Landscape Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Alternative vegetation trajectories through passive habitat rewilding: opposite effects for animal conservation","authors":"María V. Jiménez-Franco, Eva Graciá, Roberto C. Rodríguez-Caro, José D. Anadón, Thorsten Wiegand, Andrés Giménez","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01880-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01880-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Passive habitat rewilding after rural abandonment can affect wildlife differently depending on the type of habitats that it generates.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>Evaluate and compare the effects of two alternative vegetation trajectories that occur through passive habitat rewilding in Mediterranean ecotone areas (crop-scrub and crop-pine forest transitions) on the long-term population dynamics of animal species.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We used the spur-thighed tortoise (<i>Testudo graeca</i>), a characteristic long-lived species of cultural landscapes, as study species. We applied a spatially explicit and individual-based model (STEPLAND) to simulate the movement and demographic processes in a long-term period<i>,</i> by comparing an “impact scenario” (i.e., historical land-use changes) to a “control scenario” (no land-use changes).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The two landscape scenarios resulted in different population trends. In the crop-scrub scenarios (control and impact), population densities increased similarly over time. However, the crop-pine forest scenario negatively affected population density throughout the simulation period, and showed a time-lag response of three decades. The extinction risk was 55% with a time-lag response of approximately 110 years.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our study highlights the need to analyse the legacy effects on long-lived ectotherms, using them as a proxy to understand the future effects of dynamic landscapes created by “passive habitat rewilding”. Our results showed how traditional agriculture in Mediterranean ecotone areas may generate “ecotone effects” (i.e. increase in demographical parameters), but also population extinction on long-lived ectotherms. Therefore, we consider it relevant to maintain traditional agricultural areas in Mediterranean landscapes, especially in ecotone areas associated with pine forests (generating mosaics with open habitats).</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-landscape connectivity models for pond-dwelling species: methods and application to two invasive amphibians of global concern","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01858-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01858-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Context</h3> <p>Functional connectivity models are essential in identifying major dispersal pathways and developing effective management strategies for expanding populations of invasive alien species. However, the extrapolation of models parameterized within current invasive ranges may not be applicable even to neighbouring areas, if the models are not based on the expected responses of individuals to landscape structure.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Objectives</h3> <p>We have developed a high-resolution connectivity model for both terrestrial and aquatic habitats using solely potential sources. The model is used here for the invasive, principally-aquatic, African clawed frog <em>Xenopus laevis</em>, which is a species of global concern.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Methods</h3> <p>All ponds were considered as suitable habitats for the African clawed frog. Resistance costs of lotic aquatic and terrestrial landscape features were determined through a combination of remote sensing and laboratory trials. Maximum cumulative resistance values were obtained via capture-mark-recapture surveys, and validation was performed using independently collected presence data. We applied this approach to an invasive population of the American bullfrog, <em>Lithobates catesbeianus,</em> in France to assess its transferability to other pond-dwelling species.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results</h3> <p>The model revealed areas of high and low functional connectivity. It primarily identified river networks as major dispersal pathways and pinpointed areas where local connectivity could be disrupted for management purposes.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusion</h3> <p>Our model predicts how the dispersal of individuals connect suitable lentic habitats, through river networks and different land use types. The approach can be applied to species of conservation concern or interest in pond ecosystems and other wetlands, including aquatic insects, birds and mammals, for which distribution data are limited or challenging to collect. It serves as a valuable tool for forecasting colonization pathways in expanding populations of both native and invasive alien species and for identifying regions suitable for preventive or adaptive control measures.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140146844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of the effects of roads on salamanders","authors":"Alison E. Ochs, Robert K. Swihart, Mike R. Saunders","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01867-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01867-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Road expansion has raised concerns regarding road effects on wildlife and ecosystems within the landscape. Salamanders, critical ecosystem components and bioindicators, are vulnerable to road impacts due to habitat loss, migrations, and reliance on stream health. Systemic reviews considering the effects of different road types on salamanders are lacking.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We summarize 155 studies of road effects on salamanders, including paved, unpaved, and logging roads, hiking trails, railroads, and powerlines. We examine trends in road type, study area, and impacts on salamanders; summarize current knowledge; and identify knowledge gaps.