conducive to persistence amidst land modification. These novel communities may provide a reservoir of resilience in the face of environmental change and should be viewed as complementary to conservation areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}