Landscape Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Estimation of flint hills tallgrass prairie productivity and fuel loads: a model-based synthesis and extrapolation of experimental data.","authors":"Robert B McKane, Jonathan J Halama, Bradley L Barnhart, Allen F Brookes, Kevin S Djang, Sonali Chokshi, Paul P Pettus, Brenda Groskinsky, Gina Grier, Andy Hawkins, Douglas Watson, Jayson Prentice, John M Blair, Douglas G Goodin, Loretta C Johnson, Adam M Skibbe, Marc Stieglitz, Feifei Pan, Alex Abdelnour","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-02034-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-02034-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The > 25,000 km² Flint Hills ecoregion in eastern Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma, USA, is an economically and ecologically important area encompassing the largest remaining tallgrass prairie ecosystem in North America. Prescribed fires are used routinely to control invasive woody species and improve forage production for the beef-cattle industry. However, burning releases harmful pollutants that, at times, contribute to air quality problems for communities across a multi-state area.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Establish a modeling framework for synthesizing long-term ecological data in support of Flint Hills tallgrass prairie management goals for identifying how much, where, and when rangeland burning can be conducted to maximize ecological and economic benefits while minimizing regional air quality impacts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used EPA's VELMA ecohydrology model to synthesize long-term experimental data at the 35 km² Konza Prairie Biological Station (KPBS) describing the effects of climate, fire, grazing, topography, and soil moisture and nutrient dynamics on tallgrass prairie productivity and fuel loads; and to spatially extrapolate that synthesis to estimate grassland productivity and fuel loads across the nearly 1000 times larger Flint Hills ecoregion to support prescribed burning smoke trajectory modeling using the State of Kansas implementation of the U.S. Forest Service BlueSky framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VELMA provided a performance-tested synthesis of KPBS data from field observations and experiments, thereby establishing a tool for regionally simulating the combined effects of climate, fire, grazing, topography, soil moisture, and nutrients on tallgrass prairie productivity and fuel loads. VELMA's extrapolation of that synthesis allowed difficult-to-quantify fuel loads to be mapped across the Flint Hills to support environmental decision making, such as forecasting when, where, and how prescribed burning will have the least impact on downwind population centers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our regional spatial and temporal extrapolation of VELMA's KPBS data synthesis posits that the effects of integrated ecohydrological processes operate similarly across tallgrass prairie spatial scales. Based on multi-scale performance tests of the VELMA-BlueSky toolset, our multi-institution team is confident that it can assist stakeholders and decision makers in realistically exploring tallgrass prairie management options for balancing air quality, tallgrass prairie sustainability, and associated economic benefits for the Flint Hills ecoregion and downwind communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"40 24","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land-use impacts on crop yield: direct and indirect roles of arthropods and associated ecosystem services in European farmland.","authors":"Roman Bucher, Péter Batáry, Julia Baudry, Léa Beaumelle, Andrea Čerevková, Enrique G de la Riva, El Aziz Djoudi, Tara Dirilgen, Róbert Gallé, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Alison O'Reilly, Ewa Rembiałkowska, Adrien Rusch, Henrik G Smith, Dara A Stanley, Stuart P M Roberts, Werner Ulrich, Klaus Birkhofer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-025-02117-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-025-02117-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Land-use intensification to increase yields is often detrimental to biodiversity undermining the provision of ecosystem services. However, it is questionable if ecosystem service providers contribute to ecological intensification by achieving the same or higher yields than conventional high-intensity agriculture.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we aimed to disentangle the effects of local and landscape-scale land-use intensification on arthropod communities and their contribution to ecosystem services and crop yield. A set of meta-analytic structural equation models allowed us to assess direct and indirect relationships in the cascade from land use to yield.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected 37 datasets containing information on land use, community composition, levels of pollination and natural pest control services, and crop yield. We quantified functional diversity of communities by collecting trait information for three exemplary groups of service-providers: bees, ground beetles, and spiders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Local land-use intensification reduced the abundance of all arthropod groups. Spiders were the only group whose species richness was negatively related to a higher percentage of arable land in the landscape. High abundance of bees related positively to oilseed rape pollination and crop yields. In the models for the two predator groups, crop yield was strongly determined by land use, independent of the pest control services provided by natural enemies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest a potential for ecological intensification mediated by land-use change in crops where pollination benefits yield, but suggest more nuanced effects for pest control. Our study also calls for experiments on multiple taxonomic groups and ecosystem services that apply comparable methods at similar scales.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-025-02117-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"40 5","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of tree growth form on temporal and spatial patterns of particulate matter with various particle sizes in urban street canyons.","authors":"Xiaoshuang Wang, Yang Xiang, Chucai Peng, Mingjun Teng, Bojun Ma, Zhixiang Zhou, Changhui Peng","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-02023-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10980-024-02023-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Trees play a vital role in reducing street-level particulate matter (PM) pollution in metropolitan areas. However, the optimal tree growth type for maximizing the retention of various sizes of PM remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study assessed the PM reduction capabilities of evergreen and deciduous broadleaf street trees, focusing on how leaf phenology influences the dispersion of pollutants across particle sizes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected data on six PM size fractions from 72 sites along streets lined with either evergreen or deciduous broadleaf trees in Wuhan, China, during the summer and winter of 2017-2018.