Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research最新文献_第5页

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5Nx in Poland in 2020/2021: a Descriptive Epidemiological Study of a Large-scale Epidemic 波兰2020/2021年高致病性禽流感H5Nx:大规模疫情的描述性流行病学研究

IF 2.7 3区农林科学

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0017

K. Śmietanka, Edyta Świętoń, K. Wyrostek, E. Kozak, K. Tarasiuk, Natalia Styś-Fijoł, Kamila Dziadek, K. Niemczuk

{"title":"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5Nx in Poland in 2020/2021: a Descriptive Epidemiological Study of a Large-scale Epidemic","authors":"K. Śmietanka, Edyta Świętoń, K. Wyrostek, E. Kozak, K. Tarasiuk, Natalia Styś-Fijoł, Kamila Dziadek, K. Niemczuk","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks caused by the Gs/Gd lineage of H5Nx viruses occur in Poland with increased frequency. The article provides an update on the HPAI situation in the 2020/2021 season and studies the possible factors that caused the exceptionally fast spread of the virus. Material and Methods Samples from poultry and wild birds delivered for HPAI diagnosis were tested by real-time RT-PCR and a representative number of detected viruses were submitted for partial or full-genome characterisation. Information yielded by veterinary inspection was used for descriptive analysis of the epidemiological situation. Results The scale of the epidemic in the 2020/2021 season was unprecedented in terms of duration (November 2020–August 2021), number of outbreaks in poultry (n = 357), wild bird events (n = 92) and total number of affected domestic birds (approximately ~14 million). The major drivers of the virus spread were the harsh winter conditions in February 2020 followed by the introduction of the virus to high-density poultry areas in March 2021. All tested viruses belonged to H5 clade 2.3.4.4b with significant intra-clade diversity and in some cases clearly distinguished clusters. Conclusion The HPAI epidemic in 2020/2021 in Poland struck with unprecedented force. The conventional control measures may have limited effectiveness to break the transmission chain in areas with high concentrations of poultry.","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89182940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

ASF -survivors’ Sera Do Not Inhibit African Swine Fever Virus Replication in Vitro 非洲猪瘟幸存者血清体外不抑制非洲猪瘟病毒复制

IF 2.7 3区农林科学

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0016

M. Walczak, M. Juszkiewicz, K. Szymankiewicz, A. Szczotka-Bochniarz, G. Woźniakowski

{"title":"ASF -survivors’ Sera Do Not Inhibit African Swine Fever Virus Replication in Vitro","authors":"M. Walczak, M. Juszkiewicz, K. Szymankiewicz, A. Szczotka-Bochniarz, G. Woźniakowski","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes one of the most dangerous diseases of pigs and wild boar – African swine fever (ASF). Since its second introduction into Europe (in 2007), the disease has been spreading consistently, and now ASF-free European countries are at risk. Complex interactions between the host’s immune system and the virus have long prevented the development of a safe vaccine against ASF. This study analysed the possibility of neutralisation of the ASFV in vitro by sera collected from ASF-survivor animals. Material and Methods Two pig and three wild boar serum samples were collected from previously selected potential ASF survivors. All sera presented high antibody titres (>5 log10/mL). Primary alveolar macrophages were cultured in growth medium containing 10% and 20% concentrations of selected sera and infected with a haemadsorbing ASFV strain (Pol18_28298_O111, genotype II). The progress of infection was investigated under a light microscope by observing the cytopathic effect (CPE) and the haemadsorption phenomenon. Growth kinetics were investigated using a real-time PCR assay. Results Haemadsorption inhibition was detected in the presence of almost all selected sera; however, the inhibition of virus replication in vitro was excluded. In all samples, a CPE and decreasing quantification cycle values of the viral DNA were found. Conclusion Anti-ASFV antibodies alone are not able to inhibit virus replication. Interactions between the humoral and cellular immune response which effectively combat the disease are implicated in an ASF-survivor’s organism.","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"21 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86962450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Dirofilaria Repens in Dogs and Humans in Slovenia 斯洛维尼亚的狗和人出现了Dirofilaria

