Ocular Surface最新文献

{"title":"Readership awareness series – Paper 12: Clinician-scientist – Threats to the endangered species and preservation strategies","authors":"Mohammad Javed Ali (Editor-in-Chief), Ali Djalilian (Former Editor-in-Chief)","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 156-158"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel artificial intelligence model for diagnosing Acanthamoeba keratitis through confocal microscopy","authors":"Omar Shareef ,&nbsp;Mohammad Soleimani ,&nbsp;Elmer Tu ,&nbsp;Deborah Jacobs ,&nbsp;Joseph Ciolino ,&nbsp;Amir Rahdar ,&nbsp;Kasra Cheraqpour ,&nbsp;Mohammadali Ashraf ,&nbsp;Nabiha B. Habib ,&nbsp;Jason Greenfield ,&nbsp;Siamak Yousefi ,&nbsp;Ali R. Djalilian ,&nbsp;Hajirah N. Saeed","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model to diagnose <em>Acanthamoeba</em> keratitis (AK) based on <em>in vivo</em> confocal microscopy (IVCM) images extracted from the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph 3 (HRT 3).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective cohort study utilized HRT 3 IVCM images from patients who had received a culture-confirmed diagnosis of AK between 2013 and 2021 at Massachusetts Eye and Ear. Two cornea specialists independently labeled the images as AK or nonspecific finding (NSF) in a blind manner. Deep learning tasks were then conducted through Python and TensorFlow. Distinguishing between AK and NSF was designed as the task and completed through a devised convolutional neural network.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A dataset of 3312 confocal images from 17 patients with a culture-confirmed diagnosis of AK was used in this study. The inter-rater agreement for identifying the presence or absence of AK in IVCM images was 84 %, corresponding to a total of 2782 images on which both observers agreed and which were included in the model. 1242 and 1265 images of AK and NSF, respectively, were utilized in the training and validation sets, and 173 and 102 images of AK and NSF, respectively, were utilized in the evaluation set. Our model had an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 76 % each, and a precision of 78 %.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We developed an HRT-based IVCM AI model for AK diagnosis utilizing culture-confirmed cases of AK. We achieved good accuracy in diagnosing AK and our model holds significant promise in the clinical application of AI in improving early AK diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 159-164"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S154201242400079X/pdfft?md5=7b82fdbda4d6ef92bddd196de7a49563&pid=1-s2.0-S154201242400079X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic and lifestyle factors associated with dry eye disease in China: A cross-sectional multi-center study","authors":"Wanju Yang ,&nbsp;Haoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Jinghua Li ,&nbsp;Yuan Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Niu ,&nbsp;Xiujun Song ,&nbsp;Yuhong Tang ,&nbsp;Dan Chen ,&nbsp;Honglin Han ,&nbsp;Hai Huang ,&nbsp;Ying Bao ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Li ,&nbsp;Jianzhang Ye ,&nbsp;Yu Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiangxi Chen ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Congxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Tiehong Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Yu ,&nbsp;Shaowei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Associations were assessed between demographic/lifestyle factors and tear film breakup time (TBUT) defined dry eye disease (DED) in China.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The cross-sectional study involved 50,280 subjects (54 ± 17 y) in 217 clinics (25 provinces). Data included sleep disorders; digital screen exposure; and use of cosmetics, contact lenses, and eye drops (for asthenopia). Clinical examinations included TBUT; Schirmer I test; meibomian gland plug status. TBUT-defined DED was TBUT &lt;10 s, with TBUT ≤5 s also considered (i.e., short TBUT-type DED), either unilateral or bilateral.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>TBUT-defined DED was present in 81.6 % overall. The highest rates were in those 71 years or older, living in the north, with chronic daily sleep disorder, or daily cosmetic application; or daily digital screen exposure for 5 years, contact lenses 4 h, or 3 months eye drops. Compared with those without TBUT-defined DED, those with TBUT-defined DED showed lower Schirmer I results and more severe meibomian gland plug status (each, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Independent risk factors of DED were: aging; living in the southwest; daily digital screen exposure ≥3 h; and occasional cosmetic use. Risk factors of DED TBUT ≤5 s were: living in the southwest; wearing contact lenses (&gt;3 y); and using eye drops. Rates of unilateral and bilateral DED were comparable.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>DED in China is more likely in the aged and those in the north/southwest. DED rates increase with digital screen exposure, and use of cosmetics, contact lenses, or eye drops for asthenopia. Unilateral DED should be treated as promptly as bilateral.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 146-155"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remission of corneal and peripheral neuropathy after bariatric surgery in people with diabetes","authors":"Stuti L. Misra ,&nbsp;James A. Slater ,&nbsp;Rahul Makam ,&nbsp;Geoffrey D. Braatvedt ,&nbsp;Grant Beban ,&nbsp;Monika Pradhan ,&nbsp;Joseph L. Mankowski ,&nbsp;Jonathan D. Oakley ,&nbsp;Charles N.J. McGhee","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Diabetic peripheral neuropathy can be detected using non-invasive <em>in vivo</em> confocal microscopy of the cornea (IVCM) and such abnormalities may precede the development of clinical neuropathy. The current study aimed to assess any progression or remission of corneal and peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing bariatric surgery.