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We used Web of Science for literature searches, completed in January 2023. We reviewed and summarized papers and used Chi-squared tests to explore patterns in research efforts, research gaps, and impacts on salamanders.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Review</h3><p>Roads had negative effects on salamanders through direct mortality, damaging habitat, and fragmenting populations. Traffic and wetland proximity increased negative impacts in some studies; abandoned logging roads showed negative effects. Positive effects were limited to habitat creation along roads. Habitat creation and under-road tunnels with drift fencing were effective mitigation strategies. Non-passenger vehicle roads were critically understudied, as were mitigation strategies such as bucket brigades and habitat creation along roads.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>With road networks expanding and salamander populations declining, managers must account for road effects at landscape scales. The effects of non-paved roads on salamanders are poorly understood but critically important as such roads are frequently located in natural areas. Managers should incorporate mitigation strategies and work to reduce road impacts on vulnerable wildlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140146846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee pollination and pest control are affected by edge diversity at local scales but multiscalar approaches and disservices can not be ignored","authors":"Camila Hohlenwerger, Rebecca Spake, Leandro R. Tambosi, Natalia Aristizábal, Adrian González-Chaves, Felipe Librán-Embid, Fernanda Saturni, Felix Eigenbrod, Jean-Paul Metzger","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01869-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01869-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Managing landscapes to increase multiple services provision in search of higher agricultural yield can be an alternative to agricultural intensification. Nonetheless, to properly guide management, we need to better understand how landscape structure affects multiple services at different scales.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Focused on synergies and trade-offs in real-world landscapes, we investigated how and at which scale landscape features related to the supply, demand and flow of services act as a common driver of pollination and pest control in coffee plantations.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Considering landscapes in an important coffee-producing region in Brazil, we tested the effects of <i>forest</i> and <i>coffee cover</i>, <i>distance to forest</i>, <i>forest-coffee edge density</i> and <i>coffee edge diversity</i> at multiple scales on pollination and pest control by birds, bats and ants.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Coffee edge diversity (number of land uses in contact with coffee) was an important driver of pollination and pest control, being consistently relevant at local scales (up to 300 m). However, services were also affected by other landscape features and the ‘scale of effect’ of these relationships varied. Additionally, results show the complex nature of pest control once the direction of effect revealed services and disservices.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Besides reinforcing the importance of known landscape effects, this study adds to previous studies by showcasing the relevance of diverse land uses around coffee crops as a common driver of pollination and pest control provision by different species. Moreover, we highlight how understanding the combined local and landscape effects may aid in offsetting disservices and tackling the variety of ‘scales of effect’ found.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China’s safe and just space during 40 years of rapid urbanization and changing policies","authors":"Hongyan Bian, Jie Gao, Yanxu Liu, Dewei Yang, Jianguo Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01868-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01868-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;China’s high-speed economic development was accompanied by rapid urbanization for forty years, guided by a series of changing policies enacted by the central government. However, did China become more sustainable both economically and environmentally? Or more specifically, did it operate within or towards a safe and just space (SJS)? Although numerous relevant studies exist, these questions have not been adequately addressed, and a multi-scale landscape perspective is needed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The main objective of this study was to examine China’s urbanization trends, associated institutional changes, and their impacts on the nation’s sustainability trajectory during the past four decades. Specifically, we intended to analyze the impacts of urbanization and related policies on the spatial patterns, temporal trends, shortfalls, and complex nexus of the different dimensions of SJS across scales in China.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We apply the SJS framework, which integrates eight environmental ceilings and seven social justice foundations, to examine China’s urbanization, socioeconomic dynamics, and institutional changes, as well as their impacts on sustainability at multiple spatial scales. Segmented regression and correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship of SJS with landscape urbanization and governance across China.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since the implementation of China’s Western Development Plan, China has faced increasing challenges of overshoots in CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions, phosphorus and nitrogen loading, ecological footprint, and material footprint on a per capita basis. However, our analysis showed that, by 2015, China met nearly all basic social justice needs. The pattern of SJS showed geospatial gradients of increasing social justice (except material footprint), multi-footprints, and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; from eastern to central, northeastern, and western regions, and from developed to developing provinces. The tradeoffs between social justice, environmental safety, and regional equality remain pronounced across heterogeneous landscapes with different levels of urbanization. The western region’s material footprint expanded enormously, but mainly for consumption in the eastern region of China.