Landscape Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Coffee pollination and pest control are affected by edge diversity at local scales but multiscalar approaches and disservices can not be ignored","authors":"Camila Hohlenwerger, Rebecca Spake, Leandro R. Tambosi, Natalia Aristizábal, Adrian González-Chaves, Felipe Librán-Embid, Fernanda Saturni, Felix Eigenbrod, Jean-Paul Metzger","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01869-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01869-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Managing landscapes to increase multiple services provision in search of higher agricultural yield can be an alternative to agricultural intensification. Nonetheless, to properly guide management, we need to better understand how landscape structure affects multiple services at different scales.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Focused on synergies and trade-offs in real-world landscapes, we investigated how and at which scale landscape features related to the supply, demand and flow of services act as a common driver of pollination and pest control in coffee plantations.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Considering landscapes in an important coffee-producing region in Brazil, we tested the effects of <i>forest</i> and <i>coffee cover</i>, <i>distance to forest</i>, <i>forest-coffee edge density</i> and <i>coffee edge diversity</i> at multiple scales on pollination and pest control by birds, bats and ants.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Coffee edge diversity (number of land uses in contact with coffee) was an important driver of pollination and pest control, being consistently relevant at local scales (up to 300 m). However, services were also affected by other landscape features and the ‘scale of effect’ of these relationships varied. Additionally, results show the complex nature of pest control once the direction of effect revealed services and disservices.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Besides reinforcing the importance of known landscape effects, this study adds to previous studies by showcasing the relevance of diverse land uses around coffee crops as a common driver of pollination and pest control provision by different species. Moreover, we highlight how understanding the combined local and landscape effects may aid in offsetting disservices and tackling the variety of ‘scales of effect’ found.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China’s safe and just space during 40 years of rapid urbanization and changing policies","authors":"Hongyan Bian, Jie Gao, Yanxu Liu, Dewei Yang, Jianguo Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01868-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01868-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;China’s high-speed economic development was accompanied by rapid urbanization for forty years, guided by a series of changing policies enacted by the central government. However, did China become more sustainable both economically and environmentally? Or more specifically, did it operate within or towards a safe and just space (SJS)? Although numerous relevant studies exist, these questions have not been adequately addressed, and a multi-scale landscape perspective is needed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The main objective of this study was to examine China’s urbanization trends, associated institutional changes, and their impacts on the nation’s sustainability trajectory during the past four decades. Specifically, we intended to analyze the impacts of urbanization and related policies on the spatial patterns, temporal trends, shortfalls, and complex nexus of the different dimensions of SJS across scales in China.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We apply the SJS framework, which integrates eight environmental ceilings and seven social justice foundations, to examine China’s urbanization, socioeconomic dynamics, and institutional changes, as well as their impacts on sustainability at multiple spatial scales. Segmented regression and correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship of SJS with landscape urbanization and governance across China.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since the implementation of China’s Western Development Plan, China has faced increasing challenges of overshoots in CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions, phosphorus and nitrogen loading, ecological footprint, and material footprint on a per capita basis. However, our analysis showed that, by 2015, China met nearly all basic social justice needs. The pattern of SJS showed geospatial gradients of increasing social justice (except material footprint), multi-footprints, and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; from eastern to central, northeastern, and western regions, and from developed to developing provinces. The tradeoffs between social justice, environmental safety, and regional equality remain pronounced across heterogeneous landscapes with different levels of urbanization. The western region’s material footprint expanded enormously, but mainly for consumption in the eastern region of China.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;China’s development in the past four decades is characterized by enormous economic growth, rapid urbanization, much improved living standards, highly fragmented landscapes, and increasing environmental problems. To promote sustainability, China should continue to implement the strategy of high-quality development and promote ecological civilization. Regional landscape-based approaches are needed to explicitly recognize geospatial heterogeneity and disparities, and better understand the urbanization-governance-landscape nexus fo","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision making in complex land systems: outline of a holistic theory of agency","authors":"Andreas Aagaard Christensen, Veerle Van Eetvelde","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01822-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01822-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Models of human agency within research on land systems and landscapes do not fully account for social and cultural factors in decision making. Conversely, within social theory, parallel concepts of agency do not fully take biophysical and spatial factors into account. This calls for a synthesis of conceptual models addressing human decision making in land systems.