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>People with known type 2 diabetes for at least five years and listed for bariatric surgery were recruited. Participants were assessed before, and 12, 26, and 52 weeks following bariatric surgery. IVCM and corneal sensitivity measurements were performed. A modified total neuropathy score (mTNS) was obtained from neuropathy questionnaire, clinical assessment and biothesiometry.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twenty-nine participants (M:F, 11:18) with mean BMI of 44.7 ± 6.4 kg/m², and 11 ± 7.6 years duration of diabetes, were assessed. Corneal sub-basal nerve fibre length (CNFL), displayed an increase from a baseline mean of 12.20 ± 1.00 to 17.48 ± 0.92 mm/mm² at 52 weeks (p &lt; 0.0001). Corneal sensitivity threshold displayed a decrease over time, thus corneal sensitivity improved, falling from a mean of 1.11 ±0 .15 to 0.62 ± 0.11 (mBAR) (p &lt; 0.0001). Clinical neuropathy scores demonstrated significant improvements from baseline, displaying a decrease in average mTNS score from 3.29 ± 0.68 to 0.76 ± 0.30 (p &lt; 0.0001). A significant inverse relationship was shown between CNFL and sensitivity (β coefficient = −0.047, p &lt; 0.001), and CNFL and mTNS (β coefficient = −0.178, p &lt; 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Bariatric surgery led to an improvement in metabolic control of diabetes and weight loss, along with improvement in corneal nerve microstructure, corneal sensitivity, and neuropathic symptoms, suggesting a reversal of both small and large fibre neuropathy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 140-145"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1542012424000752/pdfft?md5=67f505a827ca0a6e53e7af2e1ce415ad&pid=1-s2.0-S1542012424000752-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The roles of neural adaptation and sensitization in contact lens discomfort","authors":"Ping Situ ,&nbsp;Carolyn Begley ,&nbsp;Trefford Simpson","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To investigate the roles of neural adaptation and sensitization in contact lens discomfort (CLD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cooling stimuli (20 °C) were applied to the cornea in a group comprising 24 symptomatic and 25 asymptomatic contact lens (CL) wearers as well as 15 non-CL wearing controls, using a computerized Belmonte esthesiometer. The adaptation paradigm consisted of 20 repetitive stimuli at threshold, sub- and supra-threshold levels. The sensitization paradigm involved five levels of suprathreshold stimuli ranging between 1x to 2x threshold. Following each stimulus, participants rated the sensation magnitude regarding intensity, coolness and irritation. Measurements were taken with habitual CL (BL_CL), after 2 weeks of no-CL (No_CL) and after restarting habitual CL wear (ReSt_CL).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The symptomatic subjects exhibited a lower threshold but reported enhanced sensations during the adaptation and sensitization paradigm, compared to the asymptomatic and control groups (all p ≤ 0.021). At the BL_CL and ReSt_CL visits, they showed increased ratings to repeated subthreshold stimuli (p = 0.025) and greater irritation during the sensitization paradigm (p ≤ 0.032). Ratings in asymptomatic and control groups were relatively unchanged over time (p ≥ 0.181). Logistic regression revealed a link between the augmented sensory responses and increased likelihood with CLD.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The maladaptive sensory responses seen in CLD subjects, with reduced adaptation and heightened sensitization to ocular surface stimulation, suggest an imbalance between sensitization and adaptation in CLD. As CLD may represent a reversible subcategory of dry eye, it can serve as a human dry eye model for studying the neurosensory effect of ocular surface stimulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 132-139"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1542012424000727/pdfft?md5=6bb2ef1d0f29a2084e73134238b3ae37&pid=1-s2.0-S1542012424000727-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discriminative performance of ocular surface staining and lid wiper epitheliopathy in dry eye disease: An investigator-masked, prospective registry-based, diagnostic accuracy study","authors":"Michael T.M. Wang ,&nbsp;Barry Power ,&nbsp;Ally L. Xue ,&nbsp;Jennifer P. Craig","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To evaluate the diagnostic performance of corneal and conjunctival staining, and lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) in detecting dry eye disease, as defined by the global consensus Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II (TFOS DEWS II) criteria.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 2066 community residents (1285 females; mean ± SD age, 40 ± 19 years) were recruited in an investigator-masked, prospective registry-based, diagnostic accuracy study. Dry eye symptomology and ocular surface parameters were assessed in a single clinical session. The Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) corneal and conjunctival staining scoring and Korb lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) grading were evaluated by an independent masked assessor.