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evergreen trees demonstrated superior PM reduction capabilities compared to deciduous trees, with evergreen street canyons showing 27.2% and 12.6% lower PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations in summer, and 13% and 5.5% lower concentrations in winter. During summer, evergreen streets predominantly contained fine particles (PM₁, PM_2.5), posing potential health risk due to their ability to infiltrate the human respiratory system. In contrast, deciduous streets primarily harbored coarser particles (PM₄, PM₇, PM₁₀, and total suspended particulate [TSP]). During winter, larger particles were dominant, regardless of the tree growth form.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evergreen trees showed superior PM reduction capabilities compared to deciduous trees due to their year-round leaf retention, enhanced surface properties, and denser canopies that maximize PM capture. We recommend prioritizing evergreen broadleaf trees as the primary street trees while interspersing deciduous trees at appropriate intervals. This approach will ensure that urban greenery provides maximum ecological benefits while reducing the PM concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"40 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silviculture shapes the spatial distribution of wildlife in managed landscapes.","authors":"Nicole P Boucher, Morgan Anderson, Chris Procter, Shelley Marshall, Gerald Kuzyk, Shaun Freeman, Brian M Starzomski, Jason T Fisher","doi":"10.1007/s10980-025-02095-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-025-02095-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Silviculture-managing tree establishment for landscape objectives-influences ecological outcomes of forests. While forest harvest impacts on wildlife are well-documented, silvicultural treatment effects remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated how forest harvest and silviculture shape predator and ungulate distributions and interactions, providing ecological insights for forest management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We deployed two camera arrays in extensively harvested North American landscapes to evaluate relationships between forest harvest, silviculture, and predator and ungulate occurrences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forest harvest, silviculture, and predator/prey activity shape wildlife occurrences. Wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>), influenced by moose (<i>Alces alces</i>), decreased with regenerating (9-24 years) clearcuts, new (0-8 years) clearcuts with reserves, and fertilized cutblocks. Wolves increased with regenerating/older (25-40 years) clearcuts with reserves. Coyote (<i>C. latrans</i>) increased in manually or chemically brushed cutblocks at high or low deer occurrence, respectively. Black bear (<i>U. americanus</i>), influenced by prey, increased with regenerating prepared cutblocks and fewer new prepared cutblocks. Prey elevated lynx (<i>Lynx canadensis</i>) occurrence with regenerating prepared or older unprepared cutblocks. Depending on predators, mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) decreased with regenerating and older prepared cutblocks; white-tailed deer (<i>O. virginianus</i>) decreased with selection- and new even-aged cutblocks. Harvest age and wolves best explained moose, although silviculture mattered seasonally.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Silviculture shapes wildlife distributions and interactions. Integrating these effects into research and forest management is essential for meeting ecological objectives.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-025-02095-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"40 5","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microclimate temperature effects propagate across scales in forest ecosystems.","authors":"Kristin H Braziunas, Werner Rammer, Pieter De Frenne, Joan Díaz-Calafat, Per-Ola Hedwall, Cornelius Senf, Dominik Thom, Florian Zellweger, Rupert Seidl","doi":"10.1007/s10980-025-02054-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10980-025-02054-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Forest canopies shape subcanopy environments, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem processes. Empirical forest microclimate studies are often restricted to local scales and short-term effects, but forest dynamics unfold at landscape scales and over long time periods.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We developed the first explicit and dynamic implementation of microclimate temperature buffering in a forest landscape model and investigated effects on simulated forest dynamics and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We adapted the individual-based forest landscape and disturbance model iLand to use microclimate temperature for three processes [decomposition, bark beetle (<i>Ips typographus</i> L.) development, and tree seedling establishment]. We simulated forest dynamics with or without microclimate temperature buffering in a temperate European mountain landscape under historical climate and disturbance conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Temperature buffering effects propagated from local to landscape scales. After 1,000 simulation years, average total carbon and cumulative net ecosystem productivity were 2% and 21% higher, respectively, and tree species composition differed in simulations including versus excluding microclimate buffering. When microclimate buffering was included, Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) increased by 9% and European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) decreased by 12% in mean basal area share. Some effects were amplified across scales, such as a mean 16% decrease in local-scale bark beetle development rates resulting in a mean 45% decrease in landscape-scale bark beetle-caused mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Microclimate effects on forests scaled nonlinearly from stand to landscape and days to millennia, underlining the utility of complex simulation models for dynamic upscaling in space and time. Microclimate temperature buffering can alter forest dynamics at landscape scales.