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>The review identifies parallels between social and ecological perspectives on humans as co-constituent parts of complex land systems. On this basis selected models of agency combining insights from social theory and land systems research are outlined and compared, and improved concepts are outlined.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Elements of agency in modern agricultural land systems are reviewed. A case study illustrating the application of agency concepts in an analysis of decision making among farmers on the Canterbury Plains (New Zealand) is presented. On this basis it is discussed how to improve understandings of human agency in land systems.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The review identifies and compares parallel conceptions of agency, practice and holism in landscape ecology and social theory. Taking the agency of farmers in contemporary agricultural landscapes as an example, theories currently used to characterise and interpret the agency of farmers are discussed and improvements considered. Potentials for improvement of current conceptual models are indicated and discussed, and an improved model of agency is suggested.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Based on the review, the article presents an improved conceptual model of agency in land systems emphasizing the position of agents in social-ecological contexts of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140129415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking connectivity modeling for high-mobility ungulates: insights from a globally endangered equid","authors":"Azita Rezvani, Mahmoud-Reza Hemami, Jacob R. Goheen, Petra Kaczensky, Saeid Pourmanafi, Sima Fakheran, Saeideh Esmaeili","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01873-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01873-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Maintaining connectivity is crucial for wildlife conservation in human-occupied landscapes. Structural connectivity modeling (SCM) attempts to quantify the degree to which physical features facilitate or impede movement of individuals and has been widely used to identify corridors, but its accuracy is rarely validated against empirical data.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We evaluated SCM’s ability to identify suitable habitat and corridors for onagers (<i>Equus hemionus onager</i>) through a comparison with functional connectivity (i.e., actual movement of individuals) using satellite tracking data.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We used MaxEnt to predict suitable habitat and evaluated the ability of three SCM approaches: circuit theory, factorial least cost path, and landscape corridors approaches to identify corridors. The performance of the three SCM approaches was validated against independently collected GPS telemetry data.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Onagers selected water sources and dense vegetation while avoiding areas grazed intensely by livestock. The three approaches to SCMs identified similar movement corridors, which were interrupted by roads, affecting major high-flow movement corridors. The SCMs overlapped with functional connectivity by about 21%.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Movement corridors derived from SCMs did not align with the locations or intensity of corridors identified using the functional connectivity model. This finding suggests that SCMs might have a tendency to overestimate landscape resistance in areas with low habitat suitability. Therefore, SCM may not adequately capture individual decisions about habitat selection and movement. To protect corridors linking suitable habitat, data on functional connectivity (i.e., telemetry data) can be coupled with SCM to better understand habitat selection and movements of populations as a consequence of landscape features.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140129331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The green window view index: automated multi-source visibility analysis for a multi-scale assessment of green window views","authors":"Anna-Maria Bolte, Benjamin Niedermann, Thomas Kistemann, Jan-Henrik Haunert, Youness Dehbi, Theo Kötter","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01871-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01871-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Providing accessible urban green spaces is crucial for planning and ensuring healthy, resilient, and sustainable cities. The importance of visually accessible urban green spaces increases due to inner urban development processes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This article proposes a new index, the Green Window View Index (GWVI) for analyzing and assessing visible vegetation, that promotes an integrated planning of urban green spaces and buildings at different scales and levels. It is defined as the proportion of visible vegetation area in a field of view when looking out of a specific window with a defined distance to the window.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The method for estimating GWVI consists of three steps: (a) the modeling of the three-dimensional environment, (b) the simulation of the two-dimensional window views using modern rendering engines for three-dimensional graphics, (c) the computation of the GWVI<i>.</i> The method is proposed and tested through a case study of the urban area of Bonn, Germany, using a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), CityGML-based semantic 3D City Model at level of detail (LoD) 2, airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data, and 2D land use data from the official German property cadaster information system (ALKIS).