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;China’s development in the past four decades is characterized by enormous economic growth, rapid urbanization, much improved living standards, highly fragmented landscapes, and increasing environmental problems. To promote sustainability, China should continue to implement the strategy of high-quality development and promote ecological civilization. Regional landscape-based approaches are needed to explicitly recognize geospatial heterogeneity and disparities, and better understand the urbanization-governance-landscape nexus fo","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision making in complex land systems: outline of a holistic theory of agency","authors":"Andreas Aagaard Christensen, Veerle Van Eetvelde","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01822-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01822-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Models of human agency within research on land systems and landscapes do not fully account for social and cultural factors in decision making. Conversely, within social theory, parallel concepts of agency do not fully take biophysical and spatial factors into account. This calls for a synthesis of conceptual models addressing human decision making in land systems.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>The review identifies parallels between social and ecological perspectives on humans as co-constituent parts of complex land systems. On this basis selected models of agency combining insights from social theory and land systems research are outlined and compared, and improved concepts are outlined.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Elements of agency in modern agricultural land systems are reviewed. A case study illustrating the application of agency concepts in an analysis of decision making among farmers on the Canterbury Plains (New Zealand) is presented. On this basis it is discussed how to improve understandings of human agency in land systems.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The review identifies and compares parallel conceptions of agency, practice and holism in landscape ecology and social theory. Taking the agency of farmers in contemporary agricultural landscapes as an example, theories currently used to characterise and interpret the agency of farmers are discussed and improvements considered. Potentials for improvement of current conceptual models are indicated and discussed, and an improved model of agency is suggested.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Based on the review, the article presents an improved conceptual model of agency in land systems emphasizing the position of agents in social-ecological contexts of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140129415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking connectivity modeling for high-mobility ungulates: insights from a globally endangered equid","authors":"Azita Rezvani, Mahmoud-Reza Hemami, Jacob R. Goheen, Petra Kaczensky, Saeid Pourmanafi, Sima Fakheran, Saeideh Esmaeili","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01873-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01873-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Maintaining connectivity is crucial for wildlife conservation in human-occupied landscapes. Structural connectivity modeling (SCM) attempts to quantify the degree to which physical features facilitate or impede movement of individuals and has been widely used to identify corridors, but its accuracy is rarely validated against empirical data.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We evaluated SCM’s ability to identify suitable habitat and corridors for onagers (<i>Equus hemionus onager</i>) through a comparison with functional connectivity (i.e., actual movement of individuals) using satellite tracking data.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We used MaxEnt to predict suitable habitat and evaluated the ability of three SCM approaches: circuit theory, factorial least cost path, and landscape corridors approaches to identify corridors. The performance of the three SCM approaches was validated against independently collected GPS telemetry data.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Onagers selected water sources and dense vegetation while avoiding areas grazed intensely by livestock. The three approaches to SCMs identified similar movement corridors, which were interrupted by roads, affecting major high-flow movement corridors. The SCMs overlapped with functional connectivity by about 21%.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Movement corridors derived from SCMs did not align with the locations or intensity of corridors identified using the functional connectivity model. This finding suggests that SCMs might have a tendency to overestimate landscape resistance in areas with low habitat suitability. Therefore, SCM may not adequately capture individual decisions about habitat selection and movement. To protect corridors linking suitable habitat, data on functional connectivity (i.e., telemetry data) can be coupled with SCM to better understand habitat selection and movements of populations as a consequence of landscape features.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140129331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The green window view index: automated multi-source visibility analysis for a multi-scale assessment of green window views","authors":"Anna-Maria Bolte, Benjamin Niedermann, Thomas Kistemann, Jan-Henrik Haunert, Youness Dehbi, Theo Kötter","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01871-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01871-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Providing accessible urban green spaces is crucial for planning and ensuring healthy, resilient, and sustainable cities. The importance of visually accessible urban green spaces increases due to inner urban development processes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This article proposes a new index, the Green Window View Index (GWVI) for analyzing and assessing visible vegetation, that promotes an integrated planning of urban green spaces and buildings at different scales and levels. It is defined as the proportion of visible vegetation area in a field of view when looking out of a specific window with a defined distance to the window.