Oceanology最新文献

{"title":"Seasonal Variability of Wind Wave Spectra in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov","authors":"A. D. Rybalko, S. A. Myslenkov, V. S. Arkhipkin","doi":"10.1134/s0001437023070172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001437023070172","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The spatial and seasonal variability of the wind wave frequency spectra in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov is studied based on the example of the 2020. Frequency spectra were computed with the WAVEWATCH III model on an irregular computational grid. To describe the variability of the spectra, a classification was developed. Twenty-two classes were found using cluster analysis. The classes differ in peak frequency, spectral density value, and shape. Each spectrum from the entire database was assigned to one of these classes. It was determined that the class with the less spectral density prevails in all seasons in both seas. The second most frequently occurring class has spatial and seasonal variability. The Sea of Azov is characterized by classes with a frequency of the main peak higher than in the Black Sea. A greater number of classes are distinguished in the open parts of the seas than in the coastal zone. Additionally, the percentage of spectra with two or more peaks was calculated. The percentage of such classes in the Black Sea does not exceed 1.5% on average, and the maximum is observed in winter (up to 19%) in the southeastern part. In the Sea of Azov, there are no two-peak spectra that meet the selected criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":54692,"journal":{"name":"Oceanology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140882274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentration and Composition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Bottom Sediments of the Barents and Norwegian Seas","authors":"E. V. Koltovskaya, I. A. Nemirovskaya","doi":"10.1134/s0001437023070056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001437023070056","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>The study analyzes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) isolated from bottom sediments of the Barents and Norwegian seas (2019–2021 cruises of the R/V <i>Akademik Mstislav Keldysh</i>). Elevated PAH concentrations (up to 16 900 ng/g) are recorded in the coastal region of the Svalbard archipelago, and low ones, in the Greenland Basin and the eponymous ridge (up to 80 ng/g), as well as on the continental slope of the Barents Sea (up to 240 ng/g on average). Among cata-condensed PAHs, 2–3 ring polyarenes are the most common: naphthalene, 1- and 2-methylnaphthalenes, and phenanthrene, while among peri-condensed PAHs, 4–6 ring polyarenes are the most typical: fluoranthene, pyrene, and benz(a)anthracene. Anthropogenic sources in the bottom sediments of the study area are of subordinate importance compared to their natural input from the sedimentary stratum with fluid fluxes and erosion.</p>","PeriodicalId":54692,"journal":{"name":"Oceanology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140882262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern High-Resolution Digital Elevation Model of the Kara Sea Bottom","authors":"A. A. Nedospasov, S. A. Shchuka, A. S. Shchuka","doi":"10.1134/s0001437023070111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001437023070111","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The digital elevation model (DEM) of the Kara Sea bottom was created on the basis of multiscale navigation charts from the Department of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The errors in the created DEM and publicly available IBCAO v3 DEM were calculated using data obtained during expeditions from 2007 to 2022 in the Kara Sea. The accuracy of these two DEMs was assessed using descriptive statistical methods, demonstrating significantly better seabed relief detail in the created DEM.</p>","PeriodicalId":54692,"journal":{"name":"Oceanology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonality of Heat Exchange on the Barents Sea Surface","authors":"A. A. Sumkina, K. K. Kivva, V. V. Ivanov","doi":"10.1134/s0001437023070196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001437023070196","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Over the past 40 years, the Arctic, and the Barents Sea in particular, has undergone considerable changes in the state of the atmosphere, sea ice, and water column, which are presumably beginning start to affect the duration of the warm period (when the sea uptakes heat from the atmosphere) and the cold period of the year (when the sea loses heat to the atmosphere). This study considers the interannual variability of the onset dates and duration of the warm and the cold periods of the year. Data on short- and long-wave radiation, as well as on sensible and latent atmospheric heat fluxes from the ERA5 reanalysis were used. HDBSCAN cluster analysis method has made it possible to identify four regions (clusters) with synchronous dynamics of the dates of transition of the heat balance through zero. Several delineated regions are located on the pathway of the Atlantic origin water in the Barents Sea. A vast region has been distinguished in the northern part of the sea, where the inflow of the cold Arctic water occurs, providing cooling and freshening of Atlantic water transported from the Norwegian Sea. A shift in the date of heating onset in the southern and southeastern parts to later dates (4–5 days per 10 years) and a shift to earlier dates in the northern and northeastern parts of the sea (4–5 days per 10 years) have been detected. For heating termination dates, the opposite situation shift compared to the heating onset dates is observed. In the southern part, there has been a shift to earlier dates (1–2 days per 10 years), and in the northern part, to later dates (4–5 days per 10 years).