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>With an average processing time of 0.05 s per window view, an average GWVI of 26.00% could be calculated for the entire study area and visualized in both 2D and 3D.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The proposed engine generates multi-scale visibility values for various vegetation shapes. These values are intended for use in participatory citizenship and decision-making processes for analysis by architects, real-estate appraisers, investors, and urban as well as landscape planners.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moisture thresholds for ignition vary between types of eucalypt forests across an aridity gradient","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01864-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01864-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Context</h3> <p>Quantifying spatial and temporal variations in landscape flammability is important for implementing ecologically desirable prescribed burns and gauging the level of fire risk across a landscape. Yet there is a paucity of models that provide adequate spatial detail about landscape flammability for these purposes.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Objectives</h3> <p>Our aim was to quantify spatial and temporal variations in ignitability across a forested landscape. We asked: (1) How do fuel moisture and meteorological variables interact to affect ignitability? (2) Do fuel moisture thresholds for ignition vary across a gradient of forest types? (3) How does the spatial connectivity of ignitable fuel vary over time? (4) How could an ignitability model be used to inform fire management decision-making?</p> </span> <span> <h3>Methods</h3> <p>We conducted field-based ignition tests with flaming firebrands over three fire seasons. Ignitions were attempted across a range of moisture and meteorological conditions at 15 sites in eucalypt forest in south-eastern Australia. Structural equation modelling and generalized linear models were used to quantify relationships between ignitability, aridity, fuel moisture and weather.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results</h3> <p>The strongest predictors of ignitability were the moisture content of dead near surface fine fuel and in-forest vapour pressure deficit. Ignition thresholds for both varied across an aridity gradient. Dense forests (i.e., wet and damp eucalypt forests) needed drier fuel and drier in-forest atmospheric conditions to ignite than sparser forests (i.e., shrubby foothill forest).</p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusion</h3> <p>Our modelling of ignitability could inform fire planning in south-eastern Australia and the methodology could be applied elsewhere to develop similar models for other regions. Days with consistently high ignitability across the landscape are more conducive to the development of large wildfires whereas days when ignitability is spatially variable are more suitable for prescribed burning.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat amount and edge effects, not perch proximity, nest exposure, or vegetation diversity affect cowbird parasitism in agricultural landscapes","authors":"Matthew D. Stephenson, Kyla L. Yuza, Lisa A. Schulte, Robert W. Klaver","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01816-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01816-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context </h3><p>Prior research documented relationships between brown-headed cowbird (<i>Molothrus ater</i>) brood parasitism and edge effects, proximity of perches, and nest exposure. Those relationships have not been evaluated in agroecosystems containing extremes of fragmentation and vegetation diversity. </p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We compared three existing hypotheses on how cowbirds locate host nests with two new hypotheses regarding habitat amount and vegetation diversity to determine how the configuration and location of agricultural conservation practices affect grassland bird nest parasitism rates and predicted rates for eight common conservation practices.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods </h3><p>We assessed cowbird parasitism of grassland bird nests on corn and soybean farms in Iowa, USA, and measured perch proximity, nest exposure, edge effects, habitat amount, and vegetation diversity for each nest. We fit a global generalized linear mixed-effects model and compared importance of model parameters using odds ratios. We predicted parasitism likelihood for every subset model and averaged predictions to explore individual effects.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The variables that most influenced parasitism rates included main effects for nest initiation day-of-season (OR = 0.71, CI₉₅ = 0.60–0.84) and the landscape variables of distance to nearest crop edge (0.63, 0.51–0.76) and proportion of grass land cover within 660 m (0.75, 0.57–1.00). We found little support that perch proximity, nest exposure, or native vegetation diversity affected parasitism. We also assessed parasitism likelihood by conservation practice and found no significant differences.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our results provide evidence to support the edge effect and habitat amount hypotheses, but not the nest exposure, vegetation diversity, or perch proximity hypotheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mechanistic approach to weighting edge-effects in landscape connectivity assessments","authors":"M. Dennis, J. J. Huck, C. D. Holt, E. McHenry","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01865-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01865-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Understanding landscape functional connectivity is critical for nature conservation in fragmented landscapes. Spatially explicit graph-theoretical approaches to assessing landscape connectivity have provided a promising framework for capturing functional components driving connectivity at the landscape scale. However, existing weighting schemes used to parameterise functional connectivity in graph theory-based methods are limited with respect to their ability to capture patch-level characteristics relevant to habitat use such as edge-effects.