IF 2.7 3区农林科学

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0008

T. Kotnik, A. V. Rataj, B. Šoba

{"title":"Dirofilaria Repens in Dogs and Humans in Slovenia","authors":"T. Kotnik, A. V. Rataj, B. Šoba","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction The prevalence of Dirofilaria repens in dogs in countries bordering Slovenia ranges from 1.5% to 47.3%. The aim of this study was to estimate its prevalence in Slovenian dogs and to present the cases of dirofilariasis diagnosed in humans from 2010 to 2020. Material and Methods Epidemiological data were collected and blood samples were taken from 465 dogs older than one year and born in Slovenia. A real-time PCR was performed on all samples to detect filarioid DNA, and a D. repens-and D. immitis-specific real-time PCR was performed on positive samples. Blood samples from 446 dogs were tested for Dirofilaria spp. using a modified Knott’s test. Human cases were diagnosed from histological sections of excised subcutaneous nodules. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise the samples. The one-sample nonparametric chi-squared test was used to assess whether categories of a variable were equally distributed. Results Three dogs’ samples tested positive for D. repens using the species-specific real-time PCR, while D. immitis DNA was not detected. The modified Knott’s test was positive in two of the three PCR-positive dogs, two of which had never travelled outside Slovenia’s borders. Four human patients with D. repens dirofilariasis were diagnosed. Since their travel history was unknown, autochthonous transmission could not be confirmed. Conclusion Our study demonstrated a 0.64% prevalence of D. repens infection in dogs in Slovenia. Two cases could be autochthonous.","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"117 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87103368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Prevalence of Infectious Diseases on Dairy Farms Classified on The Basis of Their Biosecurity Score 基于生物安全评分的奶牛场传染病流行情况分类

IF 2.7 3区农林科学

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0006

L. Perillo, G. Cascone, F. Antoci, G. Piccione, C. Giannetto, Rosario Salonia, F. Salina, E. Giudice, V. Monteverde, F. Licitra

{"title":"Prevalence of Infectious Diseases on Dairy Farms Classified on The Basis of Their Biosecurity Score","authors":"L. Perillo, G. Cascone, F. Antoci, G. Piccione, C. Giannetto, Rosario Salonia, F. Salina, E. Giudice, V. Monteverde, F. Licitra","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between biosecurity as scored on the Italian National Animal Welfare Reference Centre (Centro di Referenza Nazionale per il Benessere Animale – CReNBA) checklist and the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Chlamydophila abortus and Neospora caninum on dairy farms located in Ragusa, Italy. Material and Methods The checklist was used to assign an animal welfare score to 31 dairy farms. Twenty-one farms with a moderate score (>33%, <66%) formed group 1, and 10 farms with a high score (>66%) were group 2. Blood samples were collected from all cows on each farm to investigate the titres of antibodies against the relevant pathogens. Two-way analysis of variance was applied to assess differences between the two experimental groups and the Mann–Whitney test was applied to evaluate prevalence differences in the tested parasites between the groups. Results All tested farms had a score that classified them as either good or excellent. A higher incidence of Neospora caninum was observed in group 1. The incidences of the other two parasites were no different between the two groups. Conclusion The CReNBA checklist represents an impartial, reproducible, functional and smart instrument based on risk analysis and assigns a farm a mathematical animal welfare score. Among the parasites tested for, only Neospora caninum had prevalence influenced by biosecurity. Our preliminary results highlighted the positive associations between good animal welfare, high levels of biosecurity, and the prevention of the infectious diseases caused by the parasites in our focus, which are common on dairy farms.","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"103 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88563012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Mycobacteria Isolated from Ornamental Fish 观赏鱼分枝杆菌的抗生素敏感性研究