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-025-02054-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"40 2","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11790809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timber harvesting was the most important factor driving changes in vegetation composition, as compared to climate and fire regime shifts, in the mixedwood temperate forests of Temiscamingue since AD 1830.","authors":"Daniela Robles, Yan Boulanger, Jesus Pascual, Victor Danneyrolles, Yves Bergeron, Igor Drobyshev","doi":"10.1007/s10980-025-02043-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10980-025-02043-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The vegetation composition of northeastern North American forests has significantly changed since pre-settlement times, with a marked reduction in conifer-dominated stands, taxonomic and functional diversity. These changes have been attributed to fire regime shifts, logging, and climate change.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we disentangled the individual effects of these drivers on the forest composition in southwestern Quebec from 1830 to 2000 by conducting retrospective modelling using the LANDIS-II forest landscape model. The model was run based on pre-settlement forest composition and fire history reconstructions, historical timber harvest records, and climate reanalysis data. We compared counterfactual scenarios excluding individual factors to a baseline historical scenario.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>Our results indicated that timber harvesting had the greatest impact on forest dynamics over the past centuries. In the absence of timber harvesting, pre-settlement species abundances were largely maintained, preserving key functional traits like fire and shade tolerance that contribute to ecosystem resilience. Increased fire activity during the settlement period contributed to the increase of early-successional aspen (Populus tremuloides), but timber harvesting played the dominant role. Fire exclusion had no influence on vegetation composition, suggesting mesophication unfolds over longer timescales than those captured in this study. Climate change, characterized by modest increases in temperature and precipitation, had a minor effect on vegetation shifts, as increased precipitation might have mitigated the adverse effects of rising temperatures. However, future climate change is projected to become a more significant driver of forest composition. These findings underscore the importance of forest restoration and continued research on past forest dynamics to better understand current and future changes.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-025-02043-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"40 2","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11753300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional connectivity for white-tailed deer drives the distribution of tick-borne pathogens in a highly urbanized setting.","authors":"Marie V Lilly, Myles Davis, Sara M Kross, Christopher R Konowal, Robert Gullery, Sung-Joo Lee, Katherine I Poulos, Nichar Gregory, Christopher Nagy, Duncan W Cozens, Doug E Brackney, Maria Del Pilar Fernandez, Maria Diuk-Wasser","doi":"10.1007/s10980-025-02101-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-025-02101-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>As cities seek to provide more habitat for wildlife, there may be unintended consequences of increasing tick-borne disease hazards. In the United States, the Northeast is both highly urban and a hotspot for blacklegged ticks (<i>Ixodes scapularis</i>) and tick-borne disease emergence. Though tick-borne disease was once considered a suburban and rural problem, tick-borne hazards in urban landscapes are increasing.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We hypothesized that multi-scale ecological processes hierarchically contribute to tick-borne hazards across an urbanization gradient. Urban greenspaces with higher functional connectivity to deer movement would have higher deer occupancy at the 'ecological neighborhood' scale, resulting in increased blacklegged tick populations and pathogen infection at the scale of within greenspaces.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To evaluate our hypothesis, we used circuit theory methods to model the impact of functional connectivity on deer occupancy, blacklegged tick abundance, and pathogen infected ticks across an urbanization gradient. We sampled nymphal ticks during their peak activity and deployed wildlife cameras to detect deer at 38 greenspaces across New York City and Long Island, NY from 2022 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that functional connectivity significantly predicted deer occupancy with cascading effects on abundance of blacklegged nymphal ticks and <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> infection. We novelly identified a threshold of functional connectivity in urban areas necessary for deer occupancy, tick populations, and tick infection with <i>B. burgdorferi</i>, to emerge in urban environments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We recommend targeted tick-borne hazard mitigation along this functional connectivity threshold as part of urban greenspace management plans. Additionally, we highlight the importance of examining multi-scale landscape drivers of host, tick, and pathogen interactions.