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We set out to develop a new approach to weighting habitat connectivity as a function of edge-effects exerted by non-habitat patches through better delineation of edge-interior habitat transitions at the patch-level and parameterization of intra-patch movement cost at the landscape scale.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We leverage the use of raster surfaces and area-weighted exponential kernels to operationalize a mechanistic approach to computing spatially explicit edge surfaces. We integrate map algebra, graph theory and landscape resistance methods to capture connectivity for a range of species specialisms on the edge-interior spectrum. We implement our method through a set of functions in the R statistical environment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Result</h3><p>Through a real-world case study, we demonstrate that our approach, drawing on these behaviours, outperforms competing metrics when evaluating potential functional connectivity in a typically fragmented agricultural landscape. We highlight options for the optimal parameterization of graph-theoretical models.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our method offers increased flexibility, being tuneable for interior-edge habitat transitions. This therefore represents a key opportunity that can help to re-align the fields of landscape ecology and conservation biology by reconciling patch-versus-landscape methodological stances.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct and indirect impacts of land use/cover change on urban heat environment: a 15-year panel data study across 365 Chinese cities during summer daytime and nighttime","authors":"Tong He, Nan Wang, Jiayue Chen, Feng Wu, Xinliang Xu, Luo Liu, Dongrui Han, Zongyao Sun, Yingshuang Lu, Yan Hao, Zhi Qiao","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01807-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01807-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Land use/cover change (LUCC) can directly and indirectly affect surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) and the effects need to be decomposed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>To perform long-term trend analyses of contribution indexes (CIs) of land use types to urban heat environment in cities and to deconstruct direct and indirect effects of LUCC on SUHII within geographical regions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope were used to examine the trends of CIs and SUHII in 365 cities during summer of 2005–2019. Structural equation models were established to quantify direct and indirect effects of land use types’ CIs on SUHII in six geographical regions of China.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>First, SUHII in 78.08% and 73.70% of the Chinese cities increased during summer daytime and nighttime, respectively. Second, the CI of built-up land significantly increased across more than half of the cities in all the six regions. Third, not all land use types exerted both direct and indirect effects on SUHII. At daytime, the CI of cropland (direct) was the dominant factor in East China (1.386), South-central (− 0.637), and Northwest (− 0.399) regions. At nighttime, the CI of water bodies (both direct and indirect) was the dominant factor in Northwest (0.506) and Northeast (0.697) regions while CI of built-up land (both direct and indirect) determined in North China (0.476).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Separation of direct and indirect effects of land use types on SUHII had practical implications for cities to optimize the structures and functions of ecosystems and to take regionally based actions improving the urban heat environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140044628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the applicability of binary land-cover variables to species distribution models across multiple grains","authors":"Lukáš Gábor, Jeremy Cohen, Vítězslav Moudrý, Walter Jetz","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01813-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01813-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Species distribution models are widely used in ecology. The selection of environmental variables is a critical step in SDMs, nowadays compounded by the increasing availability of environmental data.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>To evaluate the interaction between the grain size and the binary (presence or absence of water) or proportional (proportion of water within the cell) representation of the water cover variable when modeling water bird species distribution.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>eBird occurrence data with an average number of records of 880,270 per species across the North American continent were used for analysis. Models (via Random Forest) were fitted for 57 water bird species, for two seasons (breeding vs. non-breeding), at four grains (1 km² to 2500 km²) and using water cover as a proportional or binary variable.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The models’ performances were not affected by the type of the adopted water cover variable (proportional or binary) but a significant decrease was observed in the importance of the water cover variable when used in a binary form. This was especially pronounced at coarser grains and during the breeding season. Binary representation of water cover is useful at finer grain sizes (i.e., 1 km²).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>At more detailed grains (i.e., 1 km²), the simple presence or absence of a certain land-cover type can be a realistic descriptor of species occurrence. This is particularly advantageous when collecting habitat data in the field as simply recording the presence of a habitat is significantly less time-consuming than recording its total area. For models using coarser grains, we recommend using proportional land-cover variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"699 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140034952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}