IF 2.7 3区农林科学

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0011

L. Guz, K. Puk

{"title":"Antibiotic Susceptibility of Mycobacteria Isolated from Ornamental Fish","authors":"L. Guz, K. Puk","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognised as causative agents of opportunistic infections in humans for which effective treatment is challenging. There is very little information on the prevalence of NTM drug resistance in Poland. This study was aimed to evaluate the susceptibility to antibiotics of NTM, originally isolated from diseased ornamental fish. Material and Methods A total of 99 isolates were studied, 50 of them rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) (among which three-quarters were Mycobacterium chelonae, M. peregrinum, and M. fortuitum and the rest M. neoaurum, M. septicum, M. abscessus, M. mucogenicum, M. salmoniphilum, M saopaulense, and M. senegalense). The other 49 were slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) isolates (among which only one was M. szulgai and the bulk M. marinum and M. gordonae). Minimum inhibitory concentrations for amikacin (AMK), kanamycin (KAN), tobramycin (TOB), doxycycline (DOX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clarithromycin (CLR), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP) were determined. Results The majority of the isolates were susceptible to KAN (95.95%: RGM 46.46% and SGM 49.49%), AMK (94.94%: RGM 45.45% and SGM 49.49%), CLR (83.83%: RGM 36.36% and SGM 47.47%), SMX (79.79%: RGM 30.30% and SMG 49.49%), CIP (65.65%: RGM 24.24% and SGM 41.41%), and DOX (55.55%: RGM 9.06% and SGM 46.46%). The majority were resistant to INH (98.98%: RGM 50.50% and SGM 48.48%) and RMP (96.96%: RGM 50.50% and SGM 46.46%). Conclusion The drug sensitivity of NTM varies from species to species. KAN, AMK, CLR and SMX were the most active against RGM isolates, and these same four plus DOX and CIP were the best drugs against SGM isolates.","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"69 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82534142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Comparison of Commercial Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays for Diagnosis of Contagious Agalactia Caused By Mycoplasma Agalactiae 商用酶联免疫吸附法诊断无乳支原体致传染性无乳的比较

IF 2.7 3区农林科学

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0010

A. Sánchez, A. Contreras, MA Sánchez-Corral, Carmen Martínez-Nista, S. Collado, J. L. Sáez, O. Mínguez, C. de la Fe

{"title":"Comparison of Commercial Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays for Diagnosis of Contagious Agalactia Caused By Mycoplasma Agalactiae","authors":"A. Sánchez, A. Contreras, MA Sánchez-Corral, Carmen Martínez-Nista, S. Collado, J. L. Sáez, O. Mínguez, C. de la Fe","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Contagious agalactia (CA) is a disease affecting small ruminants with worldwide distribution and caused by several mycoplasmas, especially M. agalactiae. The main option for systematic diagnosis under monitoring control programmes is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Material and Methods This study was designed to appraise the performance of two commercial indirect ELISA tests using M. agalactiae p48 protein and one using total protein, for antibody detection in small ruminants after natural infection with different M. agalactiae strains. We carried out the test evaluation using sera of confirmed M. agalactiae-positive goats with clinical signs. In addition, test agreement was assessed by kappa between the three commercial ELISA tests. Results All three ELISA tests showed high validity scores (Youden’s J: 72.9–84%). The sensitivity values for the P48 protein-based tests were 76.9% and 84.6%, and was 79% for the total protein-based test. The specificity of all tests was 100%. In addition, between the total protein-based ELISA test and the other two ELISA tests based on the P48 protein, the agreement was substantial (kappa: 0.762–0.763) and the agreement between the latter two tests was almost perfect (kappa: 0.93). Conclusion The validity parameters for all tests allowed their application for diagnostic purposes in lactating goats excreting M. agalactiae in milk and presenting clinical signs. The agreements show that any of these ELISA tests could be equally well used for diagnosis in programmes against CA.","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"95 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88653858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Potential Risk of International Spread of Mycobacterium Bovis Associated with Movement of Alpacas 与羊驼活动有关的牛分枝杆菌国际传播的潜在风险

