Physics and Chemistry of the Earth最新文献

{"title":"Multicriteria evaluation of cropland suitability using multisource datasets of satellite remote sensing and ground observation","authors":"Danish Raza ,&nbsp;Hong Shu ,&nbsp;Sahar Mirza ,&nbsp;Hasnat Aslam ,&nbsp;Aqil Tariq ,&nbsp;Rana Waqar Aslam ,&nbsp;Hafsa Aeman ,&nbsp;Muhsan Ehsan ,&nbsp;Maryam Muhammad Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential of agriculture land monitoring serves as the lifeblood of communities, nourishing populations and fostering economic growth on a global scale. Towards the advancement of the computational approach, this study employed an analytical hierarchal process modeling for agriculture land suitability assessment by integrating a comprehensive array of 4 major criteria with a decision matrix, including 19 influencing parameters. This research incorporates the field data, including soil chemical and physical properties, irrigation water accessibility and irrigation water quality parameters, which are analyzed with cutting-edge remote sensing data layers and climatic variables using an integrated modelling approach. Thorough field observations and integrated methodology improved the conventional practices by considering the close interactions between soil, irrigation water, cropland and topography. The most innovative aspect of this research is based upon the seamless fusion of data layers of different datasets, which improves agriculture's suitability. Pairwise comparisons are systematically conducted to assign weights to each parameter, ensuring a robust decision-support framework with weighted overlay. The finding showed that the 72209.03 acres (9.13 %) cropland is highly suitable, whereas the 717738.48 acres (90.77 %) area is suitable, and the 788.49 acres (0.1 %) area is less suitable for crop cultivation. The study emphasizes the significance of each parameter in influencing suitability, contributing valuable insights into sustainable land management practices. The findings provide meaningful information for policymakers, land use planners and agriculture stakeholders interested in optimizing land management strategies to ensure sustainable agriculture development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103978"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering sediment pathways: Novel integrated approaches for sediment source identification and vulnerability prediction by machine learning models in major dam catchments in Chota Nagpur plateau, India","authors":"Sk Asraful Alam,&nbsp;Ramkrishna Maiti","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103974","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The declining storage capacity of major dam reservoirs in the Chota Nagpur Plateau is primarily attributed to excessive sedimentation from upper catchments. However, identifying sediment source zones and understanding sediment connectivity remains a challenge. This study introduces an integrated ‘RUSLE–IC–SDR-SWAT-SEH-ML’ framework to assess reservoir sedimentation by combining soil erosion hotspots (SEH) with sediment connectivity pathways. The methodology was applied to the Maithon, Panchet, and Tenughat dam catchments to evaluate sediment yield (SY) variations. The results indicate an increasing trend in severe soil erosion (SE) across all catchments, with Maithon exhibiting an increase from 0.74 % to 1.36 % (Δ0.31, R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.65), Panchet from 1.78 % to 3.58 % (Δ0.285, R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.52), and Tenughat from 0.92 % to 1.49 % (Δ0.7, R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.69). The SWAT model estimated mean SY at 9.146 &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;h&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Tenughat), 5.871 &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;h&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Panchet), and 7.662 &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;h&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Maithon). Machine learning analysis showed SVM as the best performer for Maithon and Tenughat, while RF was superior for Panchet (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.998, 0.994) in predicting SY vulnerability. The extent of well-connected areas increased from 14.45 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; to 17.69 sq.km in Maithon, 21.22 sq.km to 26.64 sq.km in Panchet, and 18.77 sq.km to 22.96 sq.km in Tenughat, indicating an intensifying risk of sediment input into the reservoirs. The Mantel test confirmed that key variables explained 90–97 % of SY variance across the catchments (p &lt; 0.001). ANOVA results showed a statistically significant difference (p &lt; 0.001) within the catchments, while the LSD post-hoc test revealed significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) between Maithon and Panchet, as well as Panchet and Tenughat. The observed differences between the Panchet and Tenughat dams (p &lt; 0.001) are attributed to the regulation of water and sediment flow in the Panchet Dam's upper catchment through the Tenughat Dam. Additionally, the Panchet Dam catchment exhibited the highest sediment yield due to extensive mining activities, leading to significant statistical differences compared to Maithon. This study underscores the importance of integrating sediment connectivity analysis and machine learning models for effective reservoir sediment management. The findings provide","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103974"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term simulation of process and hydrogeochemistry of gas field produced water reinjection into a limestone reservoir","authors":"Bo Liu ,&nbsp;Weifeng Jing ,&nbsp;Daixi Long ,&nbsp;Jiahong Li ,&nbsp;Dan Ding ,&nbsp;Kunpeng Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large