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-025-02101-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"40 5","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between urban green infrastructure connectivity, size and multifunctionality: a systematic review.","authors":"Lei Li, Jeremy Carter","doi":"10.1007/s10980-025-02069-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10980-025-02069-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Urban green infrastructure (GI) multifunctionality is widely valued within the academic literature, and underpins calls from policy makers to enhance and expand GI resources. However, there is a gap in understanding concerning how GI connectivity and size influence GI multifunctionality outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives are to: (1) present the current status of research on urban GI multifunctionality (encompassing ecosystem services and disservices) and the GI traits of connectivity and size; (2) identify relationships between these topics within the literature; (3) provide research insights and present actionable GI planning recommendations based on the findings of the research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of 139 academic sources (2010-2023) was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key findings include that multifunctionality themes are more commonly considered within research exploring GI connectivity across urban boundaries than within them, where a wider range of flows of ecosystem functions and associated services (and disservices) are enabled. Also, research predominantly focuses on multiple large GI sites, with limited attention to the multifunctionality of single small GI sites that are commonly found in dense urban areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Greater consideration is needed of how the manipulation of GI size and connectivity influence multifunctionality outcomes, whilst also recognising the threat of ecosystem disservices emerging as a result of such actions. Through uncovering gaps in understanding concerning these issues, and highlighting topics benefiting from stronger research foundations, this research can support GI policy, practice and research in realising GI multifunctionality outcomes in urban settings, whilst minimising ecosystem disservices.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-025-02069-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"40 3","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nineteenth-century land use shapes the current occurrence of some plant species, but weakly affects the richness and total composition of Central European grasslands.","authors":"Gabriele Midolo, Hana Skokanová, Adam Thomas Clark, Marie Vymazalová, Milan Chytrý, Stefan Dullinger, Franz Essl, Jozef Šibík, Petr Keil","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-02016-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10980-024-02016-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Historical land use is thought to have influenced plant community diversity, composition and function through the local persistence of taxa that reflect ecological conditions of the past.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We tested for the effects of historical land use on contemporary plant species richness, composition, and ecological preferences in the grassland vegetation of Central Europe.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 6975 vegetation plots sampled between 1946 and 2021 in dry, mesic, and wet grasslands in the borderland between Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. Using 1819-1853 military maps, we assigned each plot to a historical land-use category (arable land, forest, grassland, settlement, permanent crop, and water body). We modeled the response of species richness, composition, and plant ecological preferences to the historical land use including contemporary covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteenth-century land use explained little overall variation in species richness and composition, whereas more variation was explained by contemporary environmental conditions. However, we found that ecological preferences of some species were associated with specific historical land uses. Specifically, species more frequently occurring in historically forested grasslands showed lower light and disturbance frequency indicator values, while those associated with former settlements displayed higher disturbance severity indicator values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that signatures of specific land-use conversions, including the restoration of grasslands in human-impacted areas, may still be detectable in grasslands even 200 years into the future. However, while local historical land use influences the occurrence of some species based on their ecological preferences, these effects do not significantly influence community species richness and total composition.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-024-02016-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"40 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The increasing role of drought as an inciting factor of bark beetle outbreaks can cause large-scale transformation of Central European forests.","authors":"Agnish Kumar Das, Marco Baldo, Laura Dobor, Rupert Seidl, Werner Rammer, Roman Modlinger, Prosper Washaya, Katarína Merganičová, Tomáš Hlásny","doi":"10.1007/s10980-025-02125-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10980-025-02125-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Historically, large-scale outbreaks of the European spruce bark beetle were initiated mainly by windthrows. However, after 2018, a severe drought triggered the hitherto largest bark beetle outbreak observed in Europe, signalling a major shift in the disturbance regime.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Develop and test an approach that allows simulating this novel disturbance dynamics and evaluate landscape-scale compound impacts of wind- and drought-initiated outbreaks throughout the twenty-first century.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We incorporated drought-initiated outbreaks into the forest landscape simulation model iLand, using critical values of vapour pressure deficit as the outbreak trigger. Forest management records and remote sensing-based disturbance maps were used to derive model parameters and evaluate simulated dynamics in a Central European forest landscape (41,000 hectares). The period 1961-2021 was used for model evaluation, and the years until 2100 for scenario analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><b>I</b>ncorporating drought as outbreak trigger led to a notable decoupling of wind and bark beetle disturbances, which have historically formed a typical disturbance cascade in European forests. While forest growing stock and species composition were resilient to a wind-dominated disturbance regime, this resilience diminished under the compounded impact of wind- and drought-triggered disturbances. The new disturbance regime caused a persistent decline in Norway spruce and resulted in an overall decrease in landscape-level growing stock.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings underscore the urgent need for new approaches to evaluate increasingly complex disturbance dynamics and suggest that the future impacts of bark beetles on forest landscapes may be greater than previously anticipated.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-025-02125-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"40 6","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}