</p>","PeriodicalId":54692,"journal":{"name":"Oceanology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Variability of the Characteristics of the Black Sea Eddies Based on the Results of Their Three-Dimensional Identification Using NEMO Model Simulation","authors":"A. A. Kubryakov, A. I. Mizyuk","doi":"10.1134/s0001437023070081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001437023070081","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The vertical variability of the geometric, dynamic, and thermohaline characteristics of Black Sea eddies is studied using three-dimensional identification of closed streamlines based on the results of simulations of the NEMO model in 2006–2016. The vertical extent of eddies depends linearly on their orbital velocity and significantly affects the speed of their translation motion. The influence of the background current on the upper part of the eddy leads to the mean tilt of the vertical axis of anticyclones in the cyclonic direction and this tilt is maximum in the zone of the Black Sea Rim Current. The eddies occupying the upper layer (up to 150 m) move relatively quickly at a speed of 0.08–0.14 m/s, since they are advected by the Rim Current. The most intense eddy dynamics is observed over the continental slope in the upper 20–70 m layer, where the probability of observing eddies exceeds 30%. Several maxima appear in the surface layer on the shallow northwestern shelf near the mouths of the Danube, Southern Bug, and Dnieper rivers. The relationship between the orbital velocity of eddies, their thermohaline structure, and stratification were estimated. Stability decreases in anticyclonic eddies within the layer 40–100 m due to the lowering of the pycnocline, and in cyclones it increases due to its elevation; in the underlying layers a compensating change of the opposite sign is observed. However, as the orbital velocity increases in the eddies of both signs, a decrease in stratification occurs in the upper 0–100 m layer, which is probably associated with an increase in the vertical shear of the current velocity. Three-dimensional identification of eddies makes it possible to track in detail changes in the individual characteristics of an eddy during its evolution. Using the example of an eddy off the Anatolian coast, it is shown that intensification of anticyclones is associated with the processes of entrainment of shelf waters, which can be one of the important sources of potential energy for anticyclones in the Black Sea.</p>","PeriodicalId":54692,"journal":{"name":"Oceanology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Maximum Specific Photosynthetic Rate Algorithm Based on Remote Sensing Data: a Case Study for the Atlantic Ocean","authors":"A. S. Malysheva, P. V. Lobanova, G. H. Tilstone","doi":"10.1134/s000143702307010x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s000143702307010x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>New regional empirical algorithms were developed to obtain maximum specific photosynthetic rates of phytoplankton (<span>(P_{m}^{B})</span>) in the surface layer of the Atlantic Ocean. These algorithms were based on the dependence of <span>(P_{m}^{B})</span> on seawater temperature. Sea Surface Temperature remote sensing data and the PANGAEA global database of photosynthesis–irradiance parameters were used to test the algorithm. In addition, the variability in <span>(P_{m}^{B})</span>, both spatially (from 60° S to 85° N) and seasonally, (2002–2013) was estimated. The highest <span>(P_{m}^{B})</span> was obtained in December in areas of deep convection and the interaction between the Labrador Current and the Gulf Stream, while minimum values were observed in the northern and equatorial–tropical parts of the ocean during the time intervals between the phytoplankton blooms (March to September–October). In addition, existing <span>(P_{m}^{B})</span> and <span>(P_{{{text{opt}}}}^{B})</span> algorithms used in primary production models, as well as the <span>(P_{m}^{B})</span> algorithm developed using temperature and chlorophyll <i>a</i> data from AMT-29, which were then tested using the PANGAEA dataset. The results show that the new <span>(P_{m}^{B})</span> algorithm developed using seawater temperature data with regionally adjusted empirical coefficients correlated best with the in situ data.</p>","PeriodicalId":54692,"journal":{"name":"Oceanology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140882264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry of Ferromanganese Crusts of the Bering Sea","authors":"G. N. Baturin, A. N. Novigatsky","doi":"10.1134/s0001437023060024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001437023060024","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Ferromanganese crusts found in the Bering Sea on the Volcanology Massif, Alpha Fault Zone, and Shirshov Submarine Ridge that cover the surface of rocky volcanic structures are most likely the product of postvolcanic activity. The results indicate that the studied ferromanganese formations developed under the influence of two factors: slow precipitation of metals from ordinary seawater and metal-enriched hydrothermal solutions. In microstructural and mineralogical terms, the composition of Fe–Mn crusts of the Bering Sea proved rather monotonous. The ore part is represented mainly by ferruginous vernadite and, rarely, hematite in combination with amorphous silica, and to a lesser extent, montmorillonite, calcite, and aragonite. The manganese mineral todorokite, considered a reliable sign of hydrothermal origin of ore crusts, was not detected in our samples. In the studied samples, the reduced cerium anomaly (0.87) was established only in one sample, and in other samples, its