water volumes have been injected to enhance oil and gas recovery. However, the generated oil or gas-produced water (GPW) may contain undesirable and harmful substances. Reinjection of GPW into suitable subsurface formations is considered an effective disposal method. In this study, a numerical model of vertical-radial two dimensional well flow was developed to explore the long-term process and hydrogeochemistry of GPW reinjection into a limestone formation, which is considered as a homogeneous equal thickness reservoir. The obtained results indicated that there was an increase in the reservoir pressure at the reinjection well from 150 to 251.4 Bar at a reinjection rate of 300 m³/day. The pressure propagation range extended up to approiximately 3300 m during the injection. Calcite volume caused a maximum volume fraction change of −0.91, corresponding to a dissolution rate of 0.083/year, which increased the reservoir porosity to over 0.9. Reservoir pH values were altered within 90 m of the reinjection well as a result of water-rock interaction. Additionally, concentrations of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻, and SO₄²⁻ in the reservoir were affected within 2000–3000 m from the reinjection well due to injection pressure, water-rock interactions, and diffusion. This study provides insights into assessing the environmental behaviors of GPW in reservoirs, and ensuring safe, and effective long-term GPW reinjection; though accuracy and reliability of the model requires further validation using practical monitoring data in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103976"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development in flood forecasting: A comprehensive review of complex and machine learning models","authors":"Samyah Salem Refadah","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The usefulness of Machine learning (ML) and Artificial intelligence (AI) models in flood prediction is an important field that has recently attracted much attention. ML measures can increase the correctness and timeliness of flood forecasts, which is essential for reducing the damage that floods cause to property and human life. In the last 20 years, ML models have been more helpful to creating more precise and cost-effective prediction systems. Assessment of the ML models' resilience, accuracy, efficacy, and speed: this study reviews the literature on benchmarking ML models for flood prediction. Therefore, it is compared and contrasted many ML algorithms to assess their performance in short- and long-term flood prediction. The study investigates the applicability of each algorithm for different flood prediction scenarios. Furthermore, the work finds ways to enhance the flood prediction model. These trends include hybridization, data decomposition, and model ensemble using satellite-based impact analysis. These models and methods can increase the precision and dependability of flood prediction models, leading to more efficient flood control plans. It provides an extensive overview of different models used for flood prediction, their strengths, limitations, and performance compared with other models. The potential of ML models to minimize the damage associated with floods and reduce the loss of human life focus. Overall, this review article highlights the importance of ML models and methods for flood forecasting and gives functional visions into the deepest learning models and techniques for the correctness of models performance on the flood forecasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103975"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic attributes and spectral waveform-constrained porosity-controlled dynamical simulations of lower-Cretaceous shale gas-bearing Lowstands prograding wedges and deep-water submarine fans, NE-Indus rifting delta","authors":"Muhammad Tayyab Nasser","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103969","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Quantitative seismic reservoir simulations are an accurate estimation tool for quantitative imaging of lowstand prograding wedge systems (LPW) of deep-water shale gas-bearing submarine fans. These LPWs are filled with coarse-grained sandstone lenses deposited during a significant sea-level fall, followed by a minimal rise. The key implication for imaging these LPWs is whether the shelf-break was developed. These are the key concerns that decide whether the shale gas systems are developed at the inner shelf edge or outer shelf-edge deltaic systems. During the development of stratigraphic traps, the sea level has a strong influence on the facies migrations and depositions. Additionally, the Indus Delta is dominated by the divergent plate margins. Therefore, there must be normal fault systems. These normal fault systems have played their role either in providing the lateral seals or the migration pathways for exploration of LPWs from this zone. Hence, the exploration becomes very ambiguous due to the influence of sea level and tectonics. Therefore, poor frequency-controlled sub-seismic data are constrained to quantify the LPW's reservoir rock types, thicknesses, location, inclination of LPW, fluid dynamics impedances contrasts (IDS) of low-frequency anomalies of hydrocarbon-bearing sandstones, and stratigraphic pinch-out zones. This research utilizes spectral attributes consortium and spectral waveform-constrained porosity-controlled quantitative dynamical simulations (PHVAS) on a gas field, NE-Indus Onshore. The 28-Hz envelope sub-bands-based (28-ESB) horizon slice have imaged 13 m thick and coarse-grained sandstones-bearing LPW at amplitude mapping, but failed to predict the inclined surfaces of LPW from the mid-to-upper slope geomorphology. Conventional PHVAS simulations with an R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt; 0.70 produced LPW thicknesses of 20–44 m and impedance values of −0.883 gm./cc∗m/s, but remained poor in resolving the top sealing layer. 