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, 807 (39 %) participants fulfilled the TFOS DEWS II criteria for dry eye disease, of which 178 (9 %) participants were classified as moderate-to-severe disease. The discriminative abilities of superior and inferior LWE (C-statistics, 0.724 and 0.712, respectively) were greater than corneal and conjunctival staining (C-statistics, 0.573 and 0.627, respectively). The Youden-optimal diagnostic cut-offs for the SICCA corneal and conjunctival staining scores were both ≥1, and the optimal thresholds for the Korb superior and inferior LWE grades were both ≥1. LWE was more commonly detected in both mild-to-moderate and moderate-to-severe dry eye disease, and demonstrated more consistent correlation with other ocular surface parameters across a broader range of disease severity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>LWE demonstrates superior diagnostic performance relative to corneal and conjunctival staining. These findings would support the routine incorporation of LWE evaluation as part of the diagnostic workup of dry eye disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 165-172"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141750152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry eye disease adverse reaction of pharmacological treatment for early-stage breast cancer","authors":"Jiamu He ,&nbsp;Yifan Zhou ,&nbsp;Meng Xiu ,&nbsp;Yiyun Liu ,&nbsp;Baikai Ma ,&nbsp;Hongyu Duan ,&nbsp;Jiawei Chen ,&nbsp;Lu Zhao ,&nbsp;Qianqian Lan ,&nbsp;Yunke Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Hong Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide. With advancements in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis of patients with early-stage cancer has significantly improved. Enhancing the long-term quality of life of patients after antineoplastic therapy, including visual quality, has become a crucial research focus. This review aims to comprehensively summarize dry eye disease adverse reaction resulting from pharmacotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. Through a review of the relevant literature, this study explored the etiology, clinical features, and potential therapeutic strategies for drug-induced dry eye disease in breast cancer treatment. A thorough understanding of the medication-induced dry eye disease adverse reaction aid clinicians in monitoring and managing patients' ocular health more effectively, facilitating early diagnosis and intervention, preventing complications, and ensuring optimal visual protection for patients undergoing breast cancer treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity and efficacy of type I interferons on the ocular surface: in vitro, animal, and clinical studies","authors":"Young In Yun ,&nbsp;Jung Hwa Ko ,&nbsp;Jin Suk Ryu ,&nbsp;Seonghwan Kim ,&nbsp;Hyun Sun Jeon ,&nbsp;Namju Kim ,&nbsp;Mee Kum Kim ,&nbsp;Joo Youn Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To investigate the toxicity of type I interferons (IFNs) on the ocular surface and assess their efficacy in ocular surface tumors.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We examined the effects of IFN-α2a, IFN-α2b and IFN-β on corneal epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts <em>in vitro</em> as well as the impact of IFN-α2a on the ocular surface in mice. Additionally, we analyzed the therapeutic and adverse effects of topically administered IFN-α2a and IFN-α2b in patients with ocular surface tumors. Risk factors contributing to side effects were explored.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>IFN-α2a, IFN-α2b or IFN-β reduced cell viability and induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in corneal epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts. Furthermore, IFNs enhanced the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II and CD40 in corneal epithelial cells. In mice, subconjunctival IFN-α2a injection did not induce corneal epithelial defects or opacity, nor did it reduce aqueous tears or conjunctival goblet cells. In patients, topical IFN-α2a or IFN-α2b administration decreased tumor size and prevented recurrence; however, it was associated with mild side effects, including corneal epitheliopathy and conjunctival hyperemia. These complications were associated with longer IFN use, the presence of underlying ocular surface disease and concurrent use of mitomycin C or anti-glaucoma eye drops.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Although type I IFNs cause direct toxicity on corneal cells, they do not induce significant side effects on the healthy ocular surface. Considering its therapeutic and preventive effects, topical type I IFN is safe and effective for treating ocular surface tumors. The potential for ocular side effects should be considered in eyes with identified risk factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 96-107"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mpox Virus and its ocular surface manifestations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Mpox virus (MPXV) is the causative agent of human Mpox disease – a debilitating rash illness similar to smallpox. Although Clade I MPXV has remained endemic to West and Central Africa, Clade II MPXV has been responsible for many outbreaks worldwide. The most recent outbreak in 2022 resulted from the rapid spread of a new clade of MPXV, classified into Clade IIb – a distinct lineage from the previously circulating viral strains. The rapid spread and increased severity of Mpox disease by the Clade IIb strain have raised the serious public health imperative of better understanding the host and viral determinants during MPXV infection. In addition to typical skin rashes, including in the periorbital area, MPXV causes moderate to severe ophthalmic manifestations – most commonly, ocular surface complications (e.g., keratitis, conjunctivitis, blepharitis). While ocular manifestations of Clade I Mpox within the Congo basin have been well-reported, global incidence trends of ocular Mpox cases by Clade IIb are still emerging. Given the demonstrated ability of all MPXV strains to auto-inoculate ocular tissue, alongside the enhanced transmissibility of the Clade IIb virus, there is an urgent need to elucidate the mechanisms by which MPXV causes ocular anomalies. In this review, we discuss the viral and genomic structures of MPXV, the epidemiology, and pathology of systemic and ocular Mpox, as well as potential prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 108-121"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scrambler therapy as a novel treatment for unilateral ocular neuropathic pain","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 122-123"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141478302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}