IF 2.7 3区农林科学

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0012

M. Krajewska-Wędzina, M. Miller, A. Didkowska, A. Kycko, Łukasz Radulski, M. Lipiec, M. Weiner

{"title":"The Potential Risk of International Spread of Mycobacterium Bovis Associated with Movement of Alpacas","authors":"M. Krajewska-Wędzina, M. Miller, A. Didkowska, A. Kycko, Łukasz Radulski, M. Lipiec, M. Weiner","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction The study highlights the transboundary nature of tuberculosis (TB) in alpacas and the failure of current ante-mortem testing protocols (the tuberculin skin and Enferplex Camelid TB tests) to identify TB-free alpaca herds and individuals for export. Our research and the available literature indicate that the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is extremely susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis infection, and that testing periodicity fails to take into account that animals do not manifest disease symptoms for a long time. The skin test failed to identify Mycobacterium bovis infection in two alpacas prior to their movement from the UK to Poland. The animals were purchased by a breeding centre in Poland, and were then shown at an international animal exhibition. The last owner of the alpacas before their deaths from TB bought the infected animals unwittingly in order to run rehabilitation activities with disabled children on his farm. Material and Methods Thoracic lymph node, lung and liver tissue samples obtained at necropsy were examined histopathologically after Ziehl–Neelsen staining. Tissue samples were homogenised and mycobacteria present there were cultured on Stonebrink’s medium during a 6-week incubation. A commercial test using polymorphism of the chromosomal direct repeat region provided species identification and additional identification was by spacer oligonucleotide typing and mycobacteria interspersed repetitive unit–variable number tandem repeat analysis with a gel electrophoresis protocol. Results The microbiological examination confirmed multiorgan TB caused by the SB0666 spoligotype of Mycobacterium bovis. Conclusion Due to the suboptimal performance of current diagnostic tests for TB in alpacas, there is a risk that infected animals may be moved unwittingly. A risk of TB spread associated with the international movement of alpacas is implied by this study.","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"53 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81667886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

In Vitro and in Vivo Activity of Lactobacillus Sakei L14 Strain Against Campylobacter Jejuni DC3 Strain 酒井乳杆菌L14对空肠弯曲杆菌DC3的体内外活性研究

IF 2.7 3区农林科学

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0015

J. Catacutan, Ma. Socorro Edden P. Subejano, Gil M Penuliar

{"title":"In Vitro and in Vivo Activity of Lactobacillus Sakei L14 Strain Against Campylobacter Jejuni DC3 Strain","authors":"J. Catacutan, Ma. Socorro Edden P. Subejano, Gil M Penuliar","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Domestic poultry is a natural reservoir of Campylobacter, the host–pathogen interaction being predominantly asymptomatic. This study investigated whether chickens remain asymptomatic partly because of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Material and Methods Campylobacter spp. and LAB were isolated from the gut of poultry chickens using enrichment and screening assays and were identified via rDNA sequencing. The C. jejuni DC3 isolate was grown in different cell-free supernatants (CFS) generated from a priority LAB isolate. An in vivo challenge involving the C. jejuni and LAB isolates using a chicken model was performed to confirm the in vitro findings. Results Twelve presumptive LAB isolates had anti-C. jejuni activity based on cross-streak and agar plug assays, with Lactobacillus sakei L14 isolate exhibiting the highest activity. Inhibition by L. sakei L14 CFS of the growth of C. jejuni occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Campylobacter jejuni DC3 inhibition was most evident in CFS harvested at 72 h and produced by co-culture with the pathogen. Neutralisation of the CFS abrogated the observed inhibition. Co-infection with C. jejuni DC3 and L. sakei L14 in vivo, however, failed to inhibit C. jejuni colonisation in chickens. Conclusion The results suggest that the anti-C. jejuni effect of L. sakei L14 in chickens may be due to mechanisms other than direct inhibition of growth.","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"85 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73855955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Occurrence of Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale in Polish Turkey Flocks 波兰火鸡禽群中鼻气管炎鸟杆菌的发生