28-ESB PHVAS shows R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &gt; 0.95 at seismic-based porosity [SBP] [%] of 25–30 %, images 42-48-m thick [STS] for organically-rich shale-plugged LPW at &lt;2° inclination and highest sedimentary influx at −0.303gm./cc.∗m/s [SIS]. Western zones at 28-ESB experience −0.28 and −0.303gm./cc.∗m/s SIS and 28-Hz low-frequency anomaly below LPW, implicating regionally developed hydrocarbon-bearing progradational-to-aggradational sedimentary traps along horizontally-fluctuating SIS during fall-to-standstill sea-level. Eastern zones at 28-ESB PHVAS experience −0.2 and −0.169-gm/c.c.∗m/s SIS, 8-10-m STS lateral transgressive seal at 5–10 % SBP, which are inclined at &gt;5°, implicating rising sea-level and stratigraphic pinch-out. PHVAS has also predicted no-fault and shelf-break exposure along this shale gas system. This indicates that the LPW was developed in the upper slope zones of LPW. This implies that the vertical and lateral migrations were categorically controlled by the vertical and lateral changes in","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103969"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A statistical approach towards performance of infiltration models with field infiltration values","authors":"David Sunith John ,&nbsp;Abdu Rahiman K.U. ,&nbsp;Subha Vishnudas","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infiltration is the process of seepage of water into the soil surface and it governs the ground water replenishment by acting as a vital component in the hydrological cycle. Data pertaining to infiltration may lead to estimation of runoff and even ground water monitoring associated with a catchment area. The natural process of infiltration is influenced by several factors, including soil properties, hydraulic conductivity, and the landform characteristics of the catchment area. Although well-defined experimental procedures are commonly employed to measure field infiltration rates over time through the ground surface, mathematical models of infiltration also serve as valuable tools. These models are particularly useful in situations where direct field measurements are unavailable, enabling the estimation of infiltration rates based on known environmental and soil parameters. The consistency and reliability of such infiltration models with double ring infiltration values needs to be analyzed to identify the best fit model in various geographic and soil conditions. The present study evaluates the reliability of various infiltration models by comparing their performance against field-measured infiltration data. Statistical indicators, including the highest coefficient of determination <em>(R</em>^<em>2</em><em>)</em>, One-way ANOVA and other decision-making parameters, are employed to assess model accuracy and identify the best-fit model for the given site conditions. Also, the work extended over an area with varying terrain and land use to review the possibility of extending the statistical method to recognize the best fit infiltration model with identical soil conditions explained in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution analysis and prediction of heavy precipitation-induced GLOF events in North Sikkim Himalayas using the WRF model","authors":"Peeyush Gupta ,&nbsp;M. Sudhanshu Shekhar ,&nbsp;Gyan Prakash Singh ,&nbsp;Dev Sen Gupta ,&nbsp;Amreek Singh ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar ,&nbsp;Rupesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Dharmendra Singh Tomar","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The northern Sikkim Himalaya hosts numerous high-altitude glacial lakes, many of which exhibit rapid expansion, rendering them highly susceptible to Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs). These events release substantial volumes of water downstream, posing significant hydrometeorological hazards. The downstream regions of Sikkim, particularly the lower Teesta basin, experience flood hazards due to both direct precipitation and enhanced discharge from upstream glacial lakes. Among these, South Lhonak Lake (SLL), one of the largest lakes in the Teesta basin, has undergone rapid volumetric expansion, making it a critical hotspot for GLOF hazards. The study explores the application of the WRF model for GLOF-related research, offering a novel approach to understanding and predicting such events. This study used Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to simulate and analyze heavy precipitation events across Sikkim, with a specific focus on the GLOF-triggering precipitation event of October 3–4, 2023, over the SLL region. The results suggest that intense precipitation, coupled with ice mass instability and lateral moraine failure, acted as the primary triggers for the catastrophic GLOF. Model simulations were conducted using high-resolution precipitation data acquired from the newly deployed X-band Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) installed by DGRE-DRDO at NIT Sikkim. The resulting outburst flood caused extensive damage to settlements, infrastructure, and hydropower projects along its course, extending several tens of kilometers downstream. The findings underscore the urgent need for an integrated monitoring framework combining high-resolution numerical weather prediction, satellite-based glacial lake surveillance, and real-time radar observations. This study represents the first application of the WRF model for GLOF-related precipitation forecasting in Sikkim, demonstrating its potential for enhancing early warning capabilities and risk mitigation strategies in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103968"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating water quality using the Geographical