value varies within 1.08–1.89, which is typical of the upper horizons in the ocean water column. At the same time, the europium anomaly is close to neutral, so in seven samples, its value is 0.96–1.03 (average 1.0) and only in three samples is it slightly elevated (1.05–1.07), which can be considered a very weak sign of hydrothermal activity. In addition, the presence of gold microinclusions in the ferromanganese phase can indirectly indicate the possible influence of hydrothermal factor on the crust composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":54692,"journal":{"name":"Oceanology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139398546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Seiche Oscillation Regimes in Sevastopol Bay","authors":"Yu. V. Manilyuk, D. I. Lazorenko, V. V. Fomin, D. V. Alekseev","doi":"10.1134/s0001437023060115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001437023060115","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Based on the ADCIRC hydrodynamic finite element model, various seiche oscillation regimes in a narrow extended deep-water bay are investigated with a case study of Sevastopol Bay. Long waves penetrating into the bay through its inlet are considered perturbations. Calculations are made for perturbations with periods of 2.5, 2.9, and 6.2 min, belonging to the eigenmodes of the bay with different spatial structure: transverse; longitudinal-transverse, and longitudinal, respectively. The impact of these perturbations leads to generation of not only resonance modes with periods close to the perturbation period, but also an intense Helmholtz mode that occurs after the perturbation ceases and leads to a significant increase in the amplitude of level oscillations. In studies of seiches caused by perturbations in the form of monochromatic long waves coming from the open sea, it was not possible to confirm that the greatest potential hazard to the coastal zone of an elongated deep-water bay is represented by the so-called extreme modes with a transverse structure. A mode with a structure close to transverse was generated, but its maximum amplitude was 2.5 times less than that of longitudinal-transverse and longitudinal seiches. The largest amplification of the incident waves was noted for the longitudinal-transverse mode with a period of 2.9 min.</p>","PeriodicalId":54692,"journal":{"name":"Oceanology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139398451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Сhanges in the Thermal Condition Trends in the Tropical Zone of the Pacific Ocean in 1982–2021","authors":"I. D. Rostov, E. V. Dmitrieva, N. I. Rudykh","doi":"10.1134/s0001437023060127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001437023060127","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Based on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, USA) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) climate data sets for 1982–2021, regional features and trends of interannual variations in water temperature in the upper 2200-m layer of the tropical Pacific Ocean were investigated, as well as their possible relationships with climatic characteristic variations. The obtained results describe the three-dimensional structure of temperature anomalies and heat content variability in the water column and warming rate in different areas for specific phases of the recent global warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":54692,"journal":{"name":"Oceanology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139398497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Benthic Microbial Fuel Cells in Systems of Year-Round Monitoring of Water Environment Parameters","authors":"N. N. Volchenko, A. A. Lazukin, S. I. Maslennikov, A. A. Pakhlevanyan, A. A. Samkov, A. A. Khudokormov","doi":"10.1134/s0001437023060164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001437023060164","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The bioelectrogenic activity of sediments of the natural microbial assemblage of Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, was studied in a year-round experiment with parallel temperature, illumination, and water electrical conductivity monitoring using benthic microbial fuel cells (MFC) and automatic online monitoring. Several variants of underwater devices, including benthic microbial fuel cells, monitoring water environment sensor, information collection and transmission systems, have been developed. This device has an electrical voltage of up to 216 mV and a specific power of up to 239 mW/m². The electrogenic activity of natural microflora depends on water temperature and reaches a maximum in summer with a temperature of about 20–25°C. The introduction of toxicants such as hydrocarbons and cadmium into sludge led to suppression of microbial electrogenesis. However, the introduction of inductor substances of microbial sulfidogenesis stimulated microbial electrogenesis. The possibility of functioning of the benthic MFC in the field of Peter the Great Bay in different climate periods is shown. It is demonstrated that such experimental devices can be a basis for autonomous stations monitoring the state of the marine environment over a long time period and in a wide range of changing conditions. Automatic recording of water temperature, illumination, and salinity with a frequency of 48 times a day was done over 13 months (November 28, 2019–December 31, 2020). The electrogenic activity of this microbiota upon MFC scaling can potentially become a new renewable energy source for low-power marine electronics, including those used in mariculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":54692,"journal":{"name":"Oceanology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139398537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}