IF 2.7 3区农林科学

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0014

O. Kursa, G. Tomczyk, Anna Sawicka-Durkalec

{"title":"Occurrence of Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale in Polish Turkey Flocks","authors":"O. Kursa, G. Tomczyk, Anna Sawicka-Durkalec","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry around the world. The bacterium often affects poultry as part of multiple infections causing very serious clinical signs that are usually not limited only to the respiratory system. This study’s main objective was the retrospective detection and identification of ORT in turkey flocks. Material and Methods ORT identification was performed in 6,225 samples taken from 133 different flocks between 2015 and 2020. Molecular methods were used, specifically real-time PCR and traditional PCR. We focused on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates, which were compared with sequences obtained from GenBank. The reaction products were analysed phylogenetically. Molecular methods indicating secondary infections was carried out, and the bacterial composition of the upper respiratory tract was 16S metasequenced for selected flocks to identify any other pathogens. Results The presence of ORT was detected in 30.83% of samples by real-time PCR and 28.57% by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of the PCR products from the turkeys samples showed that their sequences resolved into two main genetic groups. Tests for the occurrence of secondary infections showed the presence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae in some samples but the total absence of Bordetella avium. The upper respiratory tract in turkeys was dominated by two major phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the genera Ornithobacterium, Mycoplasma, Gallibacterium, Avibacterium, and Escherichia-Shigella were found which may include pathogenic bacteria that can cause clinical symptoms. Conclusion The results of the analysis of multiple infection carried out in flocks with respiratory signs are probably associated with outbreaks of ornithobacteriosis in turkey flocks in Poland.","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"77 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90349661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Development of a Real-time TaqMan PCR Assay for The Detection of Porcine Circovirus 4 猪圆环病毒4型实时TaqMan PCR检测方法的建立

IF 2.7 3区农林科学

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0004

Wanting Chen, Dike Jiang, Lu Xiao, Pengfei Zhang, Yan Luo, Zexiao Yang, X. Yao, Yin Wang, Xulong Wu

{"title":"Development of a Real-time TaqMan PCR Assay for The Detection of Porcine Circovirus 4","authors":"Wanting Chen, Dike Jiang, Lu Xiao, Pengfei Zhang, Yan Luo, Zexiao Yang, X. Yao, Yin Wang, Xulong Wu","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was first discovered in 2019 in a herd of pigs with porcine respiratory disease, dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in Hunan Province, China. It has subsequently been detected in other provinces and in South Korea. In consideration of the potential of the virus to cause an epidemic, rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of PCV4 is needed, as is the facilitation of further epidemiological research through elucidation of the whole genome of PCV4. This study had those two aims. Material and Methods Fifty-five blood samples, two pig tissue samples, nine saliva swabs and one semen sample which all originated from Sichuan province pig farms were analysed. The virus’ genome of 1,770 bp was synthesised artificially based on a Chinese reference strain and primers and probes for the ORF2 gene were designed. Then, the amplified target fragment was cloned into the pMD19-T vector and a series of diluted recombinant plasmids were used to generate a standard curve. An optimised real-time TaqMan PCR method was established. Results The results of this study showed that the established method is specific for PCV4 but not for other viruses, and has amplification efficiency of 99.6%, a regression squared value (R2) of 1.000 and a detection limit of 2.2×10 DNA copies. This method was shown to be analytically specific and sensitive with a low intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation (<1.67 %). Of a total of 67 clinical samples tested using the established method, three were shown to be positive (4%). Conclusion This study confirms the existence of PCV4 in Sichuan and provides a promising alternative tool for rapid detection of PCV4.","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"287 1 1","pages":"29 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72905143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3