Detector Model in Hong Kong","authors":"Yusef Kheyruri ,&nbsp;Ahmad Sharafati ,&nbsp;Seyed Babak Haji Seyed Asadollah ,&nbsp;Arezoo Ariyaei ,&nbsp;Asaad Shakir Hameed ,&nbsp;Reza Farzad","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing water quality is one of the most important fields in water resources management and environmental science. In this context, physical and chemical water parameters, including Water Temperature (WT), pH, Salinity (SAL), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and concentrations of trace elements like iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and barium (Ba) play a crucial role in evaluating water quality. The Geographical Detector Model (GDM) is a powerful statistical tool that can be used to analyze and predict the impact of these parameters on water quality by examining variance and data heterogeneity. A notable advantage of GDM is that it can also effectively analyze the relationship between physical and chemical parameters. In this study, we used GDM to analyze 7 physical and 16 chemical parameters that influence the Water Quality Index (WQI), considering both their individual effects and interactions in all rivers of Hong Kong. The findings showed that Suspended Solids (SS) had the greatest impact among physical parameters (0.45) on WQI, while Total Phosphorus (TP) was the most impactful chemical parameter (0.85). Additionally, the results revealed that Turbidity (TUR) and Conductivity (CON) showed the strongest positive interaction among physical parameters (0.93), while the highest interaction among chemical parameters was observed between Al and TP (0.92). Generally, the study suggested that chemical parameters had a greater influence on WQI compared to physical parameters. In other words, WQI showed greater susceptibility to chemical parameter variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103971"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the temperature field in coal-rock mass and the temporal and spatial evolution of overburden damage in the tar-rich coal pyrolysis zone","authors":"He Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiang Sun ,&nbsp;Jishi Geng ,&nbsp;Qingmin Shi ,&nbsp;Shengze Xue ,&nbsp;Jiyuan Duan ,&nbsp;Kexin Yu ,&nbsp;Pei Li ,&nbsp;Aifang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tar-rich coal is a type of coal resource that produces oil and gas through low-temperature pyrolysis. In-situ pyrolysis is crucial for reducing global carbon emissions, protecting the ecological environment, and improving engineering safety and benefits. In this study, a physical simulation test system was constructed for the in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal to monitor the change of formation temperature during tar-rich coal pyrolysis in real time. Furthermore, the fracture development characteristics of overlying strata caused by temperature field changes were analyzed. The results demonstrated that as the heating time increased, the horizontal temperature field of each layer evolved into the high-temperature center. Moreover, the vertical temperature field transitioned from a low temperature in the middle and high temperatures on both sides to a symmetrical distribution of higher temperatures in the middle than on both sides. The fracture development degree was considerably higher in the middle and lower parts of the same stratum. Horizontal and vertical cracks were observed in the middle of the mudstone layer, and the broken rocks were larger. Furthermore, the fracture degree of rock mass on both sides was higher than that in the middle part, with the separation from the rock being relatively smooth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103970"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on numerical simulation analysis methods of multi-layer discontinuous rammed earth structure","authors":"Qiangqiang Pei ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Pan Qi ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenjun Li ,&nbsp;Wenwu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structure of rammed earthen sites is affected by the ramming process, forming a discontinuous layered structure with a fragile layer interface. The weak bond tensile strength of the layer interface seriously restricts the overall stability of the rammed earth. However, due to their cultural heritage status and unique construction methodology, direct on-site monitoring of their structural integrity is often infeasible. Finite element analysis emerges as a pivotal tool for simulating diverse operational scenarios, where developing appropriate modeling methodologies remains a critical challenge. Usually, the continuous homogeneous model is often used in the stability analysis of rammed earth, and the conclusion deviates from reality. Based on ANSYS simulation, this paper constructs a continuous homogeneous, layered continuous, layered discontinuous, multi-layer discontinuous layer interface weakening rammed earth structure. Based on the spectrum test results of full-scale shaking table in-situ wall and undercutting wall simulation experiments, the main factors affecting the construction of a multi-layer discontinuous rammed earth structure model are revealed. The weakening of the weak layer of the layer interface should be considered in the rammed earth structure, which is closer to the actual situation. Layer interface weakening (material properties), thickness, number and arrangement of elements, and elastic modulus are the main influencing factors. In the model, the three-dimensional proportional relationship of the weakened layer interface does not exceed 20, and the discontinuous structural layer units are arranged one by one. The thickness of the weak layer should be moderate to ensure the accuracy of the model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}