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The method for estimating GWVI consists of three steps: (a) the modeling of the three-dimensional environment, (b) the simulation of the two-dimensional window views using modern rendering engines for three-dimensional graphics, (c) the computation of the GWVI<i>.</i> The method is proposed and tested through a case study of the urban area of Bonn, Germany, using a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), CityGML-based semantic 3D City Model at level of detail (LoD) 2, airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data, and 2D land use data from the official German property cadaster information system (ALKIS).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>With an average processing time of 0.05 s per window view, an average GWVI of 26.00% could be calculated for the entire study area and visualized in both 2D and 3D.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The proposed engine generates multi-scale visibility values for various vegetation shapes. These values are intended for use in participatory citizenship and decision-making processes for analysis by architects, real-estate appraisers, investors, and urban as well as landscape planners.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moisture thresholds for ignition vary between types of eucalypt forests across an aridity gradient","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01864-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01864-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Context</h3> <p>Quantifying spatial and temporal variations in landscape flammability is important for implementing ecologically desirable prescribed burns and gauging the level of fire risk across a landscape. Yet there is a paucity of models that provide adequate spatial detail about landscape flammability for these purposes.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Objectives</h3> <p>Our aim was to quantify spatial and temporal variations in ignitability across a forested landscape. We asked: (1) How do fuel moisture and meteorological variables interact to affect ignitability? (2) Do fuel moisture thresholds for ignition vary across a gradient of forest types? (3) How does the spatial connectivity of ignitable fuel vary over time? (4) How could an ignitability model be used to inform fire management decision-making?</p> </span> <span> <h3>Methods</h3> <p>We conducted field-based ignition tests with flaming firebrands over three fire seasons. Ignitions were attempted across a range of moisture and meteorological conditions at 15 sites in eucalypt forest in south-eastern Australia. Structural equation modelling and generalized linear models were used to quantify relationships between ignitability, aridity, fuel moisture and weather.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results</h3> <p>The strongest predictors of ignitability were the moisture content of dead near surface fine fuel and in-forest vapour pressure deficit. Ignition thresholds for both varied across an aridity gradient. Dense forests (i.e., wet and damp eucalypt forests) needed drier fuel and drier in-forest atmospheric conditions to ignite than sparser forests (i.e., shrubby foothill forest).</p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusion</h3> <p>Our modelling of ignitability could inform fire planning in south-eastern Australia and the methodology could be applied elsewhere to develop similar models for other regions. Days with consistently high ignitability across the landscape are more conducive to the development of large wildfires whereas days when ignitability is spatially variable are more suitable for prescribed burning.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat amount and edge effects, not perch proximity, nest exposure, or vegetation diversity affect cowbird parasitism in agricultural landscapes","authors":"Matthew D. Stephenson, Kyla L. Yuza, Lisa A. Schulte, Robert W. Klaver","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01816-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01816-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context </h3><p>Prior research documented relationships between brown-headed cowbird (<i>Molothrus ater</i>) brood parasitism and edge effects, proximity of perches, and nest exposure. Those relationships have not been evaluated in agroecosystems containing extremes of fragmentation and vegetation diversity. </p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We compared three existing hypotheses on how cowbirds locate host nests with two new hypotheses regarding habitat amount and vegetation diversity to determine how the configuration and location of agricultural conservation practices affect grassland bird nest parasitism rates and predicted rates for eight common conservation practices.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods </h3><p>We assessed cowbird parasitism of grassland bird nests on corn and soybean farms in Iowa, USA, and measured perch proximity, nest exposure, edge effects, habitat amount, and vegetation diversity for each nest. We fit a global generalized linear mixed-effects model and compared importance of model parameters using odds ratios. We predicted parasitism likelihood for every subset model and averaged predictions to explore individual effects.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The variables that most influenced parasitism rates included main effects for nest initiation day-of-season (OR = 0.71, CI₉₅ = 0.60–0.84) and the landscape variables of distance to nearest crop edge (0.63, 0.51–0.76) and proportion of grass land cover within 660 m (0.75, 0.57–1.00). We found little support that perch proximity, nest exposure, or native vegetation diversity affected parasitism. We also assessed parasitism likelihood by conservation practice and found no significant differences.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our results provide evidence to support the edge effect and habitat amount hypotheses, but not the nest exposure, vegetation diversity, or perch proximity hypotheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}